November 2  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-==Births==+* [[676]] - [[Pope Donus|Donus]] became [[Pope]].
 +*[[1570]] - A [[tidal wave]] in the [[North Sea]] devastates the coast from [[Holland]] to [[Jutland]], killing more than 1,000 people.
 +*[[1675]] - A combined attack by the [[Plymouth Colony|Plymouth]], [[Rhode Island Colony|Rhode Island]], [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|Massachusetts Bay]] and [[Connecticut Colony|Connecticut]] colonies attacks the Great Swamp Fort, owned by the [[Narragansett (tribe)|Narragansetts]] during [[King Philip's War]].
 +*[[1772]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Samuel Adams]] and [[Joseph Warren]] form the first [[Committees of Correspondence|Committee of Correspondence]].
 +*[[1783]] - In [[Rocky Hill, New Jersey]], US General [[George Washington]] gives his "Farewell Address to the Army".
 +*[[1795]] - The [[French Directory]] succeeds the French [[National Convention]] as the government of Revolutionary France.
 +*[[1861]] - [[American Civil War]]: Western Department [[United States|Union]] General [[John C. Fremont]] is relieved of command and replaced by [[David Hunter]].
 +*[[1868]] - [[Time zone]]: [[New Zealand]] officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally
 +*[[1889]] - [[North Dakota|North]] and [[South Dakota]] are admitted as the 39th and 40th [[U.S. state]]s.
 +*[[1895]] - The first gasoline-powered race in the [[United States]]. First prize: $2,000
 +*[[1898]] - [[Cheerleading]] is started at the [[University of Minnesota]] with Johnny Campbell leading the crowd in cheering on the [[American football|football]] team.
 +*[[1899]] - The [[Boers]] started their 118 day [[siege]] of [[United Kingdom|British]] held [[Ladysmith, South Africa|Ladysmith]] during the [[Second Boer War]].
 +*[[1909]] - [[Lambda Chi Alpha]] fraternity is founded at [[Boston University]].
 +*[[1914]] - [[Russia]] declares war on the [[Ottoman Empire]].
 +*[[1917]] - The [[Balfour Declaration 1917|Balfour Declaration]] proclaims support for [[Jew]]ish settlement in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].
 +*[[1920]] - In the [[United States]], [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]] of [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] starts broadcasting as the first commercial [[radio station]]. The first broadcast was the results of the [[U.S. presidential election, 1920]].
 +*[[1930]] - [[Haile Selassie]] is crowned emperor of [[Ethiopia]].
 +*[[1936]] - The [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] is established.
 +* 1936 - [[Italy|Italian]] dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] proclaims the Rome-Berlin Axis, establishing the alliance of the [[Axis Powers]].
 +* 1936 - the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] initiates the [[BBC One|BBC Television Service]], the world's first regular, high-definition (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed BBC1 in [[1964]], the channel still runs to this day.
 +*[[1947]] - In [[California]], Designer [[Howard Hughes]] performs the maiden (and only) flight of the [[Spruce Goose]]; the largest fixed-wing [[aircraft]] ever built.
 +*[[1948]] - [[U.S. presidential election, 1948]]: [[Harry S. Truman]] defeats [[Thomas E. Dewey]] for the [[President of the United States|US presidency]].
 +*[[1953]] - The Constituent Assembly of [[Pakistan]] names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
 +*[[1957]] - The [[Levelland UFO Case]] in [[Levelland, Texas]], generates national publicity, and remains one of the most impressive [[UFO]] cases in American history.
 +*[[1959]] - [[Quiz show scandals]]: ''[[Twenty One (game show)|Twenty One]]'' [[game show]] contestant [[Charles Van Doren]] admits to a [[Congress of the United States|Congressional]] committee that he had been given questions and answers in advance.
 +* 1959 - [[Ice Hockey]]: After being struck in the face with a puck, [[goalkeeper]] [[Jacques Plante]] returns to play wearing a protective mask for the first time in professional play.
