Philip Roth  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
Revision as of 22:39, 12 December 2007
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

← Previous diff
Revision as of 10:23, 23 May 2018
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

Next diff →
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-'''Philip Milton Roth''' (born [[March 19]], [[1933]], [[Newark, New Jersey]]) is an [[United States|American]] novelist. He gained early literary fame for the 1959 collection ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'' and his 1969 bestseller ''[[Portnoy's Complaint]]'' and has continued to write noted literary works, many of which feature his fictional [[alter ego]], [[Nathan Zuckerman]]. The Zuckerman novels started with ''[[The Ghost Writer]]'' in 1979, and include the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Pulitzer Prize]]-winning ''[[American Pastoral]]'' (1997).+ 
 +'''Philip Milton Roth''' (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018)<ref>{{cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of [[American literature|American writers]]|year=2001|page=350|isbn=978-0-87779-022-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44220189|title=Author Philip Roth dies aged 85|date=2018-05-23|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> was an American novelist.
 + 
 +Roth's fiction, regularly set in his birthplace of [[Newark, New Jersey]], is known for its intensely autobiographical character, for philosophically and formally blurring the distinction between reality and fiction, for its "supple, ingenious style" and for its provocative explorations of [[American identity]].<ref>U.S. Department of State, U.S. Life, [http://infousa.state.gov/life/artsent/oal/lit8.html "American Prose, 1945–1990: Realism and Experimentation"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304074205/http://infousa.state.gov/life/artsent/oal/lit8.html |date=March 4, 2011 }}</ref>
 + 
 +Roth first gained attention with the 1959 [[novella]] ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'', for which he received the U.S. [[National Book Award for Fiction]].<ref name=nba1960/><ref name="Brauner">Brauner (2005), pp. 43–7</ref> He became one of the most awarded American writers of his generation. His books have twice received the [[National Book Award]] and the [[National Book Critics Circle]] award, and three times the [[PEN/Faulkner Award]]. He received a [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Pulitzer Prize]] for his 1997 novel ''[[American Pastoral]]'', which featured one of his best-known characters, [[Nathan Zuckerman]], a character in many of Roth's novels. ''[[The Human Stain]]'' (2000), another Zuckerman novel, was awarded the United Kingdom's [[WH Smith Literary Award]] for the best book of the year. In 2001, in [[Prague]], Roth received the inaugural [[Franz Kafka Prize]].
 + 
 +==Early life==
 +Philip Roth was born in [[Newark, New Jersey]], and grew up in its [[Weequahic, Newark|Weequahic]] neighborhood. He was the second child of
 +Bess (née Finkel) and Herman Roth, an insurance broker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTslryuJyrwC&pg=PA23&dq=Herman%20Bess%20(Finkel)%20Roth&hl=en|title=Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth|first=Mark|last=Shechner|date=January 1, 2003|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> Roth's family was [[American Jews|Jewish]], and his parents were first-generation Americans. The parents of Roth's father came from Kozlov near Lviv / Lemberg in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], whereas his mother's ancestors were from the region of Kiev. He graduated from Newark's [[Weequahic High School]] in or around 1950.<ref>Lubasch, Arnold H. [https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/04/20/reviews/roth-highschool.html "Philip Roth Shakes Weequahic High"], ''[[The New York Times]],'' February 28, 1969. Accessed September 8, 2007</ref> "It has provided the focus for the fiction of Philip Roth, the novelist who evokes his era at Weequahic High School in the highly acclaimed ''[[Portnoy's Complaint]]''.... Besides identifying Weequahic High School by name, the novel specifies such sites as the Empire Burlesque, the Weequahic Diner, the [[Newark Museum]] and Irvington Park, all local landmarks that helped shape the youth of the real Roth and the fictional Portnoy, both graduates of Weequahic class of '50." The ''Weequahic Yearbook'' (1950) describes Roth as "A boy of real intelligence, combined with wit and common sense." Roth was known as a comedian during his time at school.<ref>''Weequahic Yearbook'' (1950)</ref> Roth attended [[Bucknell University]], where he earned a [[B.A.]], [[magna cum laude]] in English and was elected to [[Phi Beta Kappa]]. He pursued graduate studies at the [[University of Chicago]], where he received an [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in [[English literature]] in 1955 and worked briefly as an instructor in the university's writing program. Roth taught creative writing at the [[University of Iowa]] and [[Princeton University]]. He continued his academic career at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he taught comparative literature before retiring from teaching in 1991. Between the end of his studies and the publication of his first book in 1959, Roth served two years in the [[United States Army]] and then wrote short fiction and criticism for various magazines, including movie reviews for ''[[The New Republic]].'' Events in Roth's personal life have occasionally been the subject of media scrutiny.
 + 
 +==Career==
 +Roth's work first appeared in print in ''[[Chicago Review]]'' when he was studying, and later teaching, at the [[University of Chicago]].<ref>Roth, Philip. "The Day It Snowed."&nbsp;''Chicago Review'', vol. 8, no. 4, 1954, pp. 34–44.&nbsp;JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293074.</ref><ref>Roth, Philip. "Mrs. Lindbergh, Mr. Ciardi, and the Teeth and Claws of the Civilized World."&nbsp;''Chicago Review'', vol. 11, no. 2, 1957, pp. 72–76.&nbsp;JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293349.</ref><ref>Roth, Philip. "Positive Thinking on Pennsylvania Avenue."&nbsp;''Chicago Review'', vol. 11, no. 1, 1957, pp. 21–24.&nbsp;JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293295.</ref> His first book, ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]] and Five Short Stories'', won the [[National Book Award]] in 1960, and afterwards he published two novels, ''[[Letting Go (novel)|Letting Go]]'' and ''[[When She Was Good]]''. The publication in 1969 of his fourth and most controversial novel, ''[[Portnoy's Complaint]]'', gave Roth widespread commercial and critical success, leading his profile to rise significantly.<ref name="Brauner"/><ref name="Saxton">Saxton (1974)</ref> During the 1970s Roth experimented in various modes, from the political satire ''[[Our Gang (novel)|Our Gang]]'' to the [[Franz Kafka|Kafkaesque]] ''[[The Breast]]''. By the end of the decade Roth had created his alter ego Nathan Zuckerman. In a series of highly self-referential novels and novellas that followed between 1979 and 1986, Zuckerman appeared as either the main character or an interlocutor.
 + 
 +''[[Sabbath's Theater]]'' (1995) may have Roth's most lecherous protagonist, Mickey Sabbath, a disgraced former puppeteer; it won his second [[National Book Award]].<ref name=nba1995 /> In complete contrast, ''[[American Pastoral]]'' (1997), the first volume of his so-called second Zuckerman trilogy, focuses on the life of virtuous Newark star athlete Swede Levov, and the tragedy that befalls him when Levov's teenage daughter becomes a domestic terrorist during the late 1960s; it won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]].<ref name=pulitzer /> ''[[I Married a Communist]]'' (1998) focuses on the [[Joe McCarthy|McCarthy]] era. ''[[The Human Stain]]'' examines [[identity politics]] in 1990s America. ''[[The Dying Animal]]'' (2001) is a short novel about [[eros]] and death that revisits literary professor David Kepesh, protagonist of two 1970s works, ''[[The Breast]]'' and ''[[The Professor of Desire]]''. In ''[[The Plot Against America]]'' (2004), Roth imagines an alternative American history in which [[Charles Lindbergh]], aviator hero and isolationist, is elected U.S. president in 1940, and the U.S. negotiates an understanding with Hitler's Nazi Germany and embarks on its own program of anti-Semitism.
 + 
 +Roth's novel ''[[Everyman (novel)|Everyman]]'', a meditation on illness, aging, desire, and death, was published in May 2006. For ''Everyman'' Roth won his third PEN/Faulkner Award, making him the only person so honored. ''[[Exit Ghost]]'', which again features Nathan Zuckerman, was released in October 2007. It was the last Zuckerman novel.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/books/30roth.html Zuckerman’s Last Hurrah]." ''[[New York Times]]''. November 30, 2006.</ref> ''[[Indignation (novel)|Indignation]]'', Roth's 29th book, was published on September 16, 2008. Set in 1951, during the [[Korean War]], it follows Marcus Messner's departure from Newark to Ohio's Winesburg College, where he begins his sophomore year. In 2009, Roth's 30th book, ''[[The Humbling]]'', was published. It tells the story of the last performances of Simon Axler, a celebrated stage actor. Roth's 31st book, ''[[Nemesis (Philip Roth novel)|Nemesis]]'', was published on October 5, 2010. According to the book's notes, ''[[Nemesis (Philip Roth novel)|Nemesis]]'' is the last in a series of four "short novels," after ''[[Everyman (novel)|Everyman]]'', ''[[Indignation (novel)|Indignation]]'' and ''[[The Humbling]]''.
 + 
 +In October 2009, during an interview with Tina Brown of ''The Daily Beast'' to promote ''The Humbling'', Roth considered the future of literature and its place in society, stating his belief that within 25 years the reading of novels will be regarded as a "cultic" activity:
 + 
 +<blockquote>I was being optimistic about 25 years really. I think it's going to be cultic. I think always people will be reading them but it will be a small group of people. Maybe more people than now read Latin poetry, but somewhere in that range. ... To read a novel requires a certain amount of concentration, focus, devotion to the reading. If you read a novel in more than two weeks you don't read the novel really. So I think that kind of concentration and focus and attentiveness is hard to come by—it's hard to find huge numbers of people, large numbers of people, significant numbers of people, who have those qualities[.]<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |title= Philip Roth predicts novel will be minority cult within 25 years |date=October 26, 2009 |first=Alison |last=Flood |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/oct/26/philip-roth-novel-minority-cult}}</ref></blockquote>
