Niccolò Machiavelli
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- | [[Image:Image:Niccolò Machiavelli|thumb|right|200px|[[Niccolò Machiavelli]] by [[Goya]]]] [[Category:PD]] | + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" |
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+ | "[[Allan Gilbert]], for exemple, translates ''[[umori]]'' as "factions", "parties", "divisions", "traits", "disagreements", "partisan hatred", "partisan view", "partisanship", ..." --''[[Machiavelli: Figure-reputation]]'' edited by [[Menno Spiering]] | ||
+ | <hr> | ||
+ | "The [[humors]] of faction Machiavelli often employed organic or biological notions of polities subject to infirmities or diseases (such ... The essential point, as Parel has observed, was that Machiavelli's political ''[[umori]]'' imbibed the Galenic medical" --''[[An Intellectual History of Political Corruption]]'' (2014), page 90, [[B. Buchan, L. Hill]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | [[Image:Niccolò Machiavelli.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Niccolò Machiavelli]] (Detail of [[1500]] portrait of Niccolò Machiavelli by [[Santi di Tito]])]] | ||
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- | '''Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli''' ([[May 3]], [[1469]] – [[June 21]], [[1527]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[political philosophy|political philosopher]], [[musician]], [[poet]], and romantic comedic [[playwright]]. He is a figure of the [[Italian Renaissance]] and a central figure of its political component, most widely known for his treatises on [[Realism (international relations)|realist]] political theory (''[[The Prince]]'') on the one hand and [[republicanism]] (''[[Discourses on Livy]]'') on the other. | ||
- | ===Other works=== | ||
- | Machiavelli also wrote plays (''Clizia'', ''[[Mandragola]]''), poetry (''Sonetti'', ''Canzoni'', ''Ottave'', ''Canti carnascialeschi'') and novels (''Belfagor arcidiavolo'') as well as translating classical works. | + | '''Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli''' (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an [[Italians|Italian]] diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, [[Renaissance humanism|humanist]], writer, playwright and poet of the [[Renaissance]] period. He has often been called the father of modern [[political science]]. For many years he was a senior official in the [[Florentine Republic]], with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned by Italian scholars. He was secretary to the Second [[wikt:chancery|Chancery]] of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the [[Medici]] were out of power. He wrote his best-known work ''[[The Prince]]'' (''Il Principe'') in 1513, having been exiled from city affairs. |
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+ | ''[[Machiavellianism]]'' is widely used as a negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli described most famously in ''The Prince.'' Machiavelli described immoral behavior, such as dishonesty and the killing of innocents, as being normal and effective in politics. He even seemed to encourage it in some situations. The book gained notoriety due to claims that it teaches "evil recommendations to tyrants to help them maintain their power". | ||
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+ | The term ''Machiavellian'' is often associated with political [[deceit]], [[devious]]ness, and [[realpolitik]]. On the other hand, many commentators, such as [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] and [[Denis Diderot]], have argued that Machiavelli was actually a [[Republicanism|republican]], even when writing ''The Prince'', and his writings were an inspiration to Enlightenment proponents of modern [[Democracy|democratic]] political philosophy. In one place, for example, he noted his admiration for the selfless [[Roman Republic|Roman]] [[dictator of Rome|dictator]] [[Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus|Cincinnatus]]. | ||
- | *''Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa'' (1499) | ||
- | *''Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati'' (1502) | ||
- | *''Del modo tenuto dal duca Valentino nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, etc.'' (''Description of the Methods Adopted by the Duke Valentino when Murdering Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, the Signor Pagolo, and the Duke di Gravina Orsini'', 1502) | ||
- | *''Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro'' (1502) | ||
- | *''Decennale primo'' (1506, poem in [[terza rima]]) | ||
- | *''Ritratti delle cose dell'Alemagna'' (1508-1512) | ||
- | *''Decennale secondo'' (1509) | ||
- | *''Ritratti delle cose di Francia'' (1510) | ||
- | *''Andria'' (1517, comedy translated from [[Terence]]) | ||
- | *''[[Mandragola]]'' (''[[The Mandrake]]'' - 1518, prose comedy in five acts, with prologue in verse) | ||
- | *''Della lingua'' (1514, dialogue) | ||
- | *''Clizia'' (1525, comedy in prose) | ||
- | *''[[Belfagor arcidiavolo]]'' (1515, novel) | ||
- | *''Asino d'oro'' (''[[The Golden Ass (Machiavelli)|The Golden Ass]]'' - 1517, poem in terza rima, a new version of the [[The Golden Ass|classic work]] by [[Apuleius]]) | ||
- | *''Dell'arte della guerra'' (''[[The Art of War (Machiavelli)|The Art of War]]'', 1519-1520) | ||
- | *''Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze'' (1520) | ||
- | *''Sommario delle cose della citta di Lucca'' (1520) | ||
- | *''Vita di [[Castruccio Castracani]] da Lucca'' (''The Life of Castruccio Castracani of Lucca'', 1520) | ||
- | *''Istorie fiorentine'' (''[[Florentine Histories]]'' - 8 books, 1520-1525, commissioned by Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici who went on to become [[Pope Clement VII]]). | ||
- | *''Frammenti storici'' (1525) | ||
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Revision as of 16:37, 9 February 2019
"Allan Gilbert, for exemple, translates umori as "factions", "parties", "divisions", "traits", "disagreements", "partisan hatred", "partisan view", "partisanship", ..." --Machiavelli: Figure-reputation edited by Menno Spiering "The humors of faction Machiavelli often employed organic or biological notions of polities subject to infirmities or diseases (such ... The essential point, as Parel has observed, was that Machiavelli's political umori imbibed the Galenic medical" --An Intellectual History of Political Corruption (2014), page 90, B. Buchan, L. Hill |
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Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science. For many years he was a senior official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned by Italian scholars. He was secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. He wrote his best-known work The Prince (Il Principe) in 1513, having been exiled from city affairs.
Machiavellianism is widely used as a negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli described most famously in The Prince. Machiavelli described immoral behavior, such as dishonesty and the killing of innocents, as being normal and effective in politics. He even seemed to encourage it in some situations. The book gained notoriety due to claims that it teaches "evil recommendations to tyrants to help them maintain their power".
The term Machiavellian is often associated with political deceit, deviousness, and realpolitik. On the other hand, many commentators, such as Baruch Spinoza, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diderot, have argued that Machiavelli was actually a republican, even when writing The Prince, and his writings were an inspiration to Enlightenment proponents of modern democratic political philosophy. In one place, for example, he noted his admiration for the selfless Roman dictator Cincinnatus.