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| | + | The following is a complete list of winners of the [[National Book Awards]]. |
| | | | |
| - | '''''Underworld''''' is a [[postmodern literature|postmodern]] [[novel]] written in [[1997 in literature|1997]] by [[Don DeLillo]]. It was nominated for the [[National Book Award]], is one of his better-known novels, and was a best-seller. | + | === Current categories === |
| | + | ====Fiction====<!-- This section is linked from [[Webster Groves, Missouri]] --> |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1950]]''' || [[Nelson Algren]]||''[[The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)|The Man with the Golden Arm]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1951]]''' || [[William Faulkner]] ||''[[The Collected Stories of William Faulkner]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1952]]''' || [[James Jones (author)|James Jones]] ||''[[From Here to Eternity (novel)|From Here to Eternity]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1953]]''' || [[Ralph Ellison]]||''[[Invisible Man]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1954]]''' || [[Saul Bellow]] ||''[[The Adventures of Augie March]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1955]]''' || [[William Faulkner]] ||''[[A Fable]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1956]]''' || [[John O'Hara]] ||''[[Ten North Frederick]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1957]]''' || [[Wright Morris]] ||''[[The Field of Vision]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1958]]''' || [[John Cheever]] ||''[[The Wapshot Chronicle]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1959]]''' || [[Bernard Malamud]] ||''[[The Magic Barrel]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1960]]'''||[[Philip Roth]]||''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1961]]'''||[[Conrad Richter]]||''[[The Waters of Kronos]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1962]]'''||[[Walker Percy]]||''[[The Moviegoer]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1963]]'''||[[J. F. Powers]]||''[[Morte D'Urban]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1964]]'''||[[John Updike]]||''[[The Centaur]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1965]]'''||[[Saul Bellow]]||''[[Herzog (novel)|Herzog]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1966]]'''||[[Katherine Anne Porter]]||''[[The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]'''||[[Bernard Malamud]]||''[[The Fixer (Malamud novel)|The Fixer]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968]]'''||[[Thornton Wilder]]||''[[The Eighth Day (novel)|The Eighth Day]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]'''||[[Jerzy Kosinski]]||''[[Steps (novel)|Steps]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]'''||[[Joyce Carol Oates]]||''[[Them (novel)|them]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]'''||[[Saul Bellow]]||''[[Mr. Sammler's Planet]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Flannery O'Connor]]||''[[The Complete Stories of Flannery O'Connor]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[John Barth]]||''[[Chimera (John Barth novel)|Chimera]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[John Edward Williams]]||''[[Augustus (novel)|Augustus]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Thomas Pynchon]]||''[[Gravity's Rainbow]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Isaac Bashevis Singer]]||''[[A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Robert Stone]]||''[[Dog Soldiers (novel)|Dog Soldiers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Thomas Williams]]||''[[The Hair of Harold Roux]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976]]'''||[[William Gaddis]]||''[[J R]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]'''||[[Wallace Stegner]]||''[[The Spectator Bird]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]'''||[[Mary Lee Settle]]||''Blood Tie'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]'''||[[Tim O'Brien (author)|Tim O'Brien]]||''[[Going After Cacciato]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] '''||[[William Styron]]||''[[Sophie's Choice (novel)|Sophie's Choice]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] '''||[[John Irving]]||''[[The World According to Garp]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] '''||[[Wright Morris]]||''[[Plains Song]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] '''||[[John Cheever]]||''[[The Stories of John Cheever]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] '''||[[John Updike]]||''[[Rabbit is Rich]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] '''||[[William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.|William Maxwell]]||''[[So Long, See You Tomorrow]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] '''||[[Alice Walker]]||''[[The Color Purple]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] '''||[[Eudora Welty]]||''[[Collected Stories of Eudora Welty]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1984]]'''||[[Ellen Gilchrist]]||''[[Victory Over Japan: A Book of Stories]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1985]]'''||[[Don DeLillo]]||''[[White Noise (novel)|White Noise]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1986]]'''||[[E.L. Doctorow]]||''[[World's Fair (novel)|World's Fair]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1987]]'''||[[Larry Heinemann]]||''[[Paco's Story]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1988]]'''||[[Pete Dexter]]||''[[Paris Trout]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1989]]'''||[[John Casey (novelist)|John Casey]]||''[[Spartina (novel)|Spartina]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1990]]'''||[[Charles R. Johnson|Charles Johnson]]||''[[Middle Passage (novel)|Middle Passage]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1991]]'''||[[Norman Rush]]||''[[Mating (novel)|Mating]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1992]]'''||[[Cormac McCarthy]]||''[[All the Pretty Horses]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1993]]'''||[[E. Annie Proulx]]||''[[The Shipping News]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1994]]'''||[[William Gaddis]]||''[[A Frolic of His Own]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1995]]'''||[[Philip Roth]]||''[[Sabbath's Theater]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1996]]'''||[[Andrea Barrett]]||''[[Ship Fever and Other Stories]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1997]]'''||[[Charles Frazier]]||''[[Cold Mountain (novel)|Cold