Plato and Aristotle
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | [[Image:Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of ''[[The School of Athens]]''<!-- this should link to an article about the famous artwork -->, a fresco by [[Raphael]]. Aristotle gestures to the [[earth]], representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' in his hand. Plato holds his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' and gestures to the [[heaven]]s, representing his belief in [[The Forms]]]] | + | [[Image:Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Plato]] (left) and [[Aristotle]] (right), a detail of ''[[The School of Athens]]''<!-- this should link to an article about the famous artwork -->, a fresco by [[Raphael]]. Aristotle gestures to the [[earth]], representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' in his hand. Plato holds his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' and gestures to the [[heaven]]s, representing his belief in [[The Forms]]]] |
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| In the [[history of philosophy]], [[Plato]] is an [[idealist]] and [[Aristotle]] the [[Philosophical realism|realist]]. | In the [[history of philosophy]], [[Plato]] is an [[idealist]] and [[Aristotle]] the [[Philosophical realism|realist]]. | ||
Revision as of 20:53, 13 May 2011
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In the history of philosophy, Plato is an idealist and Aristotle the realist.
In the The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and points his index finger to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms.
In the summary provided by The School of Athens, Plato is the celestial philosopher and an idealist, while Aristotle, the chthonic philosopher is the realist.
More difference between Plato and Aristotle are to be found in their views on art. Plato was frequently critical of the arts, see Plato on art and Plato on censorship. Aristotle was altogether more appreciative towards art and artists and wrote the first tract of literary theory, the Poetics. His theory of catharsis counteracted Plato's views that poets should only represent the good.
The difference with regards to the arts is best summarized in The Secret Museum by Walter Kendrick:
- "Both Plato and Aristotle concede great, irrational power to drama and all the other arts, but the one sees this power as continuous, the other as intermittent. Plato makes art out to be something like poison, slowly accumulating in the system and strangling it. In the Aristotelian view, art is homeopathic medicine, to be taken as needed and put back on the shelf."
See also
- Art and morality
- Representation (arts)
- Aristotle's aesthetics
- Plato's aesthetics
- Sociology of art
- Purpose of art
- Art for art