 +* 1959 - The first section of the [[M1 motorway]], the first inter-urban [[motorway]] in the [[United Kingdom]], was opened between the present junctions 5 and 18, along with the [[M10 motorway (Great Britain)|M10 motorway]] and [[M45 motorway]]
 +*[[1960]] - [[Penguin Books]] is found not guilty of [[obscenity]] in the ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' case
 +*[[1963]] - [[South Vietnam]]ese President [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Ðình Diệm]] is assassinated following a military [[coup]].
 +*[[1964]] - [[List of kings of Saudi Arabia|King]] [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] was deposed by a family [[coup]], and replaced by his half-brother [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal]].
 +*[[1965]] - [[Norman Morrison]], a 31-year-old [[Quaker]], sets himself on fire in front of the river entrance to [[the Pentagon]] to protest the use of [[napalm]] in the Vietnam war.
 +*[[1966]] - The [[Cuban Adjustment Act]] enters force, allowing 123,000 [[Cuba]]ns the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the [[United States]].
 +*[[1967]] - [[Vietnam War]]: US President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] and "The Wise Men" conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.
 +*[[1973]] - The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and the [[Communist Party of India]] forms a 'United Front' in the state of [[Tripura]].
 +*[[1974]] - 78 die when the Time Go-Go Club in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] burns down. Six of the victims jumped to their deaths from the seventh floor after a club official barred the doors after the fire started.
 +*[[1976]] - [[U.S. presidential election, 1976]]: [[Jimmy Carter]] defeats [[Gerald R. Ford]] for the [[President of the United States|US presidency]], becoming the first U.S. president from the Deep South since [[Reconstruction]].
 +*[[1981]] - [[Antigua and Barbuda]] become independent from the United Kingdom.
 +*[[1982]] - [[Channel 4]] in the United Kingdom was launched.
 +*[[1983]] - U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] signs a bill creating [[Martin Luther King Day]], currently the only national holiday honoring an individual American.
 +*[[1984]] - [[Capital punishment]]: [[Velma Barfield]] becomes the first woman executed in the [[United States]] since [[1962]].
 +*[[1988]] - The [[Morris worm]], the first [[internet]]-distributed [[computer worm]] to gain significant mainstream media attention, was launched from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].
 +*[[1991]] - [[Patriarch Bartholomew I|Bartholomew I]] becomes the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]].
 +*[[1995]] - Former [[South Africa]]n defence minister General [[Magnus Malan]] and 10 other former senior military officers are arrested and charged with murdering 13 black people in [[1987]], (all the accused are later acquitted).
 +*[[2000]] - The first crew arrives at the [[International Space Station]].
-==Deaths==+== Births ==
 +*[[1082]] - [[Emperor Huizong (Song Dynasty)|Emperor Huizong of China]] (d. [[1135]])
 +*[[1636]] - [[Edward Colston]], English merchant and philanthropist (d. [[1721]])
 +*[[1667]] - [[James Sobieski]], Crown Prince of Poland (d. [[1737]])
 +*[[1692]] - [[Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer]], Dutch composer (d. [[1766]])
 +*[[1696]] - [[Conrad Weiser]], Pennsylvania's ambassador to the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] (d. [[1760]])