Mountain]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1998]]'''||[[Alice McDermott]]||''[[Charming Billy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1999]]'''||[[Ha Jin]]||''[[Waiting (novel)|Waiting]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2000]]'''||[[Susan Sontag]]||''[[In America (Sontag)|In America]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2001]]'''||[[Jonathan Franzen]]||''[[The Corrections]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2002]]'''||[[Julia Glass]]||''[[Three Junes]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2003]]'''||[[Shirley Hazzard]]||''[[The Great Fire (novel)|The Great Fire]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2004]]'''||[[Lily Tuck]]||''[[The News from Paraguay]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2005]]'''|| [[William Vollmann]] ||''[[Europe Central]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2006]]'''||[[Richard Powers]]||''[[The Echo Maker]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2007]]'''||[[Denis Johnson]]||''[[Tree of Smoke]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2008]]'''||[[Peter Matthiessen]]||''[[Shadow Country]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | A survey of eminent authors and critics conducted by ''[[The New York Times]]'' found ''Underworld '' the runner-up to best work of American fiction of the past 25 years; it garnered 11 of 125 votes, finishing behind only [[Toni Morrison]]'s ''[[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]]'' (15 votes). | + | ==== Nonfiction ==== |
| - | ==Plot introduction== | + | {| |
| - | ''Underworld'' is a non-linear narrative that has many intertwined themes. A central character is Nick Shay, a [[waste management]] executive, who leads an undirected existence in late 20th century [[United States|America]]. His wife, Marian, is having an affair with one of his friends. | + | |'''[[1950]]'''||[[Ralph L. Rusk]]||''Ralph Waldo Emerson'' (article on [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1951]]'''||[[Newton Arvin]]||''Herman Melville'' (article on [[Herman Melville]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1952]]'''||[[Rachel Carson]]||''[[The Sea Around Us]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1953]]'''||[[Bernard A. DeVoto]]||''[[The Course of Empire (book)|The Course of Empire]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1954]]'''||[[Bruce Catton]]||''[[A Stillness at Appomattox]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1955]]'''||[[Joseph Wood Krutch]]||''[[The Measure of Man]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1956]]'''||[[Herbert Kubly]]||''[[An American in Italy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1957]]'''||[[George F. Kennan]]||''[[Russia Leaves the War]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1958]]'''||[[Catherine Drinker Bowen]]||''[[The Lion and the Throne]]'' (article on [[Edward Coke]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1959]]'''||[[J. Christopher Herold]]||''[[Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame De Stael]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1960]]'''||[[Richard Ellmann]]||''James Joyce'' (article on [[James Joyce]]} |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1961]]'''||[[William L. Shirer]]||''[[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1962]]'''||[[Lewis Mumford]]||''[[The City in History: Its Origins, its Transformations and its Prospects]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1963]]'''||[[Leon Edel]]||''[[Henry James, Vol. II: The Conquest of London, Henry James, Vol. III: The Middle Years]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1984]]'''||[[Robert V. Remini]]||''[[Andrew Jackson & the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845]]'' (article on [[Andrew Jackson]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1985]]'''||[[J. Anthony Lukas]]||''[[Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1986]]'''||[[Barry Lopez]]||''[[Arctic Dreams]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1987]]'''||[[Richard Rhodes]]||''[[The Making of the Atomic Bomb]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1988]]'''||[[Neil Sheehan]]||''[[A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam]]'' (article on [[John Paul Vann]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1989]]'''||[[Thomas L. Friedman]]||''[[From Beirut to Jerusalem]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1990]]'''||[[Ron Chernow]]||''[[The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1991]]'''||[[Orlando Patterson]]||''Freedom'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1992]]'''||[[Paul Monette]]||''[[Becoming a Man: Half a Life Story]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1993]]'''||[[Gore Vidal]]||''[[United States: Essays 1952-1992]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1994]]'''||[[Sherwin B. Nuland]]||''[[How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1995]]'''||[[Tina Rosenberg]]||''[[The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1996]]'''||[[James P. Carroll]]||''[[An American Requiem: God, My Father, and the War that Came Between Us]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1997]]'''||[[Joseph J. Ellis]]||''[[American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1998]]'''||[[Edward Ball (American author)|Edward Ball]]||''[[Slaves in the Family]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1999]]'''||[[John W. Dower]]||''[[Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2000]]'''||[[Nathaniel Philbrick]]||''[[In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2001]]'''||[[Andrew Solomon]]||''[[The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2002]]'''||[[Robert A. Caro]]||''[[Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2003]]'''||[[Carlos Eire]]||''[[Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2004]]'''||[[Kevin Boyle]]||''[[Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age]]''<ref> ISBN 0-8050-7933-5; ISBN 978-0-8050-7933-3.</ref> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2005]]'''||[[Joan Didion]]||''[[The Year of Magical Thinking]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2006]]'''||[[Timothy Egan]]||''[[The Worst Hard Time|The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2007]]'''||[[Tim Weiner]]||''[[Legacy of Ashes|Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2008]]'''||[[Annette Gordon-Reed]]||''[[The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | The events of the novel span from the 1950s through the 1990s. The characters in the book respond to several real-life events, including the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] and [[nuclear proliferation]]. | + | ==== Poetry ==== |