 + 
 +When asked about the prospect of digital books and e-books possibly replacing printed copy, Roth was equally downbeat:
 + 
 +<blockquote>The book can't compete with the screen. It couldn't compete [in the] beginning with the movie screen. It couldn't compete with the television screen, and it can't compete with the computer screen. ... Now we have all those screens, so against all those screens a book couldn't measure up.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview |first=Tina |last=Brown |work=The Daily Beast |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-10-21/philip-roth-unbound-the-full-interview |date=October 21, 2009 |accessdate=March 2, 2010}}</ref></blockquote>
 + 
 +The interview was not the first time Roth had expressed pessimism about the future of the novel and its significance in recent years. Talking to the ''Observer''{{'}}s Robert McCrum in 2001, he said, "I'm not good at finding 'encouraging' features in American culture. I doubt that aesthetic literacy has much of a future here."<ref name="guardian.co.uk" /> In an October 2012 interview with the French magazine ''[[Les Inrockuptibles]]'', Roth announced that he would be retiring from writing<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2012/11/philip-roth-retires-from-novels.html Philip Roth retires from novels]. [[The New Yorker]] 2012-11.</ref> and confirmed subsequently in ''[[Le Monde]]'' that he would no longer publish fiction.<ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2013/02/14/philip-roth-i-don-t-wish-to-be-a-slave-any-longer-to-the-stringent-exigencies-of-literature_1831662_3260.html Philip Roth : "I don't wish to be a slave any longer to the stringent exigencies of literature"]. Josyane Savigneau, ''[[Le Monde]]''. February 14, 2013.</ref> In May 2014, Roth claimed in an interview with [[Alan Yentob]] for the [[BBC]] that "this is my last appearance on television, my absolutely last appearance on any stage anywhere."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/may/17/philip-roth-retires-imagine-interview Bye-bye ... Philip Roth talks of fame, sex and growing old in last interview]. Robert McCrum, ''[[The Guardian]]''. May 17, 2014.</ref>
 + 
 +==Influences and themes==
 +Much of Roth's fiction revolves around semi-autobiographical themes, while self-consciously and playfully addressing the perils of establishing connections between Roth and his fictional lives and voices.<ref name = "Berlinerblau">{{Cite news|issn=0009-5982|last=Berlinerblau|first=Jacques|title=Do We Know Philip Roth?|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|accessdate=April 7, 2014|date=April 7, 2014|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Do-We-Know-Philip-Roth-/145671/}}</ref> Examples of this close relationship between the author's life and his characters' include narrators and protagonists such as David Kepesh and [[Nathan Zuckerman]] as well as the character "Philip Roth", who appears in ''[[The Plot Against America]]'' and of whom there are two in ''[[Operation Shylock]]''. Critic Jacques Berlinerblau noted in ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' that these fictional voices create a complex and tricky experience for readers, deceiving them into believing they "know" Roth.<ref name = "Berlinerblau"/> In Roth's fiction, the question of authorship is intertwined with the theme of the idealistic, secular Jewish son who attempts to distance himself from Jewish customs and traditions, and from what he perceives as the sometimes suffocating influence of parents, rabbis, and other community leaders.<ref name ="GreenbergP11" /> Roth's fiction has been described by critics as pervaded by "a kind of alienation that is enlivened and exacerbated by what binds it".<ref name="GreenbergP11">Greenberg, Robert M. (Winter 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150904132552/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n4_v43/ai_20614549/pg_11/ "Transgression in the Fiction of Philip Roth".] ''Twentieth Century Literature''. Archived March 20, 2008.</ref>
 + 
 +Roth's first work, ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'', was an irreverently humorous depiction of the life of middle-class Jewish Americans, and met controversy among reviewers, who were highly polarized in their judgments;<ref name="Brauner"/> one criticized it as infused with a sense of self-loathing. In response, Roth, in his 1963 essay "Writing About Jews" (collected in ''Reading Myself and Others''), maintained that he wanted to explore the conflict between the call to Jewish solidarity and his desire to be free to question the values and morals of middle-class Jewish Americans uncertain of their identities in an era of cultural assimilation and upward social mobility:
 +<blockquote>The cry 'Watch out for the goyim!' at times seems more the expression of an unconscious wish than of a warning: Oh that they were out there, so that we could be together here! A rumor of persecution, a taste of exile, might even bring with it the old world of feelings and habits—something to replace the new world of social accessibility and moral indifference, the world which tempts all our promiscuous instincts, and where one cannot always figure out what a Jew is that a Christian is not.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Roth |first=Philip |date=December 1963 |title=Writing About Jews |journal=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]}}</ref></blockquote>
 + 
 +In Roth's fiction, the exploration of "promiscuous instincts" within the context of Jewish lives, mainly from a male viewpoint, plays an important role. In the words of critic [[Hermione Lee]]:
 +<blockquote>Philip Roth's fiction strains to shed the burden of Jewish traditions and proscriptions. ... The liberated Jewish consciousness, let loose into the disintegration of the American Dream, finds itself deracinated and homeless. American society and politics, by the late sixties, are a grotesque travesty of what Jewish immigrants had traveled towards: liberty, peace, security, a decent liberal democracy.<ref name="Lee">Lee, Hermione (1982). ''Philip Roth''. New York: Methuen & Co., 1982.</ref></blockquote>
 + 
 +While Roth's fiction has strong autobiographical influences, it has also incorporated social commentary and political satire, most obviously in ''[[Our Gang (novel)|Our Gang]]'' and ''[[Operation Shylock]]''. Since the 1990s, Roth's fiction has often combined autobiographical elements with retrospective dramatizations of postwar American life. Roth has described ''[[American Pastoral]]'' and the two following novels as a loosely connected "American trilogy". Each of these novels treats aspects of the postwar era against the backdrop of the nostalgically remembered Jewish-American childhood of Nathan Zuckerman, in which the experience of life on [[United States home front during World War II|the American home front during the Second World War]] features prominently.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
 + 
 +In much of Roth's fiction, the 1940s, comprising Roth's and Zuckerman's childhood, mark a high point of American idealism and social cohesion. A more satirical treatment of the patriotism and idealism of the war years is evident in Roth's comic novels, such as ''[[Portnoy's Complaint]]'' and ''[[Sabbath's Theater]]''. In ''[[The Plot Against America]]'', the [[alternate history]] of the war years dramatizes the prevalence of anti-Semitism and racism in America at the time, despite the promotion of increasingly influential anti-racist ideals during the war. In his fiction, Roth portrayed the 1940s, and the [[New Deal]] era of the 1930s that preceded it, as a heroic phase in American history. A sense of frustration with social and political developments in the US since the 1940s is palpable in the American trilogy and ''[[Exit Ghost]]'', but had already been present in Roth's earlier works that contained political and social satire, such as ''[[Our Gang (novel)|Our Gang]]'' and ''[[The Great American Novel (Roth)|The Great American Novel]]''. Writing about the latter, Hermione Lee points to the sense of disillusionment with "the American Dream" in Roth's fiction: "The mythic words on which Roth's generation was brought up—winning, patriotism, gamesmanship—are desanctified; greed, fear, racism, and political ambition are disclosed as the motive forces behind the 'all-American ideals'."<ref name="Lee" />
 + 
 +==Personal life and death==
 +While at [[University of Chicago|Chicago]], Roth met the novelist [[Saul Bellow]], as well as Margaret Martinson in 1956, who became his first wife in 1959. Their separation in 1963, along with Martinson's death in a car crash in 1968, left a lasting mark on Roth's literary output. Martinson was the inspiration for female characters in several of Roth's novels, including Lucy Nelson in ''[[When She Was Good]]'' and Maureen Tarnopol in ''[[My Life as a Man]].''<ref>Roth, Philip. ''[[The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography]]''. New York, 1988. Roth discusses Martinson's portrait in this memoir. He calls her "Josie" in ''[[When She Was Good]]'' on pp. 149 and 175. He discusses her as an inspiration for ''[[My Life as a Man]]'' throughout the book's second half, most completely in the chapter "Girl of My Dreams," which includes this on p. 110: "Why should I have tried to make up anything better? How could I?" Her influence upon ''Portnoy's Complaint'' is seen in ''The Facts'' as more diffuse, a kind of loosening-up for the author: "It took time and it took blood, and not, really, until I began ''Portnoy's Complaint'' would I be able to cut loose with anything approaching her gift for flabbergasting boldness." (p. 149)</ref> A [[post-operative]] [[nervous breakdown|breakdown]] mentioned in the pseudo-confessional novel ''[[Operation Shylock]]'' (1993) and others<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=j6a0IJjWYe4C&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 5], Philip Roth, ''The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography'', Random House, 2011: "I'm talking about a breakdown. Although there's no need to delve into particulars... what was to have been minor surgery... led to an extreme depression that carried me right to the edge of emotional and mental dissolution. It was in the period of post-crack-up medication, with the clarity attending the remission of an illness..."</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hH3obsqzRvUC&pg=PA79#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 79], Timothy Parrish (ed.), ''The Cambridge Companion to Philip Roth'', Cambridge University Press, 2007: "In point of fact, Roth's surgeries (one the knee surgery, which is followed by a nervous breakdown, the other heart surgery) span the period..."