Marxism  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
Revision as of 06:44, 13 July 2014
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

← Previous diff
Revision as of 06:47, 13 July 2014
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

Next diff →
Line 7: Line 7:
According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises due to intensifying contradictions between highly productive mechanized and [[Socialization (economics)|socialized production]] performed by the [[proletariat]], and private ownership and private appropriation of the [[surplus product]] in the form of [[surplus value]] (profit) by a small minority of private owners called the [[bourgeoisie]]. As the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat, social unrest between the two antagonistic classes intensifies, culminating in a [[social revolution]]. The eventual long-term outcome of this revolution would be the establishment of [[socialism]] – a socioeconomic system based on cooperative ownership of the means of production, [[To each according to his contribution|distribution based on one's contribution]], and [[Production for use|production organized directly for use]]. Karl Marx hypothesized that, as the productive forces and technology continued to advance, socialism would eventually give way to a [[Communism|communist]] stage of social development. Communism would be a classless, stateless, humane society erected on [[common ownership]] and the principle of "[[From each according to his ability, to each according to his need]]s". According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises due to intensifying contradictions between highly productive mechanized and [[Socialization (economics)|socialized production]] performed by the [[proletariat]], and private ownership and private appropriation of the [[surplus product]] in the form of [[surplus value]] (profit) by a small minority of private owners called the [[bourgeoisie]]. As the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat, social unrest between the two antagonistic classes intensifies, culminating in a [[social revolution]]. The eventual long-term outcome of this revolution would be the establishment of [[socialism]] – a socioeconomic system based on cooperative ownership of the means of production, [[To each according to his contribution|distribution based on one's contribution]], and [[Production for use|production organized directly for use]]. Karl Marx hypothesized that, as the productive forces and technology continued to advance, socialism would eventually give way to a [[Communism|communist]] stage of social development. Communism would be a classless, stateless, humane society erected on [[common ownership]] and the principle of "[[From each according to his ability, to each according to his need]]s".
-Marxism has developed into different branches and schools of thought. Different schools place a greater emphasis on certain aspects of [[classical Marxism]] while de-emphasizing or rejecting other aspects of Marxism, sometimes combining Marxist analysis with non-Marxian concepts. Some variants of Marxism primarily focus on one aspect of Marxism as the determining force in social development – such as the mode of production, class, power-relationships or property ownership – while arguing other aspects are less important or current research makes them irrelevant. Despite sharing similar premises, different schools of Marxism might reach contradictory conclusions from each other.+[[Marxist historiography|Marxist understandings of history]] and of society have been adopted by academics in the disciplines of [[Marxist archaeology|archaeology]] and [[anthropology]], [[political science]], [[theater]], [[history]], [[Marxist sociology|sociology]], [[art history]] and [[art theory]], [[cultural studies]], [[education]], [[Marxian economics|economics]], [[Marxist geography|geography]], [[Marxist literary criticism|literary criticism]], [[Marxist aesthetics|aesthetics]], [[critical psychology]], and [[Marxist philosophy|philosophy]].
-For instance, different Marxian economists have contradictory explanations of economic [[Crisis theory|crisis]] and different predictions for the outcome of such crises. Furthermore, different variants of Marxism apply Marxist analysis to study different aspects of society (e.g. [[Cultural Marxism|mass culture]], [[Crisis theory|economic crises]], or [[Marxist feminism|feminism]]).+==Cultural Marxism==
 +:''[[cultural Marxism]]''
 +==Freudo-Marxism==
 +:''[[Freudo-Marxism]]''
 +==Marxist film theory==
 +:''[[Marxist film theory]]''
 +==Marxist literary theory==
 +:''[[Marxist literary theory]]''
 +==False consciousness==
 +:''[[False consciousness]]''
 +==Guy Debord==
 +:''[[Guy Debord]]''
-These theoretical differences have led various socialist and communist parties and political movements to embrace different political strategies for attaining socialism and advocate different programs and policies from each other. One example of this is the division between revolutionary socialists and [[reformists]] that emerged in the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|German Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) during the early 20th century. 
-[[Marxist historiography|Marxist understandings of history]] and of society have been adopted by academics in the disciplines of [[Marxist archaeology|archaeology]] and [[anthropology]], [[political science]], [[theater]], [[history]], [[Marxist sociology|sociology]], [[art history]] and [[art theory]], [[cultural studies]], [[education]], [[Marxian economics|economics]], [[Marxist geography|geography]], [[Marxist literary criticism|literary criticism]], [[Marxist aesthetics|aesthetics]], [[critical psychology]], and [[Marxist philosophy|philosophy]]. 
==See also== ==See also==
* [[Cultural Marxism]] * [[Cultural Marxism]]
Line 19: Line 28:
* [[Karl Marx]] * [[Karl Marx]]
* [[Karl Marx in film]] * [[Karl Marx in film]]
-* [[Libertarian Marxism]] 
-* ''[[Living Marxism]]'' 
* [[Marxian economics]] * [[Marxian economics]]
-* ''[[Marxism and the U.S.A.]]'' 
* [[Marxism–Leninism]] * [[Marxism–Leninism]]
* [[Marxist aesthetics]] * [[Marxist aesthetics]]
Line 33: Line 39:
* [[Marxist historiography]] * [[Marxist historiography]]
* [[Marxist humanism]] * [[Marxist humanism]]
-* [[Marxist international relations theory]] 
* [[Marxist literary criticism]] * [[Marxist literary criticism]]
* [[Marxist philosophy]] * [[Marxist philosophy]]
Line 41: Line 46:
* [[Marx's theory of alienation]] * [[Marx's theory of alienation]]
* [[Marx's theory of human nature]] * [[Marx's theory of human nature]]
-* [[Neo-Marxism]] 
* [[Orthodox Marxism]] * [[Orthodox Marxism]]
* [[Political Marxism]] * [[Political Marxism]]