| | + | ''See: '''[[National Book Award for Poetry]]''''' |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1950 in poetry|1950]]||'''||[[William Carlos Williams]]||''[[Paterson: Book III and Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1951 in poetry|1951]]||'''||[[Wallace Stevens]]||''[[The Auroras of Autumn]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1952 in poetry|1952]]||'''||[[Marianne Moore]]||''[[Collected Poems (Marianne Moore)|Collected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1953 in poetry|1953]]||'''||[[Archibald MacLeish]]||''[[Collected Poems, 1917-1952]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1954 in poetry|1954]]||'''||[[Conrad Aiken]]||''[[Collected Poems (Conrad Aiken)|Collected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1955 in poetry|1955]]||'''||[[Wallace Stevens]]||''[[The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1956 in poetry|1956]]||'''||[[W. H. Auden]]||''[[The Shield of Achilles]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1957 in poetry|1957]]||'''||[[Richard Wilbur]]||''[[Things of This World]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1958 in poetry|1958]]||'''||[[Robert Penn Warren]]||''[[Promises: Poems, 1954-1956]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1959 in poetry|1959]]||'''||[[Theodore Roethke]]||''[[Words for the Wind]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1960 in poetry|1960]]||'''||[[Robert Lowell]]||''[[Life Studies]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1961 in poetry|1961]]||'''||[[Randall Jarrell]]||''[[The Woman at the Washington Zoo]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1962 in poetry|1962]]||'''||[[Alan Dugan]]||''[[Poems (Dugan)|Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1963 in poetry|1963]]||'''||[[William Stafford (poet)|William Stafford]]||''[[Traveling Through the Dark]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1964 in poetry|1964]]||'''||[[John Crowe Ransom]]||''[[Selected Poems (J. C. Ransom)|Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1965 in poetry|1965]]||'''||[[Theodore Roethke]]||''[[The Far Field]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1966 in poetry|1966]]||'''||[[James Dickey]]||''[[Buckdancer's Choice]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967 in poetry|1967]]||'''||[[James Merrill]]||''[[Nights and Days (book)|Nights and Days]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968 in poetry|1968]]||'''||[[Robert Bly]]||''[[The Light Around the Body]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1969 in poetry|1969]]||'''||[[John Berryman]]||''[[His Toy, His Dream, His Rest]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1970 in poetry|1970]]||'''||[[Elizabeth Bishop]]||''[[The Complete Poems (Bishop)|The Complete Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971 in poetry|1971]]||'''||[[Mona Van Duyn]]||''[[To See, To Take]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972 in poetry|1972]]||'''||[[Frank O'Hara]]||''[[The Collected Works of Frank O'Hara]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972 in poetry|1972]]||'''||[[Howard Moss]]||''[[Selected Poems (Howard Moss)|Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973 in poetry|1973]]||'''||[[A. R. Ammons]]||''[[Collected Poems, 1951-1971]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974 in poetry|1974]]||'''||[[Allen Ginsberg]]||''[[The Fall of America: Poems of these States, 1965-1971]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974 in poetry|1974]]||'''||[[Adrienne Rich]]||''[[Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975 in poetry|1975]]||'''||[[Marilyn Hacker]]||''[[Presentation Piece]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976 in poetry|1976]]||'''||[[John Ashbery]]||''[[Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1977 in poetry|1977]]||'''||[[Richard Eberhart]]||''[[Collected Poems, 1930-1976]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978 in poetry|1978]]||'''||[[Howard Nemerov]]||''[[The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979 in poetry|1979]]||'''||[[James Merrill]]||''[[Mirabell: Book of Numbers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980 in poetry|1980]]||'''||[[Philip Levine (poet)|Philip Levine]]||''[[Ashes: Poems New and Old]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981 in poetry|1981]]||'''||[[Lisel Mueller]]||''[[The Need to Hold Still]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982 in poetry|1982]]||'''||[[William Bronk]]||''[[Life Supports: New and Collected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983 in poetry|1983]]||'''||[[Galway Kinnell]]||''[[Selected Poems (Galway Kinnell)|Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983 in poetry|1983]]||'''||[[Charles Wright (poet)|Charles Wright]]||''[[Country Music: Selected Early Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1985 in poetry|1985]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1986 in poetry|1986]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1987 in poetry|1987]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1988 in poetry|1988]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1989 in poetry|1989]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1990 in poetry|1990]]||'''||No Award |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1991 in poetry|1991]]||'''||[[Philip Levine (poet)|Philip Levine]]||''[[What Work Is]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1992 in poetry|1992]]||'''||[[Mary Oliver]]||''[[New & Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1993 in poetry|1993]]||'''||[[A. R. Ammons]]||''[[Garbage (book)|Garbage]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1994 in poetry|1994]]||'''||[[James Tate (writer)|James Tate]]||[[A Worshipful Company of Fletchers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1995 in poetry|1995]]||'''||[[Stanley Kunitz]]||''[[Passing Through: The Later Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1996 in poetry|1996]]||'''||[[Hayden Carruth]]||''[[Scrambled Eggs & Whiskey]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1997 in poetry|1997]]||'''||[[William Morris Meredith, Jr.]]