</ref><ref>pp. 108–09, Harold Bloom, ''Philip Roth'', Infobase Publishing, 2003</ref> drew on Roth's experience of the temporary [[side effect]]s of the [[sedative]] Halcion ([[triazolam]]), prescribed post-operatively in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stoeffel|first=Kat|title=Roth on ‘Roth v. Roth v. Roth’|url=http://observer.com/2012/05/roth-on-roth-v-roth-v-roth/|accessdate=September 13, 2012|newspaper=[[New York Observer]]|date=May 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McCrum|first=Robert|title=The story of my lives|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/21/philiproth.fiction|accessdate=September 13, 2012|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=August 21, 2008|location=London}}</ref> (It was subsequently discovered that unfavorable studies [[Clinical trial#Commercial ties and unfavorable studies|had been suppressed]] by triazolam's manufacturer, [[Upjohn]], which showed the drug carried a high risk of causing short-term psychiatric disturbance.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Adam K, Oswald I |title=Triazolam. Unpublished manufacturers research unfavourable |journal=BMJ |volume=306 |issue=6890 |pages=1475–76 |date=May 1993 |pmid=8292128 |pmc=1677863 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1475-b}}</ref> When this became known, the drug was banned in some countries<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bramness JG, Olsen H |title=[Adverse effects of zopiclone] |language=Norwegian |journal=Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. |volume=118 |issue=13 |pages=2029–32 |date=May 1998 |pmid=9656789 |doi= |url=}}</ref> and its withdrawal due to high risk and poor clinical benefit was also discussed in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kales A |title=Benzodiazepine hypnotics and insomnia |journal=Hosp. Pract. (Off. Ed.) |volume=25 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=7–21; discussion 22–3 |date=September 1990 |pmid=1976124 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Manfredi RL, Kales A |title=Clinical neuropharmacology of sleep disorders |journal=Semin Neurol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=286–95 |date=September 1987 |pmid=3332464 |doi= 10.1055/s-2008-1041429|url=}}</ref>)
 + 
 +Roth was an [[atheist]] who once said, "When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place."<ref name="Ulysses Press">{{cite book|title=The Wit and Blasphemy of Atheists: 500 Greatest Quips and Quotes from Freethinkers, Non-Believers and the Happily Damned|year=2011|publisher=Ulysses Press|isbn=9781569759707|page=190|quote=When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place. – Philip Roth}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philip-roth-on-fame-sex-and-god/|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc.|accessdate=May 5, 2014|author=Rita Braver|quote='Do you consider yourself a religious person?' 'No, I don't have a religious bone in my body,' Roth said. 'You don't?' 'No.' 'So, do you feel like there's a God out there?' Braver asked. 'I'm afraid there isn't, no,' Roth said. 'You know that telling the whole world that you don't believe in God is going to, you know, have people say, "Oh my goodness, you know, that's a terrible thing for him to say,"' Braver said. Roth replied, 'When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place.'}}</ref> He also said during an interview to ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I'm exactly the opposite of religious, I'm anti-religious. I find religious people hideous. I hate the religious lies. It's all a big lie", and "It's not a neurotic thing, but the miserable record of religion—I don't even want to talk about it. It's not interesting to talk about the sheep referred to as believers. When I write, I'm alone. It's filled with fear and loneliness and anxiety—and I never needed religion to save me."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/14/fiction.philiproth|title='It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die'|first=Martin|last=Krasnik|date=December 14, 2005|publisher=|via=The Guardian}}</ref>
 + 
 +In 1990, Roth married his longtime companion, English actress [[Claire Bloom]]. In 1994 they separated, and in 1996 Bloom published a memoir, ''[[Leaving a Doll's House: A Memoir|Leaving a Doll's House]],'' that described the couple's marriage in detail, much of which was unflattering to Roth. Certain aspects of ''[[I Married a Communist]]'' have been regarded by critics as veiled rebuttals to the accusations in Bloom's memoir.
 + 
 +Roth died at a [[Manhattan]] hospital of [[congestive heart failure]] on May 22, 2018, at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/22/obituaries/philip-roth-dead.html|title=Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 22, 2018|accessdate=May 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44220189</ref>
 + 
 +==List of works==
 +{{refimprove|section|date=May 2018}}
 +{{Main|Philip Roth bibliography}}
 +{{Col-begin}}
 +{{Col-break}}
 + 
 +=== Novels ===
 +==== Zuckerman ====
 +* ''[[The Ghost Writer]]'' (1979)
 +* ''[[Zuckerman Unbound]]'' (1981)
 +* ''[[The Anatomy Lesson (1983 novel)|The Anatomy Lesson]]'' (1983)
 +* ''[[The Prague Orgy]]'' (1985)
 +(The above four books are collected as ''[[Zuckerman Bound]]'')
 +* ''[[The Counterlife]]'' (1986)
 +* ''[[American Pastoral]]'' (1997)
 +* ''[[I Married a Communist]]'' (1998)
 +* ''[[The Human Stain]]'' (2000)
 +* ''[[Exit Ghost]]'' (2007)
 + 
 +==== Roth ====
 +* ''Novotny's Pain'' (1980), published by [[Sylvester & Orphanos]]
 +* ''[[The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography]]'' (1988)
 +* ''[[Deception: A Novel]]'' (1990)
 +* ''[[Patrimony: A True Story]]'' (1991)
 +* ''[[Operation Shylock|Operation Shylock: A Confession]]'' (1993)
 +* ''[[The Plot Against America]]'' (2004)
 + 
 +==== Kepesh ====
 +* ''[[The Breast]]'' (1972)
 +* ''[[The Professor of Desire]]'' (1977)
 +* ''[[The Dying Animal]]'' (2001)
 + 
 +==== Nemeses ====
 +* ''[[Everyman (novel)|Everyman]]'' (2006)
 +* ''[[Indignation (novel)|Indignation]]'' (2008)
 +* ''[[The Humbling]]'' (2009)
 +* ''[[Nemesis (Philip Roth novel)|Nemesis]]'' (2010)
 +{{Col-break}}
 + 
 +==== Other ====
 +* ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'' (1959)
 +* ''[[Letting Go (novel)|Letting Go]]'' (1962)
 +* ''[[When She Was Good]]'' (1967)
 +* ''[[Portnoy's Complaint]]'' (1969)
 +* ''[[Our Gang (novel)|Our Gang]]'' (1971)
 +* ''[[The Great American Novel (Roth)|The Great American Novel]]'' (1973)
 +* ''[[My Life as a Man]]'' (1974)
 +* ''[[Sabbath's Theater]]'' (1995)
 + 
 +=== Collections ===
 +* ''[[Reading Myself and Others]]'' (1976)
 +* ''[[A Philip Roth Reader]]'' (1980, revised edition 1993)
 +* ''[[Shop Talk]]'' (2001)
 +* [[The Library of America's definitive edition of Philip Roth's collected works]] (2005–17)
 +{{col-end}}
 + 
 +==Awards and nominations==
 +{{refimprove|section|date=May 2018}}
 +Two of Roth's works won the [[National Book Award for Fiction]]; four others were finalists.<!-- source is the linked article, easily countable --> Two won [[National Book Critics Circle]] awards; again, another five were finalists. He has also won three [[PEN/Faulkner Award]]s (''Operation Shylock,'' ''The Human Stain,'' and ''Everyman'') and a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel, ''American Pastoral''.<ref name=pulitzer/> In 2001, ''The Human Stain'' was awarded the United Kingdom's [[WH Smith Literary Award]] for the best book of the year. In 2002, he was awarded the [[National Book Foundation]] [[National Book Award#Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters|Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.]]<ref name=medal/>
 +Literary critic [[Harold Bloom]] has named him as one of the four major American novelists still at work, along with [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[Don DeLillo]], and [[Cormac McCarthy]].<ref>Bloom, Harold. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/ "Dumbing down American readers"]. ''[[The Boston Globe]]''. September 24, 2003.</ref> His 2004 novel ''[[The Plot Against America]]'' won the [[Sidewise Award for Alternate History]] in 2005 as well as the Society of American Historians’ [[James Fenimore Cooper Prize]]. Roth was also awarded the United Kingdom's [[WH Smith Literary Award]] for the best book of the year, an award Roth has received twice.<ref>[http://facstaff.unca.edu/moseley/smith.html WH Smith Award<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619000818/http://facstaff.unca.edu/moseley/smith.html |date=June 19, 2012 }}</ref> He was honored in his hometown in October 2005 when then-mayor [[Sharpe James]] presided over the unveiling of a street sign in Roth's name on the corner of Summit and Keer Avenues where Roth lived for much of his childhood, a setting prominent in ''The Plot Against America''. A plaque on the house where the Roths lived was also unveiled. In May 2006, he was given the [[PEN/Nabokov Award]], and in 2007 he was awarded the PEN/Faulkner award for ''Everyman,'' making him the award's only three-time winner. In April 2007, he was chosen as the recipient of the first [[PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction]].<ref>[[PEN American Center]]. [http://www.pen.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/1406/prmID/1331 "Philip Roth Wins Inaugural PEN/Saul Bellow Award"]. April 2, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004134927/http://www.pen.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/1406/prmID/1331 |date=October 4, 2012 }}</ref>
 + 
 +The May 21, 2006 issue of ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' announced the results of a letter that was sent to what the publication described as "a couple of hundred prominent writers, critics, editors and other literary sages, asking them to please identify 'the single best work of American fiction published in the last 25 years.'" Six of Roth's novels were among the 22 selected: ''American Pastoral,'' ''The Counterlife,'' ''Operation Shylock,'' ''Sabbath's Theater,'' ''The Human Stain,'' and ''The Plot Against America.''<ref>''The New York Times Book Review''. [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/books/fiction-25-years.html "What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?"]. May 21, 2006.</ref> The accompanying essay, written by critic [[A.O. Scott]], stated, "If we had asked for the single best writer of fiction of the past 25 years, [Roth] would have won."<ref>Scott, A.O. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/21/books/review/scott-essay.html "In Search of the Best"]. ''The New York Times''. May 21, 2006.</ref> In 2009, he was awarded the [[Welt-Literaturpreis|''Welt''-Literaturpreis]] of the German newspaper ''[[Die Welt]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/article1182773/Philip-Roth-erhaelt-WELT-Literaturpreis-2009.html |title=Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009 |work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=German |author= |date=October 1, 2009 |accessdate=November 11, 2012}}</ref>
