October 19  

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*[[2007]] - ''[[Un roman sentimental]]'', novel by Alain Robbe-Grillet *[[2007]] - ''[[Un roman sentimental]]'', novel by Alain Robbe-Grillet
- 
-*[[202 BC]] - The [[Battle of Zama]] results in the defeat of [[Carthage]] and [[Hannibal Barca|Hannibal]]. 
-* [[439]] - The [[Vandals]], led by King [[Gaiseric]], take [[Carthage]] in [[North Africa]]. 
-*[[1216]] - [[King John of England]] dies at [[Newark-on-Trent]] and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry. 
-*[[1453]] - The French recapture of [[Bordeaux]] brings the [[Hundred Years' War]] to a close, with the English retaining only [[Calais]] on French soil. 
-*[[1466]] - The [[Thirteen Years' War]] ends with the [[Peace of Toruń 1466|Second Treaty of Toruń]]. [[Gdansk Pomerania]] and [[Prussia]] as a whole are incorporated into [[Poland]]; the [[Teutonic Knights]] are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish [[vassal]]s. 
-*[[1469]] - [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] marries [[Isabella of Castile]], a marriage that paves the way to the unification of [[Aragon]] and [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] into a single country, [[Spain]]. 
-*[[1512]] - [[Martin Luther]] becomes a doctor of theology (''Doctor in Biblia'').  
-*[[1781]] - At [[siege of Yorktown|Yorktown, Virginia]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] commander [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] surrendered to a [[France|Franco]]-[[United States|American]] force led by [[George Washington]] and the [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|comte de Rochambeau]], paving the way for the end of the [[American Revolutionary War]]. 
-*[[1789]] - Chief Justice [[John Jay]] is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. 
-*[[1812]] - [[Napoleon I of France]] retreats from [[Moscow]]. 
-*[[1813]] - The [[Battle of Leipzig]] concludes, giving [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] one of his worst defeats. 
-*[[1822]] - In [[Parnaíba]]; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of [[Piauí]]. 
-*[[1864]] - [[Battle of Cedar Creek]] - [[Union Army]] under [[Philip Sheridan]] destroys Confederate Army under [[Jubal Anderson Early|Jubal Early]]. 
-* 1864 - [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] raiders launch an attack on [[Saint Albans, Vermont]] from [[Canada]]. 
-*[[1873]] - [[Yale University|Yale]], [[Princeton University|Princeton]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], and [[Rutgers University|Rutgers]] universities draft the first code of [[American football]] rules. 
-*[[1904]] - [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the [[United States|American]] C.A. O'Reilley. 
-*[[1912]] - [[Italy]] takes possession of [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]]. 
-*[[1914]] - The [[First Battle of Ypres]] begins. 
-*[[1917]] - [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field]] in [[Dallas, Texas]] is opened. 
-*[[1921]] - Portuguese Prime Minister [[António Granjo]] and other politicians are murdered in a [[Lisbon]] coup. 
-*[[1933]] - [[Germany]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]]. 
-*[[1935]] - The [[League of Nations]] places economic sanctions on [[fascist Italy]] for its invasion of [[Ethiopia]]. 
-*[[1943]] - [[Streptomycin]], the first [[antibiotic]] remedy for [[tuberculosis]], is isolated by researchers at [[Rutgers University]].  
-*[[1944]] - [[United States]] forces land in the [[Philippines]]. 
-*[[1950]] - The military of the [[People's Republic of China]] takes control of the town of [[Chamdo]] in eastern [[Tibet]]. 
-*[[1952]] - [[John Bamford]], aged 15, rescues victims of a house fire and becomes the youngest person to have been awarded the [[George Cross]]. 
-*[[1953]] - [[Arthur Godfrey]] fires [[Julius LaRosa]] live on American national TV. 
-*[[1954]] - First ascent of [[Cho Oyu]] 
-*[[1960]] - The [[United States government]] decides to place an [[embargo]] on Communist [[Cuba]]. 
-*[[1967]] - The [[Philadelphia Flyers]] play the first ever hockey game at the new [[Spectrum]], defeating the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] 1-0.  
-*[[1969]] - The first [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] in [[1957|twelve years]], [[Bahi Ladgham]], is appointed by President [[Habib Bourguiba]]. 
-*[[1973]] - President [[Richard Nixon]] rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the [[Watergate tapes]].  
-*[[1974]] - [[Niue Constitution Act 1974 (NZ)|Niue]] becomes self-govering colony of New Zealand  
-*[[1976]] - [[Battle of Aishiya]] in [[Lebanon]]. 
-*[[1982]] - [[John De Lorean]] is arrested for trafficking in [[cocaine]] (later acquitted). 
-*[[1983]] - [[Maurice Bishop]], [[Prime Minister of Grenada|Prime Minister]] of [[Grenada]], is overthrown and executed in a military [[coup d'état]] led by [[Bernard Coard]]. 
-*[[1985]] - The first [[Blockbuster Video]] store opens in [[Dallas, Texas]]. 
-*[[1986]] - [[Samora Machel]], President of [[Mozambique]] and a prominent leader of [[FRELIMO]], and 33 others died when their [[Tupolev 134]] plane crashed into the [[Lebombo Mountains]]. 
-*[[1987]] - In retaliation for [[Iran|Iranian]] attacks on ships in the [[Persian Gulf]], the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] disables three of Iran's offshore [[oil platform]]s. 
-* [[1987]] - ([[Black Monday (1987)|Black Monday]]) [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] falls by 22%. 
-*[[1989]] - [[Guildford Four]] convictions are quashed by the [[Appellate court|Court of Appeal]] - they had spent 15 years in prison through a [[miscarriage of justice]]. 
-*[[1991]] - 7.0 [[Richter Scale]] [[earthquake]] in Northern [[Italy]] - 2000 dead 
-*[[1998]] - The [[Earth Liberation Front]] sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in [[Vail, Colorado]], causing $12 million in damage. 
-*[[2001]] - [[SIEV-X]], an [[Indonesia]]n fishing boat en-route to [[Christmas Island]], carrying over 400 [[asylum seekers]], sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people. 
-*[[2003]] - [[Mother Teresa]] is [[beatified]] by [[Pope John Paul II]]. 
-*[[2004]] - [[Myanmar]] prime minister [[Khin Nyunt]] is ousted and placed under house arrest by the [[Thailand|Thai]] government on charges of corruption. 
-*[[2004]] - [[Care International]] aid worker [[Margaret Hassan]] is kidnapped in [[Iraq]]. 
-*[[2005]] - [[Saddam Hussein]] goes on trial in Baghdad for [[crimes against humanity]]. 
-*[[2005]] - [[Hurricane Wilma]] becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb. 
-*[[2005]] - The last [[Major League Baseball]] game is played at [[Busch Memorial Stadium]]. 
-*[[2006]] - The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] closes above the [[Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average|12,000 mark for the first time]]. 
==Births== ==Births==

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Jonathan Swift Pierre Alechinsky Sir Charles Wheatstone Cesare Lombroso Harry Alan Towers Expo '58 Sharon Redd Miguel Ángel Asturias Patrick Cowley Un roman sentimental John le Carré Don Cherry Umberto Boccioni Auguste and Louis Lumière

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