||''[[Effort at Speech: New & Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1998 in poetry|1998]]||'''||[[Gerald Stern]]||''[[This Time: New and Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1999 in poetry|1999]]||'''||[[Ai (poet)|Ai]]||''[[Vice: New & Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2000 in poetry|2000]]||'''||[[Lucille Clifton]]||''[[Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988-2000]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2001 in poetry|2001]]||'''||[[Alan Dugan]]||''[[Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2002 in poetry|2002]]||'''||[[Ruth Stone]]||''[[In the Next Galaxy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2003 in poetry|2003]]||'''||[[C. K. Williams]]||''[[The Singing (poems)|The Singing]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2004 in poetry|2004]]||'''||[[Jean Valentine]]||''[[Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965-2003]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2005 in poetry|2005]]||'''||[[W. S. Merwin]]||''[[Migration: New & Selected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2006 in poetry|2006]]||'''||[[Nathaniel Mackey]]||''[[Splay Anthem]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2007 in poetry|2007]]||'''||[[Robert Hass]]||''[[Time and Materials: Poems, 1997-2005]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2008 in poetry|2008]]||'''||[[Mark Doty]]||''[[Fire to Fire: New and Collected Poems]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | The novel is divided into eight sections: | + | ==== Young People's Literature ==== |
| - | #Prologue – The Triumph of Death | + | {| |
| - | #Part 1 – Long Tall Sally (Spring-Summer 1992) | + | |'''[[1996]]'''||[[Victor Martinez]]||''[[Parrott In the Oven: MiVida]]'' |
| - | #Part 2 – Elegy for Left Hand Alone (Mid-1980s – Early 1990s) | + | |- |
| - | #Part 3 – The Cloud of Unknowing (Spring 1978) | + | |'''[[1997]]'''||[[Han Nolan]]||''[[Dancing on the Edge]]'' |
| - | #Part 4 – Cocksucker Blues (Summer 1974) | + | |- |
| - | #Part 5 – Better Things for Better Living Through Chemistry (Selected Fragments Public and Private in the 1950s and 1960s) | + | |'''[[1998]]'''||[[Louis Sachar]]||''[[Holes (book)|Holes]]'' |
| - | #Part 6 – Arrangement in Gray and Black (Fall 1951 – Summer 1952) | + | |- |
| - | #Epilogue – Das Kapital | + | |'''[[1999]]'''||[[Kimberly Willis Holt]]||''[[When Zachary Beaver Came to Town]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2000]]'''||[[Gloria Whelan]]||''[[Homeless Bird]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2001]]'''||[[Virginia Euwer Wolff]]||''[[True Believer]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2002]]'''||[[Nancy Farmer (author)|Nancy Farmer]]||''[[The House of the Scorpion]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2003]]'''||[[Polly Horvath]]||''[[The Canning Season]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2004]]'''||[[Pete Hautman]]||''[[Godless (novel)|Godless]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[2005]]'''||[[Jeanne Birdsall]]||''[[The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''2006'''||[[Matthew Tobin Anderson|M.T. Anderson]]||''[[The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Vol. I]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''2007'''||[[Sherman Alexie]]||''[[The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''2008'''||[[Judy Blundell]]||''[[What I Saw and How I Lied]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | ===Explanation of the novel's title=== | + | === Previous categories === |
| - | DeLillo said that the novel’s title came to him as he thought about radioactive waste buried deep underground and about Pluto, god of death. | + | In 1964, the categories Arts and Letters, History and Biography & Science, Philosophy and Religion categories had the addendum (Nonfiction). |
| | | | |
| - | ==Plot summary== | + | In 1981, Children's Books, Fiction was called Children's Book, Fiction; and in 1983 it was called Children's Fiction. |
| - | The novel opens on [[October 3]], [[1951]], when a boy named Cotter Martin sneaks in to watch the New York Giants play the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]]. (The prologue, [[Pafko at the Wall (novella)|Pafko at the Wall]], was written on its own before the novel.) In the ninth inning, [[Ralph Branca]] pitches to [[Bobby Thomson]], who hits the ball into the stands for a three-run homer, beating the Dodgers 5-4 and capturing the [[National League]] pennant. Known to baseball fans as [[Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)|"The Shot Heard 'Round the World"]], the fate of that ball is unknown, but in DeLillo's novel, Cotter Martin wrests this valuable ball away from another fan who has just befriended him and runs home. Cotter's father, Manx, steals the ball and later sells it for thirty-two dollars and forty-five cents. | + | |
| | | | |
| - | Branca and Thomson are never given much screen time, and [[Jackie Gleason]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] only put in cameos, but other historical figures become important parts of the story. [[J. Edgar Hoover]] muses on death, loyalty and leather masks while comedian [[Lenny Bruce]] faces the Cuban Missile Crisis by impersonating a hysterical housewife shrieking, ''"We're all gonna die!"'' | + | In 1981, Children's Books, Non-fiction was called Children's Book, Nonfiction. |
| | | | |
| - | Early in the novel it is revealed that Nick Shay was in a juvenile detention center for murdering a man, but it is not until near the end of the book that we learn the details of his crime. After being released from the detention center, he is sent to a [[Jesuit]] [[reform school]] in northern Minnesota. | + | In 1983 Children's Books, Picture Books was called Children's Books, Picture Books. |
| | | | |
| - | In the epilogue, we learn that Nick and Marian remain married despite infidelity on both sides. In fact, Nick indicates their relationship is much improved as he has opened up to her about his past – a subject that had always much-interested her and that he had been unwilling to discuss. | + | ==== First Novel ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]]'''||[[William Wharton (author)|William Wharton]]||''[[Birdy (novel)|Birdy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]]'''||[[Ann Arensberg]]||''[[Sister Wolf]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]]'''||[[Robb Forman Dew]]||''[[Dale Loves Sophie to Death]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]]'''||[[Gloria Naylor]]||''[[The Women of Brewster Place (novel)|The Women of Brewster Place]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | ==Characters in ''Underworld''== | + | ==== First Work of Fiction ==== |