 + 
 +Roth was awarded the 42nd [[Edward MacDowell Medal]] by the [[MacDowell Colony]] in 2001.<ref>[http://www.macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay-History.html Medal Day History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007044147/http://www.macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay-History.html |date=2010-10-07 }} The MacDowell Colony.</ref>
 + 
 +Roth was awarded the 2010 [[National Humanities Medal]] by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] in the [[East Room]] of the White House on March 2, 2011.<ref>[http://voices.washingtonpost.com/arts-post/2011/03/white_house_salutes.html President Obama talks about the influence of art and words] The Washington Post, March 2, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2011/03/02/2010-national-medal-arts-and-national-humanities-medal-ceremony The 2010 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Ceremony] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108160513/http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2011/03/02/2010-national-medal-arts-and-national-humanities-medal-ceremony |date=November 8, 2014 }} The White House, March 2, 2011.</ref>
 + 
 +In May 2011, Roth was awarded the [[Man Booker International Prize]] for lifetime achievement in fiction on the world stage, the fourth winner of the biennial prize.<ref name=booker/> One of the judges, [[Carmen Callil]], a publisher of the feminist Virago house, withdrew in protest, referring to Roth's work as "[[The Emperor's New Clothes|Emperor's clothes]]". She said "he goes on and on and on about the same subject in almost every single book. It's as though he's sitting on your face and you can't breathe ... I don’t rate him as a writer at all ...".<ref name="NewYorkerBooker"/> Observers quickly noted that Callil had a conflict of interest, having published a book by [[Claire Bloom]] (Roth's ex-wife) that criticized Roth and lambasted their marriage.<ref name="NewYorkerBooker">{{cite web|last=Halford|first=Macy|title=Philip Roth and the Booker Judge|publisher=[[The New Yorker]]|date=May 18, 2011|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/05/philip-roth-and-the-booker-judge.html|accessdate=September 8, 2012}}</ref> In response, one of the two other Booker judges, Rick Gekoski, remarked:
 +<blockquote>In 1959 he writes ''Goodbye, Columbus'' and it's a masterpiece, magnificent. Fifty-one years later he's 78 years old and he writes ''Nemesis'' and it is so wonderful, such a terrific novel ... Tell me one other writer who 50 years apart writes masterpieces ... If you look at the trajectory of the average novel writer, there is a learning period, then a period of high achievement, then the talent runs out and in middle age they start slowly to decline. People say why aren't Martin [Amis] and Julian [Barnes] getting on the Booker prize shortlist, but that's what happens in middle age. Philip Roth, though, gets better and better in middle age. In the 1990s he was almost incapable of not writing a masterpiece—''The Human Stain'', ''The Plot Against America'', ''I Married a Communist''. He was 65–70 years old, what the hell's he doing writing that well?<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/may/18/judge-quits-philip-roth-booker | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Alison | last=Flood | title=Judge withdraws over Philip Roth's Booker win | date=May 18, 2011}}</ref></blockquote> In 2012 he received the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] for literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eitb.com/en/news/entertainment/detail/900803/prince-asturias--philip-roth-wins-asturias-prize-literature/|title=US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature|first=|last=EiTB|publisher=}}</ref>
 +On March 19, 2013, Roth's 80th birthday was celebrated in public ceremonies at the Newark Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/127998/four-score-and-philip-roth.|title=Four Score and Philip Roth|publisher=}}</ref>
 + 
 +===Films===
 +Eight of Philip Roth's novels and short stories have been adapted as films: ''[[Goodbye, Columbus (film)|Goodbye, Columbus]]''; ''[[Portnoy's Complaint (film)|Portnoy's Complaint]]''; ''[[The Human Stain (film)|The Human Stain]]''; ''[[The Dying Animal]],'' adapted as ''[[Elegy (film)|Elegy]]''; ''[[The Humbling (film)|The Humbling]]''; ''[[Indignation (film)|Indignation]]''; and ''[[American Pastoral (film)|American Pastoral]]''. In addition, ''[[The Ghost Writer]]'' was adapted for television in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087331/combined|title=The Ghost Writer|date=January 17, 1984|publisher=|via=IMDb}}</ref> In 2014, filmmaker [[Alex Ross Perry]] made ''[[Listen Up Philip]]'', which was influenced by Roth's art.
 + 
 +===Honors===
 +{{div col}}
 +* 1960 [[National Book Award]] for ''Goodbye, Columbus''<ref name=nba1960>
 +[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1960.html "National Book Awards – 1960"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
 +<br />(With acceptance speech by Roth and essay by Larry Dark and others (five) from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
 +* 1975 National Book Award finalist for ''My Life as A Man''
 +* 1978 NBCCA finalist for ''The Professor Of Desire''
 +* 1980 Pulitzer Prize finalist for ''The Ghost Writer''<ref name=pulitzer/>
 +* 1980 National Book Award finalist for ''The Ghost Writer''
 +* 1980 NBCCA finalist for ''The Ghost Writer''
 +* 1984 National Book Award finalist for ''The Anatomy Lesson''
 +* 1984 NBCCA finalist for ''The Anatomy Lesson''
 +* 1986 [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (NBCCA) for ''The Counterlife''
 +* 1986 National Book Award finalist for ''The Counterlife''
 +* 1991 [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (NBCCA) for ''Patrimony''
 +* 1994 [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction|PEN/Faulkner Award]] for ''Operation Shylock''
 +* 1994 Pulitzer Prize finalist for ''Operation Shylock''<ref name=pulitzer/>
 +* 1995 [[National Book Award]] for ''Sabbath's Theater''<ref name=nba1995>
 +[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1995.html "National Book Awards – 1995"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
 +<br />(With essay by Ed Porter from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
 +* 1996 Pulitzer Prize finalist for ''Sabbath's Theater''<ref name=pulitzer/>
 +* 1997 [[IMPAC Award]] longlist for ''Sabbath's Theater''
 +* 1998 [[Pulitzer Prize]] for ''American Pastoral''<ref name=pulitzer>
 +[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</ref>
 +* 1998 NBCCA finalist for ''American Pastoral''
 +* 1998 [[Ambassador Book Award]] of the [[English-Speaking Union]] for ''I Married a Communist''
 +* 1998 [[National Medal of Arts]]
 +* 1999 [[IMPAC Award]] longlist for ''American Pastoral''
 +* 2000 [[Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger]] (France) for ''American Pastoral''
 +* 2000 [[IMPAC Award]] shortlist for ''I Married a Communist''
 +* 2001 [[Franz Kafka Prize]]
 +* 2001 [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction|PEN/Faulkner Award]] for ''The Human Stain''
 +* 2001 Gold Medal In Fiction from [[The American Academy of Arts and Letters]]
 +* 2001 42nd [[Edward MacDowell Medal]] from the [[MacDowell Colony]]
 +* 2001 [[WH Smith Literary Award]] for ''The Human Stain''
 +* 2002 [[IMPAC Award]] longlist for ''The Human Stain''
 +* 2002 [[National Book Award#Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters|Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters]] from the [[National Book Foundation]]<ref name=medal>
 +[http://www.nationalbook.org/amerletters.html "Distinguished Contribution to American Letters"]. National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. (With introduction by Steve Martin; acceptance speech not available from NBF.)</ref>
 +* 2002 [[Prix Médicis|Prix Médicis Étranger]] (France) for ''The Human Stain''
 +* 2003 Honorary [[Doctor of Letters]] degree from [[Harvard University]]
 +* 2005 NBCCA finalist for ''The Plot Against America''
 +* 2005 [[Sidewise Award for Alternate History]] for ''The Plot Against America''
 +* 2005 [[James Fenimore Cooper Prize for Best Historical Fiction]] for ''The Plot Against America''
 +* 2005 Nominee for [[Man Booker International Prize]]
 +* 2005 [[WH Smith Literary Award]] for ''The Plot Against America''
 +* 2006 [[PEN/Nabokov Award]] for lifetime achievement
 +* 2007 [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction|PEN/Faulkner Award]] for ''Everyman''
 +* 2007 [[PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction]]
 +* 2008 [[IMPAC Award]] longlist for ''Everyman''
 +* 2009 [[IMPAC Award]] longlist for ''Exit Ghost''
 +* 2010 [[The Paris Review]] Hadada Prize
 +* 2011 [[National Humanities Medal]] for 2010
 +* 2011 [[Man Booker International Prize]]
 +* 2012 [[Library of Congress Creative Achievement Award for Fiction]]
 +* 2012 [[Prince of Asturias Awards]] for literature<ref name=booker>{{cite web |title=Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502|publisher=themanbookerprize.com|accessdate=May 18, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215042/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502|archivedate=May 25, 2011|df=}}</ref>
 +* 2013 [[PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award]] for lifetime achievement and advocacy.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/01/pen-gala-philip-roth-rece_n_3192452.html | work=Huffington Post | title=PEN Gala: Philip Roth Receives 'Literary Service' Award | date=May 1, 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530142314/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/01/pen-gala-philip-roth-rece_n_3192452.html | archivedate=May 30, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2013/05/01/philip-roth-honored-at-pen-gala.html|title=Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth|url=http://www.pen.org/video/penallen-foundation-literary-service-award-philip-roth|publisher=PEN American Center|accessdate=December 6, 2014}}</ref>
 +* 2013 Commander of the Legion of Honor by the Republic of France.<ref>See The New York Times, Monday, September 30, 2013, p. C4. Congratulations Philip Roth on being named Commander of the Legion of Honor by the Republic of France. Vintage/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.</ref>
 +{{end div col}}
 + 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Revision as of 10:23, 23 May 2018

