Philip V of Spain
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| - | '''Charles III''' (20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was the King of Spain and the ''Spanish Indes'' from 1759 to his death in 1788. | + | '''Philip V''' (Spanish: ''Felipe V''; [[French language|French]]: ''Philippe de France''; 19 December 1683 - 9 July 1746), [[fils de France]] and [[Counts and Dukes of Anjou|Duke of Anjou]], was [[King of Spain]] from 1700 to 14 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son, [[Louis I of Spain]], and from 31 August 1724 to 1746, assuming the throne again upon his son's death. Philip was the first [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] king of Spain. His entire reign of 45 years and 21 days is the longest in Spanish history. |
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| - | Eldest son of [[Philip V of Spain]] and his second wife, Princess [[Elisabeth of Parma]], he became the [[List of Dukes of Parma|Duke of Parma and Piacenza]] under the name of '''Charles I''' (at the death of his great uncle [[Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma|Antonio Farnese]]); later on in 1734 while Duke of Parma he conquered the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily and was thus created the ''King of Naples and Sicily'' due to a personal union; he ruled under the simple name of '''Charles''' with no specific numeration even though time has made him ''Charles VII of Naples'' and ''Charles V and Sicily''. In Sicily, he was known as Charles III of Sicily and of Jerusalem; using the ordinal one III rather than V for the Sicilian people did not recognise as their sovereign legitimate one or Charles I of Naples (Charles d'Anjou), against whom they rebelled, nor the Emperor Charles, quickly discharged of the island. He was crowned King of Naples and Sicily at [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]] on 3 July 1735. | + | |
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| - | In 1738 he married the cultured Princess [[Maria Amalia of Saxony]] with whom he had 13 children with; 8 of these reached adulthood and a further 4 of them had issue. The couple lived in Naples for 19 years and had a very happy marriage. She died in Madrid in 1760 aged 35. | + | |
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| - | After becoming the King of Spain by default, he left the Neapolitan and Sicilian kingdoms to his third surviving son who was later [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand IV of Naples; Ferdinand III of Sicily]]; Ferdinand would see the creation of the future [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] which would be ruled by Charles' descendants till 1861. | + | |
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| - | He was a proponent of ''[[enlightened absolutism]]''. | + | |
| - | ==Pompeii== | + | |
| - | It was during his rule that the Roman cities of [[Herculaneum]] (1738), [[Stabiae]] and [[Pompeii]] (1748) were re-discovered. The king encouraged their excavation and continued to be informed about findings even after moving to Spain. | + | |
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Philip V (Spanish: Felipe V; French: Philippe de France; 19 December 1683 - 9 July 1746), fils de France and Duke of Anjou, was King of Spain from 1700 to 14 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son, Louis I of Spain, and from 31 August 1724 to 1746, assuming the throne again upon his son's death. Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain. His entire reign of 45 years and 21 days is the longest in Spanish history.
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