| - | *Nick Shay – The novel’s protagonist and a waste management executive. He spends much of his life trying to come to terms with his father’s disappearance. Convicted of murder when he was 17 years old. | + | {| |
| - | *Marian Shay – Nick’s wife. She has an affair with Nick’s friend and coworker, Brian Glassic. | + | |'''[[1984]]'''||[[Harriet Doerr]]||''[[Stones for Ibarra]]'' |
| - | *Rosemary – Nick’s mother. | + | |- |
| - | *Jimmy – Nick’s father who disappeared when Nick was 11. Jimmy was a small-time bookie who had a (false) reputation for never writing anything down. He went out for a pack of [[Lucky Strike]] cigarettes and never returned. Nick concocts an elaborate fantasy in which Jimmy was killed by the mob, but eventually comes to terms with the more probable explanation that he just decided to leave. | + | |'''[[1985]]'''||[[Bob Shacochis]]||''[[Easy in the Islands]]'' |
| - | *Matty – Nick’s little brother. Very skilled at chess in his youth, but then gave it up. He served in the military in [[Vietnam]] and then worked for the U.S. government in the development of nuclear weapons. However, he soon finds he is uncomfortable with his choice of career and leaves to join a [[think tank]]. | + | |} |
| - | *Klara Sax – An aspiring artist who has a brief affair with Nick when he is 17 years old and she is in her 30s and married to Albert Bronzini with a young daughter. She and Albert divorce some time later (this is her third marriage). In all, she married three times, but divorced all three men. Nick goes to see Klara in the early 1990s when she’s directing a project to paint decommissioned Cold War era bombers. | + | |
| - | *Albert Bronzini – Klara’s husband and Matty’s chess instructor. | + | |
| - | *George the Waiter | + | |
| - | *Marvin Lundy – An avid baseball memorabilia collector who devoted his life to obtaining the home run ball hit by Thomson. He was obsessed with tracing the ball all the way back to the game, but was unable to do so. He sells the ball to Nick Shay. | + | |
| | | | |
| - | ==Literary significance and reception== | + | ==== Science Fiction ==== |
| - | The response from critics was very positive with David Wiegand of the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' declaring ''Underworld'' DeLillo's “best novel and perhaps that most elusive of creatures, a great American novel." | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Frederik Pohl]]||''[[Jem (book)|Jem]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Walter Wangerin, Jr.]]||''[[The Book of the Dun Cow (novel)|The Book of the Dun Cow]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | Several critics did note that it was overly long and could have benefited from some additional editing.<ref name=Spike /><ref>Amis, Martin. [http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/05/reviews/971005.05amisdt.html Survivors of the Cold War], ''The New York Times'', October 5, 1997</ref> On Salon.com, Laura Miller wrote that “Nick's secret, the one that supposedly provides the book's suspense, proves anticlimactic."<ref>Miller, Laura. [http://www.salon.com/sept97/delillo970926.html one nation, undercover], Salon.com, 26 September 1997. </ref> | + | ==== Mystery ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[John D. MacDonald]]||''[[The Green Ripper]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | In May 2006, ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' named ''Underworld'' as a runner up for the best work of American fiction of the previous 25 years.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/21/books/fiction-25-years.html?ex=1305864000&en=d3f9cc78ce4c00b7&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss "What is the best work of American fiction of the last 25 years?"] ''[[The New York Times]],'' May 21, 2006.</ref> | + | ==== Western ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]]'''||[[Louis L'Amour]]||''[[Bendigo Shafter]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | ==Allusions and references== | + | ==== Original Paperback ==== |
| - | ===Allusions to other works=== | + | {| |
| - | The novel has J. Edgar Hoover utterly intrigued by ''[[The Triumph of Death]]'', a painting by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]]. He is first introduced to the painting while at the baseball game (the painting was reproduced in ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' and pieces of it fall on him when someone in the stands above tears up the magazine and tosses the pieces) and later in the book there is a reference to him actually obtaining a print. | + | |'''[[1983]]'''||[[Lisa Goldstein]]||''[[The Red Magician]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | ===Allusions to actual history, geography and current science=== | + | ==== General Nonfiction ==== |
| - | The novel incorporates a number of historical events. The prologue is about [[Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)|"The Shot Heard 'Round the World"]] and the whereabouts of the ball hit by Thomson are a recurrent element of the book. The book also employs [[Lenny Bruce]]’s reaction to the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union's]] atomic weapons program (including their [[Semipalatinsk Test Site|testing grounds]] in [[Kazakhstan]]). | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Tom Wolfe]]||''[[The Right Stuff (book)|The Right Stuff]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Peter Matthiessen]]||''[[The Snow Leopard (book)|The Snow Leopard]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Hardcover'''||[[Maxine Hong Kingston]]||''[[China Men]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Paperback'''||[[Jane Kramer]]||''[[The Last Cowboy]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Hardcover'''||[[Tracy Kidder]]||''[[The Soul of a New Machine]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Paperback'''||[[Victor S. Navasky]]||''[[Naming Names]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Hardcover'''||[[Fox Butterfield]]||''[[China: Alive in the Bitter Sea]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[James Fallows]]||''[[National Defense]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | DeLillo has said that the front page of ''The New York Times'' on October 4, 1951, inspired ''Underworld''. | + | ==== Arts and Letters ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1964]]'''||[[Aileen Ward]]||''[[John Keats: The Making of a Poet]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1965]]'''||[[Eleanor Clark]]||''[[The Oysters of Locmariaquer]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1966]]'''||[[Janet