Related e

Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Shop


Featured:

Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> was an American novelist.

Roth's fiction, regularly set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey, is known for its intensely autobiographical character, for philosophically and formally blurring the distinction between reality and fiction, for its "supple, ingenious style" and for its provocative explorations of American identity.<ref>U.S. Department of State, U.S. Life, "American Prose, 1945–1990: Realism and Experimentation" Template:Webarchive</ref>

Roth first gained attention with the 1959 novella Goodbye, Columbus, for which he received the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.<ref name=nba1960/><ref name="Brauner">Brauner (2005), pp. 43–7</ref> He became one of the most awarded American writers of his generation. His books have twice received the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle award, and three times the PEN/Faulkner Award. He received a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel American Pastoral, which featured one of his best-known characters, Nathan Zuckerman, a character in many of Roth's novels. The Human Stain (2000), another Zuckerman novel, was awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year. In 2001, in Prague, Roth received the inaugural Franz Kafka Prize.

Contents

Early life

Philip Roth was born in Newark, New Jersey, and grew up in its Weequahic neighborhood. He was the second child of Bess (née Finkel) and Herman Roth, an insurance broker.<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: https://books.google.com/books?id=eTslryuJyrwC&pg=PA23&dq=Herman%20Bess%20(Finkel)%20Roth&hl=en | {{#if: Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: Shechner

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Shechner
     | Shechner{{#if: Mark | , Mark }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: Shechner
     | Shechner{{#if: Mark | , Mark }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Shechner

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: Shechner|

   {{#if: January 1, 2003
   |  (January 1, 2003)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: Shechner

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth | [{{{archiveurl}}} Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth] }}}}
   | {{#if: https://books.google.com/books?id=eTslryuJyrwC&pg=PA23&dq=Herman%20Bess%20(Finkel)%20Roth&hl=en | {{#if: Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth | Up Society's Ass, Copper: Rereading Philip Roth }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: Univ of Wisconsin Press

 | . Univ of Wisconsin Press{{#if: Shechner
   | 
   | {{#if: January 1, 2003 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Shechner

 ||{{#if: January 1, 2003
   |  (January 1, 2003)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> Roth's family was Jewish, and his parents were first-generation Americans. The parents of Roth's father came from Kozlov near Lviv / Lemberg in Galicia, whereas his mother's ancestors were from the region of Kiev. He graduated from Newark's Weequahic High School in or around 1950.<ref>Lubasch, Arnold H. "Philip Roth Shakes Weequahic High", The New York Times, February 28, 1969. Accessed September 8, 2007</ref> "It has provided the focus for the fiction of Philip Roth, the novelist who evokes his era at Weequahic High School in the highly acclaimed Portnoy's Complaint.... Besides identifying Weequahic High School by name, the novel specifies such sites as the Empire Burlesque, the Weequahic Diner, the Newark Museum and Irvington Park, all local landmarks that helped shape the youth of the real Roth and the fictional Portnoy, both graduates of Weequahic class of '50." The Weequahic Yearbook (1950) describes Roth as "A boy of real intelligence, combined with wit and common sense." Roth was known as a comedian during his time at school.<ref>Weequahic Yearbook (1950)</ref> Roth attended Bucknell University, where he earned a B.A., magna cum laude in English and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He pursued graduate studies at the University of Chicago, where he received an M.A. in English literature in 1955 and worked briefly as an instructor in the university's writing program. Roth taught creative writing at the University of Iowa and Princeton University. He continued his academic career at the University of Pennsylvania, where he taught comparative literature before retiring from teaching in 1991. Between the end of his studies and the publication of his first book in 1959, Roth served two years in the United States Army and then wrote short fiction and criticism for various magazines, including movie reviews for The New Republic. Events in Roth's personal life have occasionally been the subject of media scrutiny.

Career

Roth's work first appeared in print in Chicago Review when he was studying, and later teaching, at the University of Chicago.<ref>Roth, Philip. "The Day It Snowed." Chicago Review, vol. 8, no. 4, 1954, pp. 34–44. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293074.</ref><ref>Roth, Philip. "Mrs. Lindbergh, Mr. Ciardi, and the Teeth and Claws of the Civilized World." Chicago Review, vol. 11, no. 2, 1957, pp. 72–76. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293349.</ref><ref>Roth, Philip. "Positive Thinking on Pennsylvania Avenue." Chicago Review, vol. 11, no. 1, 1957, pp. 21–24. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25293295.</ref> His first book, Goodbye, Columbus and Five Short Stories, won the National Book Award in 1960, and afterwards he published two novels, Letting Go and When She Was Good. The publication in 1969 of his fourth and most controversial novel, Portnoy's Complaint, gave Roth widespread commercial and critical success, leading his profile to rise significantly.<ref name="Brauner"/><ref name="Saxton">Saxton (1974)</ref> During the 1970s Roth experimented in various modes, from the political satire Our Gang to the Kafkaesque The Breast. By the end of the decade Roth had created his alter ego Nathan Zuckerman. In a series of highly self-referential novels and novellas that followed between 1979 and 1986, Zuckerman appeared as either the main character or an interlocutor.

