Papal States  

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 +The '''Papal State(s)''', '''State(s) of the Church''', or '''Pontifical States''' were among the major [[historical states of Italy]] from roughly the 6th century until the [[Italian peninsula]] was unified in 1861 by the [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia]] (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870).
-:''[[grotesque art]], [[Raphael Rooms]]''+The Papal States comprised territories under direct sovereign rule of the [[papacy]], and at its height it covered most of the modern Italian regions of [[Romagna]], [[Marche]], [[Umbria]] and [[Lazio]]. This governing power is commonly called the [[Temporal power (Papal)|temporal power]] of the Pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.
-The '''Apostolic Palace''', also called the '''Sacred Palace''', the '''Papal Palace''' or the '''Palace of the Vatican''', is the official residence of the [[Pope]] in the [[Vatican City]].+The plural ''Papal States'' is usually preferred; the singular ''Papal State'' (equally correct since it was not a mere [[personal union]]) is rather used (normally with lower-case letters) for the modern [[Vatican City|State of Vatican City]], an enclave within Italy's national capital, Rome. Vatican City was founded in 1929, again allowing the [[Holy See]] the political benefits of territorial [[sovereignty]].
-The palace is a complex of buildings, comprising the [[Papal Apartments]], some of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church's]] government offices, a handful of chapels, the [[Vatican Museums]] and the [[Vatican Library]]. In all, there are over 1,000 rooms with the most famous including [[Raphael's Rooms]] and the [[Sistine Chapel]] with its renowned ceiling [[fresco]]es painted by [[Michelangelo]] (restored between 1980 and 1990). 
-The other papal residences are at the [[Lateran Palace]], and the [[Castel Gandolfo]] outside [[Rome]]. The Vatican Palace displaced the Lateran Palace in prominence during the fifteenth century; but it was eclipsed for an extended period by the [[Quirinal Palace]].+== See also ==
 +* [[Avignon Papacy]]
 +* [[Donation of Constantine]]
 +* [[History of Rome]]
 +* [[Holy Roman Empire]]
 +* [[Italian unification]]
 +* [[Prisoner in the Vatican]]
 +* [[War of the Eight Saints]]
 +* [[Captain General of the Church]]
-Before 1871, the [[Quirinal Palace]] was the Pope's official residence. After the final overthrow of the [[Papal States]] in 1870, the [[King of Italy]] confiscated that palace in 1871, making it the King's official residence. After the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946 it became the residence of the President of the Italian Republic. 
- 
-==Popular culture== 
-The Apostolic Palace appears as a Wonder of the World in the [[Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword|Beyond the Sword]] expansion for [[Civilization IV|Sid Meier's Civilization IV]], though the graphic representation is that of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. 
- 
-==See also== 
-*[[Borgia Apartment]] 
-*[[Clementine Hall]] 
-*[[Domus Sanctae Marthae]] 
-*[[Papal Gentlemen]] 
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The Papal State(s), State(s) of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870).

The Papal States comprised territories under direct sovereign rule of the papacy, and at its height it covered most of the modern Italian regions of Romagna, Marche, Umbria and Lazio. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.

The plural Papal States is usually preferred; the singular Papal State (equally correct since it was not a mere personal union) is rather used (normally with lower-case letters) for the modern State of Vatican City, an enclave within Italy's national capital, Rome. Vatican City was founded in 1929, again allowing the Holy See the political benefits of territorial sovereignty.


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