Plato and Aristotle  

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-[[Image:Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael]]]]+[[Image:Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Plato]] (left) and [[Aristotle]] (right), a detail of ''[[The School of Athens]]''<!-- this should link to an article about the famous artwork -->, a fresco by [[Raphael]]. Aristotle gestures to the [[earth]], representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' in his hand. Plato holds his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' and gestures to the [[heaven]]s, representing his belief in [[The Forms]].]]
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-The difference between [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]] is in their views on art. See [[Plato on art]], [[Plato on censorship]]. With regards to Aristotle see [[Poetics]] and [[catharsis]].+In the [[history of philosophy]], [[Plato]] (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) is considered an [[idealist]] and [[Aristotle]] (384 BC – 322 BC) a [[Philosophical realism|realist]].
 + 
 +In the ''[[The School of Athens]]'', a fresco by [[Raphael]] Aristotle gestures to the [[earth]], representing his belief in knowledge through [[empirical]] observation and experience, while holding a copy of his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' in his hand. Plato holds his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' and points his [[index finger]] to the [[heaven]]s, representing his belief in [[The Forms]].
 + 
 +In the summary provided by ''The School of Athens'', [[Plato]] is the [[celestial]] philosopher and an [[idealist]], while [[Aristotle]], the [[chthonic]] philosopher is the [[Philosophical realism|realist]].
 + 
 +More differences between [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]] are to be found in their views on art. Plato was frequently critical of the arts, see [[Plato on art]] and [[Plato on censorship]]. Aristotle was altogether more appreciative towards art and artists and he wrote the first tract of literary theory, the ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]''. His theory of [[catharsis]] counteracted Plato's views that poets should only represent [[the good]].
 + 
 +The difference with regards to the arts is best summarized in ''[[The Secret Museum]]'' by Walter Kendrick:
 + 
 +:"Both [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]] concede great, irrational power to drama and all the other arts, but the one sees this power as continuous, the other as intermittent. Plato makes art out to be something like poison, slowly accumulating in the system and strangling it. In the Aristotelian view, art is [[homeopathic]] medicine, to be taken as needed and put back on the shelf."
 + 
==See also== ==See also==
*[[Art and morality]] *[[Art and morality]]
*[[Representation (arts)]] *[[Representation (arts)]]
 +*[[Aristotle's aesthetics]]
 +*[[Plato's aesthetics]]
 +*[[Sociology of art]]
 +*[[Purpose of art]]
 +*[[Art for art]]
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Revision as of 22:19, 23 November 2020

Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and gestures to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms.
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Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and gestures to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms.

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In the history of philosophy, Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) is considered an idealist and Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) a realist.

In the The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and points his index finger to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms.

In the summary provided by The School of Athens, Plato is the celestial philosopher and an idealist, while Aristotle, the chthonic philosopher is the realist.

More differences between Plato and Aristotle are to be found in their views on art. Plato was frequently critical of the arts, see Plato on art and Plato on censorship. Aristotle was altogether more appreciative towards art and artists and he wrote the first tract of literary theory, the Poetics. His theory of catharsis counteracted Plato's views that poets should only represent the good.

The difference with regards to the arts is best summarized in The Secret Museum by Walter Kendrick:

"Both Plato and Aristotle concede great, irrational power to drama and all the other arts, but the one sees this power as continuous, the other as intermittent. Plato makes art out to be something like poison, slowly accumulating in the system and strangling it. In the Aristotelian view, art is homeopathic medicine, to be taken as needed and put back on the shelf."

See also




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