Sabbath's Theater (1995) may have Roth's most lecherous protagonist, Mickey Sabbath, a disgraced former puppeteer; it won his second National Book Award.<ref name=nba1995 /> In complete contrast, American Pastoral (1997), the first volume of his so-called second Zuckerman trilogy, focuses on the life of virtuous Newark star athlete Swede Levov, and the tragedy that befalls him when Levov's teenage daughter becomes a domestic terrorist during the late 1960s; it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.<ref name=pulitzer /> I Married a Communist (1998) focuses on the McCarthy era. The Human Stain examines identity politics in 1990s America. The Dying Animal (2001) is a short novel about eros and death that revisits literary professor David Kepesh, protagonist of two 1970s works, The Breast and The Professor of Desire. In The Plot Against America (2004), Roth imagines an alternative American history in which Charles Lindbergh, aviator hero and isolationist, is elected U.S. president in 1940, and the U.S. negotiates an understanding with Hitler's Nazi Germany and embarks on its own program of anti-Semitism.

Roth's novel Everyman, a meditation on illness, aging, desire, and death, was published in May 2006. For Everyman Roth won his third PEN/Faulkner Award, making him the only person so honored. Exit Ghost, which again features Nathan Zuckerman, was released in October 2007. It was the last Zuckerman novel.<ref>"Zuckerman’s Last Hurrah." New York Times. November 30, 2006.</ref> Indignation, Roth's 29th book, was published on September 16, 2008. Set in 1951, during the Korean War, it follows Marcus Messner's departure from Newark to Ohio's Winesburg College, where he begins his sophomore year. In 2009, Roth's 30th book, The Humbling, was published. It tells the story of the last performances of Simon Axler, a celebrated stage actor. Roth's 31st book, Nemesis, was published on October 5, 2010. According to the book's notes, Nemesis is the last in a series of four "short novels," after Everyman, Indignation and The Humbling.

In October 2009, during an interview with Tina Brown of The Daily Beast to promote The Humbling, Roth considered the future of literature and its place in society, stating his belief that within 25 years the reading of novels will be regarded as a "cultic" activity:

I was being optimistic about 25 years really. I think it's going to be cultic. I think always people will be reading them but it will be a small group of people. Maybe more people than now read Latin poetry, but somewhere in that range. ... To read a novel requires a certain amount of concentration, focus, devotion to the reading. If you read a novel in more than two weeks you don't read the novel really. So I think that kind of concentration and focus and attentiveness is hard to come by—it's hard to find huge numbers of people, large numbers of people, significant numbers of people, who have those qualities[.]<ref name="guardian.co.uk">Template:Cite news</ref>

When asked about the prospect of digital books and e-books possibly replacing printed copy, Roth was equally downbeat:

The book can't compete with the screen. It couldn't compete [in the] beginning with the movie screen. It couldn't compete with the television screen, and it can't compete with the computer screen. ... Now we have all those screens, so against all those screens a book couldn't measure up.<ref>{{
  1. if: {{#if: http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-10-21/philip-roth-unbound-the-full-interview | {{#if: Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified }}{{
  1. if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted }} }}{{#if: Brown | {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Brown | Brown{{#if: Tina | , Tina }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: Brown | Brown{{#if: Tina | , Tina }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{#if: Brown | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: Brown| {{#if: October 21, 2009 | (October 21, 2009) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}} }}{{#if: Brown | . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}: }}{{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-10-21/philip-roth-unbound-the-full-interview | {{#if: Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview | Philip Roth Unbound: The Full Interview }}}} }}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: | () }}{{#if: The Daily Beast | . The Daily Beast }}{{#if: | {{{pages}}} }}{{#if: | . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: Brown | | {{#if: October 21, 2009 || }} }} }}{{#if: Brown ||{{#if: October 21, 2009 | (October 21, 2009) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }} }}.{{#if: | Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]]. }}{{#if: March 2, 2010 | Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|March 2, 2010{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: | Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}. }}{{#if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }}</ref>

The interview was not the first time Roth had expressed pessimism about the future of the novel and its significance in recent years. Talking to the ObserverTemplate:'s Robert McCrum in 2001, he said, "I'm not good at finding 'encouraging' features in American culture. I doubt that aesthetic literacy has much of a future here."<ref name="guardian.co.uk" /> In an October 2012 interview with the French magazine Les Inrockuptibles, Roth announced that he would be retiring from writing<ref>Philip Roth retires from novels. The New Yorker 2012-11.</ref> and confirmed subsequently in Le Monde that he would no longer publish fiction.<ref>Philip Roth : "I don't wish to be a slave any longer to the stringent exigencies of literature". Josyane Savigneau, Le Monde. February 14, 2013.</ref> In May 2014, Roth claimed in an interview with Alan Yentob for the BBC that "this is my last appearance on television, my absolutely last appearance on any stage anywhere."<ref>Bye-bye ... Philip Roth talks of fame, sex and growing old in last interview. Robert McCrum, The Guardian. May 17, 2014.</ref>

Influences and themes

Much of Roth's fiction revolves around semi-autobiographical themes, while self-consciously and playfully addressing the perils of establishing connections between Roth and his fictional lives and voices.<ref name = "Berlinerblau">Template:Cite news</ref> Examples of this close relationship between the author's life and his characters' include narrators and protagonists such as David Kepesh and Nathan Zuckerman as well as the character "Philip Roth", who appears in The Plot Against America and of whom there are two in Operation Shylock. Critic Jacques Berlinerblau noted in The Chronicle of Higher Education that these fictional voices create a complex and tricky experience for readers, deceiving them into believing they "know" Roth.<ref name = "Berlinerblau"/> In Roth's fiction, the question of authorship is intertwined with the theme of the idealistic, secular Jewish son who attempts to distance himself from Jewish customs and traditions, and from what he perceives as the sometimes suffocating influence of parents, rabbis, and other community leaders.<ref name ="GreenbergP11" /> Roth's fiction has been described by critics as pervaded by "a kind of alienation that is enlivened and exacerbated by what binds it".<ref name="GreenbergP11">Greenberg, Robert M. (Winter 1997) "Transgression in the Fiction of Philip Roth". Twentieth Century Literature. Archived March 20, 2008.</ref>

Roth's first work, Goodbye, Columbus, was an irreverently humorous depiction of the life of middle-class Jewish Americans, and met controversy among reviewers, who were highly polarized in their judgments;<ref name="Brauner"/> one criticized it as infused with a sense of self-loathing. In response, Roth, in his 1963 essay "Writing About Jews" (collected in Reading Myself and Others), maintained that he wanted to explore the conflict between the call to Jewish solidarity and his desire to be free to question the values and morals of middle-class Jewish Americans uncertain of their identities in an era of cultural assimilation and upward social mobility:

The cry 'Watch out for the goyim!' at times seems more the expression of an unconscious wish than of a warning: Oh that they were out there, so that we could be together here! A rumor of persecution, a taste of exile, might even bring with it the old world of feelings and habits—something to replace the new world of social accessibility and moral indifference, the world which tempts all our promiscuous instincts, and where one cannot always figure out what a Jew is that a Christian is not.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In Roth's fiction, the exploration of "promiscuous instincts" within the context of Jewish lives, mainly from a male viewpoint, plays an important role. In the words of critic Hermione Lee:

Philip Roth's fiction strains to shed the burden of Jewish traditions and proscriptions. ... The liberated Jewish consciousness, let loose into the disintegration of the American Dream, finds itself deracinated and homeless. American society and politics, by the late sixties, are a grotesque travesty of what Jewish immigrants had traveled towards: liberty, peace, security, a decent liberal democracy.<ref name="Lee">Lee, Hermione (1982). Philip Roth. New York: Methuen & Co., 1982.</ref>

While Roth's fiction has strong autobiographical influences, it has also incorporated social commentary and political satire, most obviously in Our Gang and Operation Shylock. Since the 1990s, Roth's fiction has often combined autobiographical elements with retrospective dramatizations of postwar American life. Roth has described American Pastoral and the two following novels as a loosely connected "American trilogy". Each of these novels treats aspects of the postwar era against the backdrop of the nostalgically remembered Jewish-American childhood of Nathan Zuckerman, in which the experience of life on the American home front during the Second World War features prominently.Template:Citation needed

In much of Roth's fiction, the 1940s, comprising Roth's and Zuckerman's childhood, mark a high point of American idealism and social cohesion. A more satirical treatment of the patriotism and idealism of the war years is evident in Roth's comic novels, such as Portnoy's Complaint and Sabbath's Theater. In The Plot Against America, the alternate history of the war years dramatizes the prevalence of anti-Semitism and racism in America at the time, despite the promotion of increasingly influential anti-racist ideals during the war. In his fiction, Roth portrayed the 1940s, and the New Deal era of the 1930s that preceded it, as a heroic phase in American history. A sense of frustration with social and political developments in the US since the 1940s is palpable in the American trilogy and Exit Ghost, but had already been present in Roth's earlier works that contained political and social satire, such as Our Gang and The Great American Novel. Writing about the latter, Hermione Lee points to the sense of disillusionment with "the American Dream" in Roth's fiction: "The mythic words on which Roth's generation was brought up—winning, patriotism, gamesmanship—are desanctified; greed, fear, racism, and political ambition are disclosed as the motive forces behind the 'all-American ideals'."<ref name="Lee" />