 +*[[1699]] - [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin]], French painter (d. [[1779]])
 +*[[1709]] - [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange]] (d. [[1759]])
 +*[[1734]] - [[Daniel Boone]], American frontiersman (d. [[1820]])
 +*[[1739]] - [[Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf]], Austrian composer (d. [[1799]])
 +*[[1741]] - [[Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol]], Dutch politician (d. [[1784]])
 +*[[1755]] - [[Marie Antoinette of Austria|Marie Antoinette]], Queen of France (d. [[1793]])
 +*[[1766]] - [[Joseph Radetzky von Radetz]], Austrian field marshal (d. [[1858]])
 +*[[1777]] - [[Fortunat Alojzy Gonzaga Żółkowski]], Polish actor (d. [[1822]])
 +*[[1795]] - [[James Knox Polk]], 11th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1849]])
 +*[[1808]] - [[Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly]], French writer (d. [[1889]])
 +*[[1815]] - [[George Boole]], English mathematician and philosopher (d. [[1864]])
 +*[[1821]] - [[George Ferguson Bowen|Sir George Bowen]], British provincial governor (d. [[1899]])
 +*[[1837]] - [[Émile Bayard]], French artist, illustrator (d. ([[1891]])
 +*[[1844]] - [[Mehmed V]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1918]])
 +*[[1865]] - [[Warren G. Harding]], 29th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1923]])
 +*[[1877]] - [[Joseph De Piro]], Maltese founder of the Missionary Society of St. Paul (d. [[1933]])
 +* 1877 - [[Victor Trumper]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1915]])
 +* 1877 - [[Aga Khan III]], Shia Imam (d. [[1957]])
 +*[[1883]] - [[Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve]], cardinal and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|archbishop of Quebec]] (d. [[1947]])
 +*[[1885]] - [[Harlow Shapley]], American astronomer (d. [[1972]])
 +*[[1886]] - [[Dhirendranath Datta]], Bangladeshi politician (d. [[1971]])
 +*[[1892]] - [[Alice Brady]], [[Academy Award]]-winning [[United States|American]] [[actress]] (d. [[1939]])
 +*[[1893]] - [[Battista Farina]], founder of Pininfarina company (d. [[1966]])
 +*[[1894]] - [[Alexander Lippisch]], German scientist (d. [[1976]])
 +*[[1903]] - [[Travis Jackson]], American baseball player (d. [[1987]])
 +*[[1905]] - [[James Dunn (actor)|James Dunn]], American actor (d. [[1967]])
 +*[[1906]] - [[Daniil Andreev]], Russian poet (d. [[1959]])
 +* 1906 - [[Luchino Visconti]], Italian director (d. [[1976]])
 +*[[1908]] - [[Fred Bakewell]], English cricketer (d. [[1983]])
 +*[[1910]] - [[Fouad Serageddin]], Egyptian politician (d. [[1999]])
 +*[[1911]] - [[Odysseus Elytis]], Greek writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1996]])
 +* 1911 - [[Raphael Robinson]], US mathematician (d. [[1995]])
 +*[[1913]] - [[Burt Lancaster]], American actor (d. [[1994]])
 +*[[1914]] - [[Johnny Vander Meer]], baseball player (d. [[1997]])
 +*[[1915]] - [[Sidney Luft]], American movie director (d. [[2005]])
 +*[[1920]] - [[Ann Rutherford]], American actress
 +*[[1921]] - [[Shepard Menken]], American voice actor (d. [[1999]])
 +* 1921 - [[Bill Mosienko]], [[National Hockey League]] player (d. [[1994]])
 +*[[1924]] - [[Father David Bauer]], Canadian [[ice hockey]] player (d. [[1988]])
 +*[[1927]] - [[Steve Ditko]], American artist
 +*[[1929]] - [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]], [[President of Pakistan]]
 +* 1929 - [[Richard E. Taylor]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
 +*[[1934]] - [[Bill Gothard]], American speaker
 +* 1934 - [[Ken Rosewall]], Australian tennis player
