Marxism
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+ | “[[A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of communism ]]” --Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels | ||
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[[Image:Eugène Delacroix - La liberté guidant le peuple.jpg|thumb|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[politics]] series.<br><small>Illustration:''[[Liberty Leading the People]]'' (1831, detail) by [[Eugène Delacroix]].</small>]] | [[Image:Eugène Delacroix - La liberté guidant le peuple.jpg|thumb|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[politics]] series.<br><small>Illustration:''[[Liberty Leading the People]]'' (1831, detail) by [[Eugène Delacroix]].</small>]] | ||
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Revision as of 06:49, 13 July 2014
“A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of communism ” --Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels |
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Marxism is a worldview and method of societal analysis that focuses on class relations and societal conflict, that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, and a dialectical view of social transformation. Marxist methodology uses economic and sociopolitical inquiry and applies that to the analysis and critique of the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in systemic economic change.
In the mid-to-late 19th century, the intellectual tenets of Marxism were inspired by two German philosophers: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxist analyses and methodologies have influenced multiple political ideologies and social movements. Marxism encompasses an economic theory, a sociological theory, a philosophical method, and a revolutionary view of social change.
According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises due to intensifying contradictions between highly productive mechanized and socialized production performed by the proletariat, and private ownership and private appropriation of the surplus product in the form of surplus value (profit) by a small minority of private owners called the bourgeoisie. As the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat, social unrest between the two antagonistic classes intensifies, culminating in a social revolution. The eventual long-term outcome of this revolution would be the establishment of socialism – a socioeconomic system based on cooperative ownership of the means of production, distribution based on one's contribution, and production organized directly for use. Karl Marx hypothesized that, as the productive forces and technology continued to advance, socialism would eventually give way to a communist stage of social development. Communism would be a classless, stateless, humane society erected on common ownership and the principle of "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".
Marxist understandings of history and of society have been adopted by academics in the disciplines of archaeology and anthropology, political science, theater, history, sociology, art history and art theory, cultural studies, education, economics, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, critical psychology, and philosophy.
Contents |
Cultural Marxism
Freudo-Marxism
Marxist film theory
Marxist literary theory
False consciousness
Guy Debord
See also
- Cultural Marxism
- Freudo-Marxism
- Karl Marx
- Karl Marx in film
- Marxian economics
- Marxism–Leninism
- Marxist aesthetics
- Marxist analysis
- Marxist conception of human nature
- Marxist criminology
- Marxist feminism
- Marxist film theory
- Marxist geography
- Marxist historiography
- Marxist humanism
- Marxist literary criticism
- Marxist philosophy
- Marxist philosophy of nature
- Marxist sociology
- Marx’s method
- Marx's theory of alienation
- Marx's theory of human nature
- Orthodox Marxism
- Political Marxism
- Post-Marxism
- Reification (Marxism)
- Rethinking Marxism
- Revisionism (Marxism)
- Specters of Marx
- Structural Marxism
- Western Marxism
- Young Marx