Flanner]]||''[[Paris Journal, 1944-1965]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]'''||[[Justin Kaplan]]||''[[Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968]]'''||[[William Troy]]||''[[Selected Essays (William Troy)|Selected Essays]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]'''||[[Norman Mailer]]||''[[The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, The Novel as History]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]'''||[[Lillian Hellman]]||''[[An Unfinished Woman: A Memoir]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]'''||[[Francis Steegmuller]]||''[[Cocteau: A Biography]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Charles Rosen]]||''[[The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[Arthur M. Wilson]]||''[[Diderot (book)|Diderot]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Pauline Kael]]||''[[Deeper Into Movies]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Roger Shattuck]]||''[[Marcel Proust (book)|Marcel Proust]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Lewis Thomas]]||''[[The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher]]'' (also won The Sciences award) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976]]'''||[[Paul Fussell]]||''[[The Great War and Modern Memory]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| - | ==Awards and nominations== | + | ==== History and Biography ==== |
| - | In 1997, ''Underworld'' was a finalist for the [[National Book Award]]. | + | |
| | | | |
| - | ''Underworld'' was a nominated finalist for the [[1998 Pulitzer Prize]]. | |
| | | | |
| - | In addition, ''Underworld'' was the winner of the 2000 [[William Dean Howells Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters]]. | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1964]]'''||[[William H. McNeill]]||''[[The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1965]]'''||[[Louis Fischer]]||''[[The Life of Lenin]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1966]]'''||[[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.|Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]]||''[[A Thousand Days (book)|A Thousand Days]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]'''||[[Peter Gay]]||''[[The Enlightenment, Vol. I: An Interpretation the Rise of Modern Paganism]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968]]'''||[[George F. Kennan]]||''[[Memoirs: 1925-1950]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]'''||[[Winthrop Jordan|Winthrop D. Jordan]]||''[[White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]'''||[[T. Harry Williams]]||''[[Huey Long (book)|Huey Long]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]'''||[[James MacGregor Burns]]||''[[Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976]]'''||[[David Brion Davis]]||''[[The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| | + | ==== History ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Allan Nevins]]||''[[Ordeal of the Union, Vols. VII & VIII: The Organized War, 1863-1864 and The Organized War to Victory]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[Robert Manson Myers]]||''[[The Children of Pride Isaiah Trunk]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[Isaiah Trunk]]||''[[Judenrat]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[John Clive]]||''[[Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian]]'' (also won Biography award) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Bernard Bailyn]]||''[[The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson]]'' (article on [[Thomas Hutchinson (governor)|Thomas Hutchinson]]) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]'''||[[Irving Howe]]||''[[World of Our Fathers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]'''||[[David McCullough]]||''[[The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]'''||[[Richard Beale Davis]]||''[[Intellectual Life in the Colonial South, 1585-1763]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Henry A. Kissinger]]||''[[The White House (Kissinger)]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Barbara W. Tuchman]]||''[[A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Hardcover'''||[[John Boswell]]||''[[Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Paperback'''||[[Leon F. Litwack]]||''[[Been in the Storm so Long: The Aftermath of Slavery]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Hardcover'''||[[Father Peter John Powell]]||''[[People of the Sacred Mountain: A History of the Northern Cheyenne Chiefs and Warrior Societies, 1830-1879]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Paperback'''||[[Robert Wohl]]||''[[The Generation of 1914]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Hardcover'''||[[Alan Brinkley]]||''[[Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[Frank E. Manuel]] & [[Fritzie P. Manuel]]||''[[Utopian Thought in the Western World]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| | + | ==== Biography ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Joseph P. Lash]]||''[[Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[James Thomas Flexner]]||''[[George Washington, Vol. IV: Anguish and Farewell, 1793-1799]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[John Clive]]||''[[Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian]]'' (also won History award) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Douglas Day]]||''[[Malcolm Lowry: A Biography]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Richard B. Sewall]]||''[[The Life of Emily Dickinson]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Edmund Morris (writer)|Edmund Morris]]||''[[The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[A. Scott Berg]]||''[[Max Perkins: Editor of Genius]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Biography and Autobiography ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]'''||[[W. A. Swanberg]]||''[[Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]'''||[[W. Jackson Bate]]||''[[Samuel Johnson (book)|Samuel Johnson]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]'''||[[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.|Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]]||''[[Robert Kennedy and His Times]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Autobiography ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Lauren Bacall]]||''[[Lauren Bacall by Myself]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Malcolm Cowley]]||''[[And I Worked at the Writer's Trade: Chapters of Literary History 1918-1978]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Autobiography/Biography ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Hardcover'''||[[Justin Kaplan]]||''[[Walt Whitman (book)|Walt Whitman]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Paperback'''||[[Deirdre Bair]]||''[[Samuel Beckett (book)|Samuel Beckett]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Hardcover'''||[[David McCullough]]||''[[Mornings on Horseback]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Paperback'''||[[Ronald Steel]]||''[[Walter Lippmann and the American Century]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Hardcover'''||[[Judith Thurman]]||''[[Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[James R. Mellow]]||''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Time]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Science, Philosophy and Religion ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1964]]'''||[[Christopher Tunnard]] & [[Boris Pushkarev]]||''[[Man-made America]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1965]]'''||[[Norbert Wiener]]||''[[God & Golem, Inc.: A Comment on Certain Points Where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion|God and Golem, Inc: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]'''||[[Oscar Lewis]]||''[[La Vida]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968]]'''||[[Jonathan Kozol]]||''[[Death at an Early Age]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== The Sciences ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]'''||[[Robert J. Lifton]]||''[[Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]'''||[[Raymond Phineas Sterns]]||''[[Science in the British Colonies of America]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[George L. Small]]||''[[The Blue Whale]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[George B. Schaller]]||''[[The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[S. E. Luria]]||''[[Life: The Unfinished Experiment]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Silvano Arieti]]||''[[Interpretation of Schizophrenia]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Lewis Thomas]]||''The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher'' (also won Arts and Letters award) |
| | + | |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Science ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Douglas Hofstadter]]||''[[Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Gary Zukav]]||'' [[The Dancing Wu Li Masters|The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Hardcover'''||[[Stephen Jay Gould]]||''[[The Panda's Thumb (book)|The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections on Natural History]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Paperback'''||[[Lewis Thomas]]||''[[The Medusa and the Snail]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Hardcover'''||[[Donald C. Johanson]] & [[Maitland A. Edey]]||''[[Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Paperback'''||[[Fred Alan Wolf]]||''[[Taking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Hardcover'''||[[Abraham Pais]]||''[["Subtle is the Lord...": The Science and Life of Albert Einstein]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[Philip J. Davis]] & [[Reuben Hersh]]||''[[The Mathematical Experience]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[Joyce Carol Thomas]]||''[[Marked by Fire]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Philosophy and Religion ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]'''||[[Erik H. Erikson]]||''[[Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Martin E. Marty]]||''[[Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[S. E. Ahlstrom]]||''[[A Religious History of the American People]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Maurice Natanson]]||''[[Edmund Husserl: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Robert Nozick]]||''[[Anarchy, State, and Utopia]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Religion/Inspiration ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Elaine Pagels]]||''[[The Gnostic Gospels]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Sheldon Vanauken]]||''[[A Severe Mercy]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Contemporary Affairs ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Stewart Brand]] (ed.)||''[[Whole Earth Catalog|The Last Whole Earth Catalogue]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[Frances FitzGerald]]||''[[Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Murray Kempton]]||''[[The Briar Patch]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Theodore Rosengarten]]||''[[All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976]]'''||[[Michael J. Arlen]]||''[[Passage to Ararat]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Contemporary Thought ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]'''||[[Bruno Bettelheim]]||''[[The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]'''||[[Gloria Emerson]]||''[[Winners & Losers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]'''||[[Peter Matthiessen]]||''[[The Snow Leopard]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Current Interest ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Julia Child]]||''[[Julia Child and More Company]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Christopher Lasch]]||''[[The Culture of Narcissism]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== General Reference Books ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Elder Witt]] (ed.)||''[[The Complete Directory]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Tim Brooks]] & [[Earle Marsh]]||''[[The Complete Directory of Prime Time Network TV Shows: 1946-Present]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Translation ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]''' || [[Gregory Rabassa]] || [[Julio Cortázar]]'s ''[[Hopscotch (Cortázar)|Hopscotch]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1967]]''' || [[Willard Trask]] || [[Giacomo Casanova|Casanova]]'s ''[[Histoire de ma vie|History of My Life]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1968]]''' || [[Howard Hong|Howard]] & [[Edna Hong]] || [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s ''[[Soren Kierkegaard's Journals and Papers|Journals and Papers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]''' || [[William Weaver]]||[[Italo Calvino]]'s ''[[Cosmicomics]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]''' || [[Ralph Manheim]]||[[Louis-Ferdinand Céline|Céline]]'s ''[[Castle to Castle]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]''' || [[Frank Jones]]||[[Bertolt