Pogrom  

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-A '''pogrom''' is a violent massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at [[Jews]]. The term originally entered the English language to describe 19th and 20th-century [[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire|attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire]]; similar attacks against Jews at other times and places also became retrospectively known as pogroms. The word is now also sometimes used to describe publicly sanctioned purgative attacks against non-Jewish ethnic or religious groups. 
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-Significant pogroms in the Russian Empire included the [[Odessa pogroms]], [[Warsaw pogrom (1881)]], [[Kishinev pogrom]] (1903), [[Kiev Pogrom (1905)]], and [[Białystok pogrom]] (1906), and, after the 1917 [[Russian Revolution]], the [[Lwów pogrom (1918)]] and [[Kiev Pogroms (1919)]]. The most significant pogrom in [[Nazi Germany]] was the [[Kristallnacht]] of 1938 in which at least an initial 91 Jews were killed by Nazi soldiers, a further 30,000 were arrested and subsequently incarcerated in [[concentration camps]] (many of whom eventually died there), more than 1,000 synagogues were burned, and over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed or damaged. 
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-Such purges have not been limited to Central Europe, however: notorious pogroms of [[World War II]] included the 1941 [[Farhud]] in Iraq, the July 1941 [[Iaşi pogrom]] in Romania – in which over 13,200 Jews were killed – as well as the [[Jedwabne pogrom]] in Poland. Post World War II pogroms included the [[1945 Tripoli pogrom]], the 1946 [[Kielce pogrom]] and the [[1947 Aleppo pogrom]]. 
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-Pogroms against non-Jews include the [[1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]] against [[Igbo people|Igbos]] in southern Nigeria, the 1933 [[Simele Massacre]] targeting [[Assyrians]], the 1955 [[Istanbul Pogrom]] against [[Greek People|Greeks]], the 1920 [[Shusha pogrom]], the 1988 [[Sumgait pogrom]], the [[Red Summer of 1919]] against Black Americans, the [[Kirovabad pogrom]], in which ethnic [[Armenians]] were targeted and the 2008 [[Xenophobia_in_South_Africa#May_2008_riots|anti-Immigrant pogrom]] in South Africa in which African immigrants were targeted. 
 +A '''pogrom''' is a violent [[riot]] aimed at [[massacre]] or [[persecution]] of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at [[Jews]]. The term originally entered the English language to describe 19th- and 20th-century [[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire|attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire]] (mostly within the [[Pale of Settlement]] in present-day [[Ukraine]] and [[Belarus]]). Similar attacks against Jews at other times and places also became retrospectively known as pogroms. The word is now also sometimes used to describe publicly sanctioned purgative attacks against non-Jewish ethnic or religious groups.
==See also== ==See also==
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*[[Hep-Hep riots]] *[[Hep-Hep riots]]
*[[Ethnic cleansing]] *[[Ethnic cleansing]]
 +*[[Genocidal massacre]]
*[[Mass murder]] *[[Mass murder]]
*[[Genocide]] *[[Genocide]]

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A pogrom is a violent riot aimed at massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews. The term originally entered the English language to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire (mostly within the Pale of Settlement in present-day Ukraine and Belarus). Similar attacks against Jews at other times and places also became retrospectively known as pogroms. The word is now also sometimes used to describe publicly sanctioned purgative attacks against non-Jewish ethnic or religious groups.

See also




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