 +*[[1936]] - [[Jack Starrett]], American actor and director (d. [[1989]])
 +* 1936 - [[Abdullah the Butcher]], wrestler
 +*[[1937]] - [[Earl Carroll]], lead vocalist of [[The Cadillacs]]
 +*[[1938]] - [[Pat Buchanan]], American journalist and politician
 +* 1938 - [[Queen Sofia of Spain]]
 +* 1938 - [[Jay Black]], American singer ([[Jay and the Americans]])
 +*[[1940]] - [[Jim Bakken]], American football player
 +*[[1941]] - [[Bruce Welch]], English musician and songwriter ([[The Shadows]])
 +*[[1942]] - [[Shere Hite]], American author
 +* 1942 - [[Stefanie Powers]], American actress
 +*[[1944]] - [[Keith Emerson]], British keyboardist and composer ([[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]])
 +* 1944 - [[Patrice Chéreau]], French director, actor and producer
 +*[[1946]] - [[Alan Jones (Formula 1)|Alan Jones]], Australian race car driver
 +* 1946 - [[Giuseppe Sinopoli]], Italian conductor and composer (d. [[2001]])
 +*[[1949]] - [[Simon Augustini]], Albanian politician
 +*[[1951]] - [[Thomas Mallon]], American novelist and critic
 +* 1951 - [[Lindy Morrison]], Australian musician ([[The Go-Betweens]])
 +*[[1952]] - [[Maxine Nightingale]], English singer
 +*[[1954]] - [[Pat Croce]], American entrepreneur
 +*[[1955]] - [[Chris Burnett]], American musician
 +*[[1957]] - [[Carter Beauford]], American drummer ([[Dave Matthews Band]])
 +*[[1958]] - [[Willie McGee]], American baseball player
 +*[[1960]] - [[Tihomir Blaškić]], Croatian war criminal
 +* 1961 - [[k.d. lang]], Canadian musician
 +*[[1962]] - [[Mireille Delunsch]], French soprano
 +*[[1963]] - [[Craig Saavedra]], American filmmaker
 +*[[1964]] - [[Britta Lejon]], Swedish politician
 +*[[1965]] - [[Shahrukh Khan]], Indian actor
 +*[[1966]] - [[Tim Kirkman]], American filmmaker
 +*[[1967]] - [[Kurt Elling]], American jazz vocalist
 +* 1967 - [[Marc van Roon]], Dutch improvising musician
 +*[[1968]] - [[Ultra Naté]], American musician
 +*[[1969]] - [[Reginald Arvizu]], American bassist ([[Korn|KoЯn]])
 +*[[1970]] - [[Sharmell Sullivan]], American professional wrestling valet
 +*[[1972]] - [[Samantha Janus]], British entertainer
 +* 1972 - [[Darío Silva]], Uruguayan footballer
 +* 1972 - [[Vladimir Vorobiev]], Russian ice hockey player
 +*[[1973]] - [[Marisol Nichols]], American actress
 +*[[1974]] - [[Prodigy (rapper)|Prodigy]], American rapper ([[Mobb Deep]])
 +* 1974 - [[Orlando Cabrera]], Colombian baseball player
 +* 1974 - [[Stéphane Sarrazin]], French [[rallying|rally]] driver
 +*[[1974]] - [[Nelly]], American rapper
 +* 1975 - [[Chris Walla]], American musician ([[Death Cab for Cutie]])
 +*[[1976]] - [[Sidney Ponson]], Aruban baseball player
 +*[[1977]] - [[Randy Harrison]], American actor
 +* 1977 - [[Jason Cerbone]], American actor ([[The Sopranos]])
 +*[[1978]] - [[Vitor "Shaolin" Ribeiro]], Brazilian mixed-martial artist and [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] world champion
 +*[[1979]] - [[Julie Lund]], Danish actress
 +*[[1980]] - [[Kim So-yeon]], South Korean actress
 +*[[1981]] - [[Wilson Betemit]], Dominican baseball player
 +* 1981 - [[Avy Scott]], American actress
 +*[[1982]] - [[Kyoko Fukada]], Japanese actress, model and singer
 +*[[1984]] - [[Julia Stegner]], German supermodel
 +*[[1986]] - [[Erika Jo]], American musician
 +*[[1986]] - [[Lara Sacher]], Australian actress
 +*[[1988]] - [[Lindze Letherman]], American actress ([[General Hospital]])
 +*[[1989]] - [[Katelyn Tarver]], American singer
 +<!--
 +Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list