Revision as of 06:47, 13 July 2014

This page Marxism is part of the politics series.Illustration:Liberty Leading the People (1831, detail) by Eugène Delacroix.
Enlarge
This page Marxism is part of the politics series.
Illustration:Liberty Leading the People (1831, detail) by Eugène Delacroix.

Related e

Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Shop


Featured:

Marxism is a worldview and method of societal analysis that focuses on class relations and societal conflict, that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, and a dialectical view of social transformation. Marxist methodology uses economic and sociopolitical inquiry and applies that to the analysis and critique of the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in systemic economic change.

In the mid-to-late 19th century, the intellectual tenets of Marxism were inspired by two German philosophers: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxist analyses and methodologies have influenced multiple political ideologies and social movements. Marxism encompasses an economic theory, a sociological theory, a philosophical method, and a revolutionary view of social change.

According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises due to intensifying contradictions between highly productive mechanized and socialized production performed by the proletariat, and private ownership and private appropriation of the surplus product in the form of surplus value (profit) by a small minority of private owners called the bourgeoisie. As the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat, social unrest between the two antagonistic classes intensifies, culminating in a social revolution. The eventual long-term outcome of this revolution would be the establishment of socialism – a socioeconomic system based on cooperative ownership of the means of production, distribution based on one's contribution, and production organized directly for use. Karl Marx hypothesized that, as the productive forces and technology continued to advance, socialism would eventually give way to a communist stage of social development. Communism would be a classless, stateless, humane society erected on common ownership and the principle of "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".

Marxist understandings of history and of society have been adopted by academics in the disciplines of archaeology and anthropology, political science, theater, history, sociology, art history and art theory, cultural studies, education, economics, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, critical psychology, and philosophy.

Contents

Cultural Marxism

cultural Marxism

Freudo-Marxism

Freudo-Marxism

Marxist film theory

Marxist film theory

Marxist literary theory

Marxist literary theory

False consciousness

False consciousness

Guy Debord

Guy Debord


See also





Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Marxism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

Personal tools