Personal life and death

While at Chicago, Roth met the novelist Saul Bellow, as well as Margaret Martinson in 1956, who became his first wife in 1959. Their separation in 1963, along with Martinson's death in a car crash in 1968, left a lasting mark on Roth's literary output. Martinson was the inspiration for female characters in several of Roth's novels, including Lucy Nelson in When She Was Good and Maureen Tarnopol in My Life as a Man.<ref>Roth, Philip. The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography. New York, 1988. Roth discusses Martinson's portrait in this memoir. He calls her "Josie" in When She Was Good on pp. 149 and 175. He discusses her as an inspiration for My Life as a Man throughout the book's second half, most completely in the chapter "Girl of My Dreams," which includes this on p. 110: "Why should I have tried to make up anything better? How could I?" Her influence upon Portnoy's Complaint is seen in The Facts as more diffuse, a kind of loosening-up for the author: "It took time and it took blood, and not, really, until I began Portnoy's Complaint would I be able to cut loose with anything approaching her gift for flabbergasting boldness." (p. 149)</ref> A post-operative breakdown mentioned in the pseudo-confessional novel Operation Shylock (1993) and others<ref>p. 5, Philip Roth, The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography, Random House, 2011: "I'm talking about a breakdown. Although there's no need to delve into particulars... what was to have been minor surgery... led to an extreme depression that carried me right to the edge of emotional and mental dissolution. It was in the period of post-crack-up medication, with the clarity attending the remission of an illness..."</ref><ref>p. 79, Timothy Parrish (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Philip Roth, Cambridge University Press, 2007: "In point of fact, Roth's surgeries (one the knee surgery, which is followed by a nervous breakdown, the other heart surgery) span the period..."</ref><ref>pp. 108–09, Harold Bloom, Philip Roth, Infobase Publishing, 2003</ref> drew on Roth's experience of the temporary side effects of the sedative Halcion (triazolam), prescribed post-operatively in the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (It was subsequently discovered that unfavorable studies had been suppressed by triazolam's manufacturer, Upjohn, which showed the drug carried a high risk of causing short-term psychiatric disturbance.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> When this became known, the drug was banned in some countries<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and its withdrawal due to high risk and poor clinical benefit was also discussed in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>)

Roth was an atheist who once said, "When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place."<ref name="Ulysses Press">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philip-roth-on-fame-sex-and-god/ | {{#if: Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: Rita Braver

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | Rita Braver
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | Rita Braver
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Rita Braver

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: Rita Braver|

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: Rita Braver

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philip-roth-on-fame-sex-and-god/ | {{#if: Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God | Philip Roth on Fame, Sex and God }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: CBS Interactive Inc.

 | . CBS Interactive Inc.{{#if: Rita Braver
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Rita Braver

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: May 5, 2014

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|May 5, 2014{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 'Do you consider yourself a religious person?' 'No, I don't have a religious bone in my body,' Roth said. 'You don't?' 'No.' 'So, do you feel like there's a God out there?' Braver asked. 'I'm afraid there isn't, no,' Roth said. 'You know that telling the whole world that you don't believe in God is going to, you know, have people say, "Oh my goodness, you know, that's a terrible thing for him to say,"' Braver said. Roth replied, 'When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place.'

 |  “'Do you consider yourself a religious person?'  'No, I don't have a religious bone in my body,' Roth said. 'You don't?'  'No.'  'So, do you feel like there's a God out there?' Braver asked. 'I'm afraid there isn't, no,' Roth said. 'You know that telling the whole world that you don't believe in God is going to, you know, have people say, "Oh my goodness, you know, that's a terrible thing for him to say,"' Braver said. Roth replied, 'When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place.'”

}}</ref> He also said during an interview to The Guardian: "I'm exactly the opposite of religious, I'm anti-religious. I find religious people hideous. I hate the religious lies. It's all a big lie", and "It's not a neurotic thing, but the miserable record of religion—I don't even want to talk about it. It's not interesting to talk about the sheep referred to as believers. When I write, I'm alone. It's filled with fear and loneliness and anxiety—and I never needed religion to save me."<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/14/fiction.philiproth | {{#if: 'It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die' |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: Krasnik

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Krasnik
     | Krasnik{{#if: Martin | , Martin }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: Krasnik
     | Krasnik{{#if: Martin | , Martin }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Krasnik

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: Krasnik|

   {{#if: December 14, 2005
   |  (December 14, 2005)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: Krasnik

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: 'It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die' | [{{{archiveurl}}} 'It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die'] }}}}
   | {{#if: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/14/fiction.philiproth | {{#if: 'It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die' | 'It no longer feels a great injustice that I have to die' }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{#if: Krasnik
   | 
   | {{#if: December 14, 2005 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Krasnik

 ||{{#if: December 14, 2005
   |  (December 14, 2005)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref>

In 1990, Roth married his longtime companion, English actress Claire Bloom. In 1994 they separated, and in 1996 Bloom published a memoir, Leaving a Doll's House, that described the couple's marriage in detail, much of which was unflattering to Roth. Certain aspects of I Married a Communist have been regarded by critics as veiled rebuttals to the accusations in Bloom's memoir.

Roth died at a Manhattan hospital of congestive heart failure on May 22, 2018, at the age of 85.<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/22/obituaries/philip-roth-dead.html | {{#if: Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85 |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: May 22, 2018
   |  (May 22, 2018)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85] }}}}
   | {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/22/obituaries/philip-roth-dead.html | {{#if: Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85 | Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85 }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: The New York Times

 | . The New York Times{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: May 22, 2018 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: May 22, 2018
   |  (May 22, 2018)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: May 22, 2018

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|May 22, 2018{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44220189</ref>

List of works

Template:Refimprove

Main article{{#if:|s}}: Philip Roth bibliography{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, | and }}[[{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{3}}}|{{{3}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{4}}}|{{{4}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{5}}}|{{{5}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{6}}}|{{{6}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{7}}}|{{{7}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{8}}}|{{{8}}}]]}}{{#if:
 |{{#if:|, |, and }}[[{{{9}}}|{{{9}}}]]}}{{#if:
|, and [[{{{10}}}|{{{10}}}]]}}{{#if: | (too many parameters in {{main}})}}
Template:Col-break

Novels

Zuckerman

(The above four books are collected as Zuckerman Bound)

Roth

Kepesh

Nemeses

Template:Col-break

Other

Collections

Template:Col-end

Awards and nominations

Template:Refimprove Two of Roth's works won the National Book Award for Fiction; four others were finalists. Two won National Book Critics Circle awards; again, another five were finalists. He has also won three PEN/Faulkner Awards (Operation Shylock, The Human Stain, and Everyman) and a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel, American Pastoral.<ref name=pulitzer/> In 2001, The Human Stain was awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year. In 2002, he was awarded the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.<ref name=medal/> Literary critic Harold Bloom has named him as one of the four major American novelists still at work, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo, and Cormac McCarthy.<ref>Bloom, Harold. "Dumbing down American readers". The Boston Globe. September 24, 2003.</ref> His 2004 novel The Plot Against America won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in 2005 as well as the Society of American Historians’ James Fenimore Cooper Prize. Roth was also awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year, an award Roth has received twice.<ref>WH Smith Award Template:Webarchive</ref> He was honored in his hometown in October 2005 when then-mayor Sharpe James presided over the unveiling of a street sign in Roth's name on the corner of Summit and Keer Avenues where Roth lived for much of his childhood, a setting prominent in The Plot Against America. A plaque on the house where the Roths lived was also unveiled. In May 2006, he was given the PEN/Nabokov Award, and in 2007 he was awarded the PEN/Faulkner award for Everyman, making him the award's only three-time winner. In April 2007, he was chosen as the recipient of the first PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction.<ref>PEN American Center. "Philip Roth Wins Inaugural PEN/Saul Bellow Award". April 2, 2007. Template:Webarchive</ref>

The May 21, 2006 issue of The New York Times Book Review announced the results of a letter that was sent to what the publication described as "a couple of hundred prominent writers, critics, editors and other literary sages, asking them to please identify 'the single best work of American fiction published in the last 25 years.'" Six of Roth's novels were among the 22 selected: American Pastoral, The Counterlife, Operation Shylock, Sabbath's Theater, The Human Stain, and The Plot Against America.<ref>The New York Times Book Review. "What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?". May 21, 2006.</ref> The accompanying essay, written by critic A.O. Scott, stated, "If we had asked for the single best writer of fiction of the past 25 years, [Roth] would have won."<ref>Scott, A.O. "In Search of the Best". The New York Times. May 21, 2006.</ref> In 2009, he was awarded the Welt-Literaturpreis of the German newspaper Die Welt.<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/article1182773/Philip-Roth-erhaelt-WELT-Literaturpreis-2009.html | {{#if: Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009 |1}}}}
Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
{{#if: |1}}}} Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

