Party pills
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | :''[[dance culture]], [[disco]], [[drug culture]]'' | ||
| - | '''Club drugs''' are a loosely-defined category of [[recreational drug]]s which are associated with discothèques in the 1970s and [[dance club]]s, parties, and [[rave]]s in the 1980s to the 2000s. Unlike many other categories, such as [[opiate]]s, which are established according to pharmaceutical properties, club drugs are a "category of convenience", which includes drugs ranging from [[phenethylamines]] such as the popular [[MDMA|ecstasy]] to the lesser known [[2C-B]], [[inhalant]]s ([[nitrous oxide]] and amyl nitrite "[[poppers]]"), stimulants (such as [[amphetamines]] and [[cocaine]]), and hallucinogens such as [[LSD]] and [[psilocybin mushrooms]]. Dancers at all-night parties use these drugs for their stimulating or psychedelic properties. "Club drugs" vary by country and region; in some areas, even [[opiates]] such as [[heroin]] are sold at clubs though this practice is relatively uncommon. | ||
| - | ==Types== | + | '''Party pills''', also known as "herbal highs", "pep pills" "dance pills" and "natural power", is a [[colloquialism]] for a type of recreational drug whose main ingredient was originally [[benzylpiperazine]] (BZP), but has now expanded to a wide range of compounds with a variety of effects. [[Benzylpiperazine|BZP]] is banned in a few countries, including the USA, Australia and New Zealand, but is available on a more or less restricted basis in many jurisdictions. A range of other piperazine derivatives have also been sold as ingredients in party pills, and many of these branded "proprietary blends" have subsequently been sold in countries around the world. Piperazine derivatives sold in this way include [[BZP]], [[TFMPP]], [[MeOPP]], [[pFPP]] and several others. [[1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine|mCPP]] has rarely been sold as a party pill ingredient due to its tendency to cause [[migraine]] headaches. These piperazines are usually mixed with other ingredients such as [[caffeine]], [[5-Hydroxytryptophan|5-HTP]] and a range of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and binders to make party pills. |
| - | Examples of drugs typically categorized as club drugs include [[MDMA|ecstasy]], various [[amphetamines]] and less obviously suitable substances like the depressants [[gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid|GHB]] and [[ketamine]] (which do not act as stimulants, but are commonly referred to as club drugs). '[[Poppers]]' is the street name of amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrite (collectively known as [[alkyl nitrites]]), which are clear, yellow volatile liquids which are inhaled for their intoxicating effects. Nitrites originally came as small glass capsules that were popped open, which led to the nickname 'poppers'. The drug became popular in the UK first on the disco/club scene of the 1970s and then at dance and rave venues in the 1980s and 1990s. The "club drugs" vary by country and region. "In Delaware, heroin (and many other drugs) are sold at clubs and at "raves" -- often to very | + | |
| - | young users. Though far less common than other "club drugs" like | + | |
| - | MDMA, ketamine, or [[LSD]], [[heroin]] can be found in some | + | |
| - | of New York's clubs." | + | |
| - | Although the previously mentioned selection of drugs are generally categorized as club drugs by the media and the [[United States]] government, this distinction probably does not have an accurate correlation to real usage patterns. For example, [[alcohol]] is generally not included under the category of club drugs, even though it is probably used more than any other drug at clubs. [[Ketamine]] has long history of being used in clubs and was one of the most popular substances used in the New York [[club kids|Club Kid]] scene. Ketamine produces a dissociative state, characterised by a sense of detachment from one's physical body and the external world which is known as [[depersonalization]] and [[derealization]]. Hallucinations and effects include changes in the perception of distances, relative scale, colour and durations/time, as well as a slowing of the visual system's ability to update what the user is seeing.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} At high doses sounds can be out of sync with the user's visual field. Colors can also turn to sound and sound into color. | + | In countries such as [[New Zealand]] where BZP and related [[piperazine]]s have been recently made illegal, there is now increasing commercial interest in piperazine free "party pills" which are purported to produce similar effects with ingredients that will circumvent the ban. Common active ingredients (among many others) include [[caffeine]], [[theobromine]], other [[stimulant]] [[alkaloids]], [[octopamine]] (a chemical which acts as a neurotransmitter with similar effects to [[dopamine]]), blue lotus extract ([[Nymphaea caerulea]]), natural sources of the [[LSD]] precursor and weak [[psychedelic]] agent [[lysergic acid amide]] (illegal in many countries), [[passionflower]] ([[sedative]] which contains [[monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]), [[Citrus aurantium]] (contains small amounts of the stimulant [[synephrine]]), [[glaucine]] (plant derived compound usually used as cough medicine), and [[geranamine]] (alkylamine compound found in [[geranium oil]]). |
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| - | In the 2000s, synthetic [[phenethylamines]] such as [[2C-I]], [[2C-B]] and [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine|DOB]] have been referred to as club drugs due to their stimulating and psychedelic nature (and their chemical relationship with [[MDMA]]). | + | |
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| - | ==History== | + | |
| - | In the mid- to late-1970s [[disco]] club scene, there was a thriving drug subculture, particularly for drugs that would enhance the experience of dancing to the loud dance music and the flashing lights on the dancefloor, such as [[cocaine]] (nicknamed "blow"), amyl nitrite "[[poppers]]", and the [[Quaalude]]s. According to [[Peter Braunstein]], "[m]assive quantities of drugs [were] ingested in discothèques". | + | |
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| - | == See also == | + | |
| - | *[[Party pills]] | + | |
| - | *[[Rave]] | + | |
| + | Some ingredients are not revealed by some manufacturers, and some products have been released containing compounds such as [[methylone]], [[BK-MBDB]] and [[Diphenyl prolinol]] before being subsequently withdrawn following threats of legal action from the government. | ||
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Party pills, also known as "herbal highs", "pep pills" "dance pills" and "natural power", is a colloquialism for a type of recreational drug whose main ingredient was originally benzylpiperazine (BZP), but has now expanded to a wide range of compounds with a variety of effects. BZP is banned in a few countries, including the USA, Australia and New Zealand, but is available on a more or less restricted basis in many jurisdictions. A range of other piperazine derivatives have also been sold as ingredients in party pills, and many of these branded "proprietary blends" have subsequently been sold in countries around the world. Piperazine derivatives sold in this way include BZP, TFMPP, MeOPP, pFPP and several others. mCPP has rarely been sold as a party pill ingredient due to its tendency to cause migraine headaches. These piperazines are usually mixed with other ingredients such as caffeine, 5-HTP and a range of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and binders to make party pills.
In countries such as New Zealand where BZP and related piperazines have been recently made illegal, there is now increasing commercial interest in piperazine free "party pills" which are purported to produce similar effects with ingredients that will circumvent the ban. Common active ingredients (among many others) include caffeine, theobromine, other stimulant alkaloids, octopamine (a chemical which acts as a neurotransmitter with similar effects to dopamine), blue lotus extract (Nymphaea caerulea), natural sources of the LSD precursor and weak psychedelic agent lysergic acid amide (illegal in many countries), passionflower (sedative which contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors), Citrus aurantium (contains small amounts of the stimulant synephrine), glaucine (plant derived compound usually used as cough medicine), and geranamine (alkylamine compound found in geranium oil).
Some ingredients are not revealed by some manufacturers, and some products have been released containing compounds such as methylone, BK-MBDB and Diphenyl prolinol before being subsequently withdrawn following threats of legal action from the government.