Brecht]]'s ''[[Saint Joan of the Stockyards]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]''' || [[Edward G. Seidensticker]]||[[Yasunari Kawabata]]'s ''[[The Sound of the Mountain]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]''' || [[Austryn Wainhouse]]||[[Jacques Monod]]'s ''[[Chance and Necessity]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]''' || [[Allen Mandelbaum]]||''[[Aeneid|The Aeneid of]] [[Virgil]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]''' || [[Karen Brazell]]||''[[The Confessions of Lady Nijo|The Confessions of]] [[Lady Nijo]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]''' || [[Helen R. Lane]]|| [[Octavio Paz]]'s ''[[Alternating Current (Paz)|Alternating Current]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]''' || [[Jackson Matthews]]||[[Paul Valéry]]'s ''[[Monsieur Teste]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]''' || [[Anthony Kerrigan]]|| [[Miguel de Unamuno]]'s ''[[The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]''' || [[Li-Li Ch'en]]||''[[Master Tung's Western Chamber Romance]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]''' || [[Howard Nemerov]]||[[Uwe George]]'s ''[[In the Deserts of This Earth]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]''' || [[Clayton Eshleman]] & [[José Rubia Barcia]]||[[César Vallejo]]'s ''[[The Complete Posthumous Poetry]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]]''' || [[William Arrowsmith]]||[[Cesare Pavese]]'s ''[[Hard Labor (Pavese)|Hard Labor]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]]''' || [[Jane Gary Harris]] & [[Constance Link]] || [[Osip E. Mandelstam]]'s ''[[Complete Critical Prose and Letters]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]]''' || [[Francis Steegmuller]] || ''[[The Letters of Gustave Flaubert|The Letters of]] [[Gustave Flaubert]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]]''' || [[John E. Woods]] || [[Arno Schmidt]]'s ''[[Evening Edged in Gold]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]]''' || [[Robert Lyons Danly]] || [[Ichiyō Higuchi|Higuchi Ichiyō's]] ''[[In the Shade of Spring Leaves]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]]''' || [[Ian Hideo Levy]] || ''[[The Ten Thousand Leaves: A Translation of The Man'Yoshu, Japan's Premier Anthology of Classical Poetry]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]]''' || [[Richard Howard]] || [[Charles Baudelaire]]'s ''[[Les Fleurs du mal]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Children's Literature ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1969]]'''||[[Meindert DeJong]]||''[[Journey from Peppermint Street]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1976]]'''||[[Walter D. Edmonds]]||''[[Bert Breen's Barn]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1977]]'''||[[Katherine Paterson]]||''[[The Master Puppeteer]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1978]]'''||[[Judith Kohl|Judith]] & [[Herbert Kohl (education)|Herbert Kohl]]||''[[The View From the Oak]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1979]]'''||[[Katherine Paterson]]||''[[The Great Gilly Hopkins]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Children's Books ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1970]]'''||[[Isaac Bashevis Singer]]||''[[A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing up in Warsaw]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1971]]'''||[[Lloyd Alexander]]||''[[The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1972]]'''||[[Donald Barthelme]]||''[[The Slightly Irregular Fire Engine or The Hithering Thithering Djinn]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1973]]'''||[[Ursula K. Le Guin]]||''[[The Farthest Shore]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1974]]'''||[[Eleanor Cameron]]||''[[The Court of the Stone Children]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1975]]'''||[[Virginia Hamilton]]||''[[M. C. Higgins the Great]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Hardcover'''||[[Joan Blos]]||''[[A Gathering of Days: A New England Girl's Journal]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1980]] Paperback'''||[[Madeleine L'Engle]]||''[[A Swiftly Tilting Planet]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Children's Books, Fiction ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Hardcover'''||[[Betsy Byars]]||''[[The Night Swimmers]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1981]] Paperback'''||[[Beverly Cleary]]||''[[Ramona and Her Mother]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Hardcover'''||[[Lloyd Alexander]]||''[[Westmark]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1982]] Paperback'''||[[Ouida Sebestyen]]||''[[Words by Heart]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Hardcover'''||[[Jean Fritz]]||''[[Homesick: My Own Story]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''[[1983]] Paperback'''||[[Paula Fox]]||''[[A Place Apart]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1983 Paperback'''||[[Joyce Carol Thomas]]||''[[Marked by Fire]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Children's Books, Non-fiction ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''1981 Hardcover'''||[[Alison Cragin Herzig]] & [[Jane Lawrence]]||''[[Mali -- Oh, Boy! Babies]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1982 '''||[[Susan Bonners]]||''[[A Penguin Year]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1983 '''||[[James Cross Giblin]]||''[[Chimney Sweeps]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Children's Books, Picture Books ==== |
| | + | {| |
| | + | |'''1982 Hardcover'''||[[Maurice Sendak]]||''[[Outside Over There]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1982 Paperback'''||[[Peter Spier]]||''[[Noah's Ark]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1983 Hardcover'''||[[Barbara Cooney]]||''[[Miss Rumphius]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1983 Hardcover'''||[[William Steig]]||''[[Doctor De Soto]]'' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |'''1983 Paperback'''||[[Mary Ann Hoberman]] & [[Betty Fraser (illustrator)|Betty Fraser]] (ill.)||''[[A House is a House for Me]]'' |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| | {{GFDL}} | | {{GFDL}} |
In 1964, the categories Arts and Letters, History and Biography & Science, Philosophy and Religion categories had the addendum (Nonfiction).
In 1981, Children's Books, Fiction was called Children's Book, Fiction; and in 1983 it was called Children's Fiction.
In 1983 Children's Books, Picture Books was called Children's Books, Picture Books.