{{#if: [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: , {{{first}}} }}
   }}]]
{{#if: , {{{first}}} }}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: October 1, 2009
(October 1, 2009) {{#if: {{#if: ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/article1182773/Philip-Roth-erhaelt-WELT-Literaturpreis-2009.html | {{#if: Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009 | Philip Roth erhält WELT-Literaturpreis 2009 }}}}

}}{{#if: German | (German) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if: Berliner Morgenpost

 | . Berliner Morgenpost

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: October 1, 2009 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: October 1, 2009
   |  (October 1, 2009)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: November 11, 2012

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|November 11, 2012{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref>

Roth was awarded the 42nd Edward MacDowell Medal by the MacDowell Colony in 2001.<ref>Medal Day History Template:Webarchive The MacDowell Colony.</ref>

Roth was awarded the 2010 National Humanities Medal by U.S. President Barack Obama in the East Room of the White House on March 2, 2011.<ref>President Obama talks about the influence of art and words The Washington Post, March 2, 2011.</ref><ref>The 2010 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Ceremony Template:Webarchive The White House, March 2, 2011.</ref>

In May 2011, Roth was awarded the Man Booker International Prize for lifetime achievement in fiction on the world stage, the fourth winner of the biennial prize.<ref name=booker/> One of the judges, Carmen Callil, a publisher of the feminist Virago house, withdrew in protest, referring to Roth's work as "Emperor's clothes". She said "he goes on and on and on about the same subject in almost every single book. It's as though he's sitting on your face and you can't breathe ... I don’t rate him as a writer at all ...".<ref name="NewYorkerBooker"/> Observers quickly noted that Callil had a conflict of interest, having published a book by Claire Bloom (Roth's ex-wife) that criticized Roth and lambasted their marriage.<ref name="NewYorkerBooker">{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/05/philip-roth-and-the-booker-judge.html | {{#if: Philip Roth and the Booker Judge |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: Halford

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Halford
     | Halford{{#if: Macy | , Macy }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: Halford
     | Halford{{#if: Macy | , Macy }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Halford

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: Halford|

   {{#if: May 18, 2011
   |  (May 18, 2011)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: Halford

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Philip Roth and the Booker Judge | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth and the Booker Judge] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/05/philip-roth-and-the-booker-judge.html | {{#if: Philip Roth and the Booker Judge | Philip Roth and the Booker Judge }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: The New Yorker

 | . The New Yorker{{#if: Halford
   | 
   | {{#if: May 18, 2011 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Halford

 ||{{#if: May 18, 2011
   |  (May 18, 2011)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: September 8, 2012

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|September 8, 2012{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> In response, one of the two other Booker judges, Rick Gekoski, remarked:

In 1959 he writes Goodbye, Columbus and it's a masterpiece, magnificent. Fifty-one years later he's 78 years old and he writes Nemesis and it is so wonderful, such a terrific novel ... Tell me one other writer who 50 years apart writes masterpieces ... If you look at the trajectory of the average novel writer, there is a learning period, then a period of high achievement, then the talent runs out and in middle age they start slowly to decline. People say why aren't Martin [Amis] and Julian [Barnes] getting on the Booker prize shortlist, but that's what happens in middle age. Philip Roth, though, gets better and better in middle age. In the 1990s he was almost incapable of not writing a masterpiece—The Human Stain, The Plot Against America, I Married a Communist. He was 65–70 years old, what the hell's he doing writing that well?<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2012 he received the Prince of Asturias Award for literature.<ref>{{
  1. if: {{#if: http://www.eitb.com/en/news/entertainment/detail/900803/prince-asturias--philip-roth-wins-asturias-prize-literature/ | {{#if: US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: EiTB

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: EiTB
     | EiTB{{#if:  | ,  }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: EiTB
     | EiTB{{#if:  | ,  }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: EiTB

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: EiTB|

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: EiTB

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature | [{{{archiveurl}}} US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.eitb.com/en/news/entertainment/detail/900803/prince-asturias--philip-roth-wins-asturias-prize-literature/ | {{#if: US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature | US author Philip Roth wins Prince of Asturias prize for literature }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{#if: EiTB
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: EiTB

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> On March 19, 2013, Roth's 80th birthday was celebrated in public ceremonies at the Newark Museum.<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/127998/four-score-and-philip-roth. | {{#if: Four Score and Philip Roth |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Four Score and Philip Roth | [{{{archiveurl}}} Four Score and Philip Roth] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/127998/four-score-and-philip-roth. | {{#if: Four Score and Philip Roth | Four Score and Philip Roth }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref>

Films

Eight of Philip Roth's novels and short stories have been adapted as films: Goodbye, Columbus; Portnoy's Complaint; The Human Stain; The Dying Animal, adapted as Elegy; The Humbling; Indignation; and American Pastoral. In addition, The Ghost Writer was adapted for television in 1984.<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087331/combined | {{#if: The Ghost Writer |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: January 17, 1984
   |  (January 17, 1984)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: The Ghost Writer | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Ghost Writer] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087331/combined | {{#if: The Ghost Writer | The Ghost Writer }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: January 17, 1984 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: January 17, 1984
   |  (January 17, 1984)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> In 2014, filmmaker Alex Ross Perry made Listen Up Philip, which was influenced by Roth's art.

Honors

Template:Div col

"National Book Awards – 1960". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
(With acceptance speech by Roth and essay by Larry Dark and others (five) from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>

  • 1975 National Book Award finalist for My Life as A Man
  • 1978 NBCCA finalist for The Professor Of Desire
  • 1980 Pulitzer Prize finalist for The Ghost Writer<ref name=pulitzer/>
  • 1980 National Book Award finalist for The Ghost Writer
  • 1980 NBCCA finalist for The Ghost Writer
  • 1984 National Book Award finalist for The Anatomy Lesson
  • 1984 NBCCA finalist for The Anatomy Lesson
  • 1986 National Book Critics Circle Award (NBCCA) for The Counterlife
  • 1986 National Book Award finalist for The Counterlife
  • 1991 National Book Critics Circle Award (NBCCA) for Patrimony
  • 1994 PEN/Faulkner Award for Operation Shylock
  • 1994 Pulitzer Prize finalist for Operation Shylock<ref name=pulitzer/>
  • 1995 National Book Award for Sabbath's Theater<ref name=nba1995>

"National Book Awards – 1995". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
(With essay by Ed Porter from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>

  • 1996 Pulitzer Prize finalist for Sabbath's Theater<ref name=pulitzer/>
  • 1997 IMPAC Award longlist for Sabbath's Theater
  • 1998 Pulitzer Prize for American Pastoral<ref name=pulitzer>

"Fiction". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</ref>

"Distinguished Contribution to American Letters". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. (With introduction by Steve Martin; acceptance speech not available from NBF.)</ref>

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502 | {{#if: Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215042/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502May 25, 2011
 | {{#if: {{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215042/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502| {{#if: May 25, 2011 |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215042/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502

   | {{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110525215042/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502 | {{#if: Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize | Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1502 | {{#if: Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize | Literary giant wins fourth Man Booker International Prize }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: themanbookerprize.com

 | . themanbookerprize.com{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: May 25, 2011

 |  Archived from the original on May 25, 2011.

}}{{#if: May 18, 2011

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|May 18, 2011{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref>

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2013/05/01/philip-roth-honored-at-pen-gala.html | {{#if: Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: May 1, 2013
   |  (May 1, 2013)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala | [{{{archiveurl}}} Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2013/05/01/philip-roth-honored-at-pen-gala.html | {{#if: Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala | Philip Roth Honored at PEN Gala }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if:

 | . {{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: May 1, 2013 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: May 1, 2013
   |  (May 1, 2013)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref><ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.pen.org/video/penallen-foundation-literary-service-award-philip-roth | {{#if: The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth |1}}}}
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if:
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if:

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: |

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if:

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}: 

}}{{#if:

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth | [{{{archiveurl}}} The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.pen.org/video/penallen-foundation-literary-service-award-philip-roth | {{#if: The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth | The PEN/Allen Foundation Literary Service Award: Philip Roth }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:

 |  ()

}}{{#if:

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if:

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: PEN American Center

 | . PEN American Center{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if:

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if:

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: December 6, 2014

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|December 6, 2014{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if:

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref>

  • 2013 Commander of the Legion of Honor by the Republic of France.<ref>See The New York Times, Monday, September 30, 2013, p. C4. Congratulations Philip Roth on being named Commander of the Legion of Honor by the Republic of France. Vintage/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.</ref>

Template:End div col





Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Philip Roth" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

Views
Personal tools
Metas
Navigation