 +Do not trust “this year in history” websites for accurate date information
 +Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
 +-->
 + 
 +== Deaths ==
 +* [[943]] - Queen [[Emma of France]], (b. [[894]])
 +*[[1083]] - [[Matilda of Flanders]], [[Queen consort]] (b. [[1031]])
 +*[[1285]] - King [[Peter III of Aragon]] (b. [[1239]])
 +*[[1327]] - King [[James II of Aragon]] (b. [[1267]])
 +*[[1483]] - [[Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]], English politician (b. [[1454]])
 +*[[1610]] - [[Richard Bancroft]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1544]])
 +*[[1618]] - Archduke [[Maximilian III of Austria]] (b. [[1568]])
 +*[[1716]] - [[Engelbert Kaempfer]], German physician and traveler (b. [[1651]])
 +*[[1807]] - [[Baron de Breteuil]], French statesman (b. [[1730]])
 +*[[1852]] - [[Pyotr Kotlyarevsky]], Russian general (b. [[1782]])
 +*[[1863]] - [[Theodore Judah]], American railroad engineer (b. [[1826]])
 +*[[1877]] - [[Friedrich Graf von Wrangel]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1784]])
 +*[[1887]] - [[Jenny Lind]], Swedish soprano (b. [[1820]])
 +*[[1898]] - [[George Goyder]], English-born surveyor-general of South Australia (b. [[1826]])
 +*[[1905]] - [[Albert von Kölliker]], Swiss anatomist (b. [[1817]])
 +*[[1935]] - [[Jock Cameron]], South African cricketer (b. [[1905]])
 +*[[1944]] - [[Thomas Midgley]], American chemist and inventor (b. [[1889]])
 +*[[1945]] - [[Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880-1945)|Princess Thyra]], daughter of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]] (b. [[1880]])
 +*[[1949]] - [[Jerome F. Donovan]], American politician (b. [[1872]])
 +*[[1950]] - [[George Bernard Shaw]], Irish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1856]])
 +*[[1960]] - [[Dimitris Mitropoulos]], Greek conductor and composer (b. [[1896]])
 +*[[1961]] - [[James Thurber]], American humorist (b. [[1894]])
 +*[[1963]] - [[Ngo Dihn Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm]], President of South Vietnam (b. [[1901]])
 +*[[1966]] - [[Peter Debye]], Dutch chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1884]])
 +* 1966 - [[Mississippi John Hurt]], American blues singer (b. [[1892]])
 +*[[1970]] - [[Richard Cardinal Cushing]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|archbishop of Boston]] (b. [[1895]])
 +*[[1975]] - [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]], Italian film director (b. [[1922]])
 +*[[1979]] - [[Jacques Mesrine]], French criminal (b. [[1936]])
 + 
 +*[[1984]] - [[Velma Barfield]], American murderer (b. [[1932]])
 +*[[1986]] - [[Paul Frees]], American voice actor (b. [[1920]])
 +*[[1991]] - [[Mort Shuman]], American singer and songwriter (b. [[1936]])
 +* 1991 - [[Irwin Allen]], American film producer (b. [[1916]])
 +*[[1992]] - [[Hal Roach]], American director and producer (b. [[1892]])
 +*[[1996]] - [[Eva Cassidy]], American singer (b. [[1963]])
 +*[[1998]] - [[Vincent Winter]], British actor (b. [[1957]])
 +*[[2002]] - [[Tonio Selwart]], German actor (b. [[1896]])
 +* 2002 - [[Charles Sheffield]], American author and physicist (b. [[1935]])
 +*[[2003]] - [[Frank McCloskey]], American politician (b. [[1939]])
 +*[[2004]] - Sheikh [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan]], President of the United Arab Emirates (b. [[1918]])
 +* 2004 - [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]], Dutch filmmaker (b. [[1957]])
 +* 2004 - [[Gerrie Knetemann]], Dutch cyclist (b. [[1951]])
==Notes== ==Notes==
Gershon Legman Gershon Legman

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