List of French monarchs  

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-[[Beauty from the waist downwards]] 
-:[[Brantome]], [[older woman]]+The '''monarchs of France''' ruled, first as [[king]]s and later as [[emperor]]s (the Bonapartes only), from the [[Middle Ages]] to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when [[France]] came into existence. The earliest possible date would be the establishment of the [[Merovingian]] [[Franks|Frankish]] kingdom by [[Clovis I]] in 486 with the defeat of [[Syagrius]], the last [[Roman Empire|Roman]] official in [[Gaul]]. That kingdom's rulers were deposed in the 8th century. The [[Treaty of Verdun]] established the Kingdom of [[Western Francia]] in 843.
-[http://www.archive.org/stream/livesoffairgalla01braniala/livesoffairgalla01braniala_djvu.txt]+
-| HAVE spoke afore of old dames which be fain +In light of these trends, this list begins with [[Charles the Bald]] and the Kingdom of Western Francia, originating in 843, the state which would directly evolve into modern France. For earlier Frankish monarchs, see [[List of Frankish Kings]].</onlyinclude><!-- See [[Wikipedia_talk:Featured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists]] for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->
-to play the wanton; yet do I further append +
-this discourse here. So by way of commencement, I will say how one day myself being at +
-the Court of Spain and conversing with a very honourable +
-and fair lady, but withal something advanced in age, I +
-did hear her pronounce these words : Que ningunas damas +
-lindas, o alo menos pocas, se hazen viejas de la cinta +
-hasta abaxo, "that never a fair lady, or at the least very +
-few such, are old from the '''waist downwards'''." On my +
-asking her in what sense she did mean this, whether 'twas +
-the beauty of person from waist down that did never +
-diminish in any wise by reason of age, or the desire and +
-appetite of [[concupiscence]] that did not at all fail or grow +
-chilled in these parts, she did make answer she intended +
-both the one and the other. "For indeed," she went on, +
-"as to the prickings of the flesh, no cure is there for +
-these you must know, but death only ; albeit old age would +
-seem to be an obstacle thereto. Yet doth every beautiful +
-woman ever fondly love her own self, and in so loving, +
-'tis not for her own, but some other's sake; and is in +
-no wise like [[Narcissus]], the which, so foolish was the youth, +
-himself lover and beloved, did think scorn of all other +
-affections." +
-A beautiful woman hath naught of this humour about +In addition to the monarchs listed below, the [[List of British monarchs|Kings of England and Great Britain]] from 1340–1360 and 1369–1801 also [[English claims to the French throne|claimed the title of King of France]]. For a short time, this had some basis in fact&nbsp;— under the terms of the 1420 [[Treaty of Troyes]], [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] had recognized his son-in-law [[Henry V of England]] as regent and heir. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435, but by 1453, the English had been expelled from all of France save [[Calais]] (and the [[Channel Islands]]), and Calais itself fell in 1558. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] in 1801. Various English kings between 1337 and 1422 had also claimed the title of King of France, but only intermittently.
-her. So have I heard it related of a very fair lady, which +
-after first loving herself and taking much joy of her +
-own beauty alone and by herself, and in her bed stripping +
-of herself quite naked, and so looking at her own person, +
-and admiring and contemplating the same, did curse her +
-hard fate to be vowed to one sole husband that was not +
-worthy to enjoy so fair a body, holding him to be in no +
-wise her equal in merit. At the last was she so fired by +
-such contemplations and sights and longings as that she +
-did bid a long farewell to her virtue arid her marriage vow, +
-and did practise new love with a new lover. +
-This is how a woman's beauty doth kindle and inflame +The title "King of the Franks" ({{lang-la|Rex Francorum}}) remained in use until the reign of [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]]. During the brief period when the [[French Constitution of 1791]] was in effect (1791–1792) and after the [[July Revolution]] in 1830, the [[Style (manner of address)|style]] "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". It was a constitutional innovation known as [[popular monarchy]] which linked the monarch's title to the ''people'', not to the ''territory'' of France.
-her, constraining her to have resort to such, whether hus- +
-bands or lovers, as may satisfy her desire ; while 'tis always +
-the nature of one love to lead to another. Wherefore +
-being thus fair and sought after of some admirer, and if +
-she disdain not to answer to his passion, she is at once +
-in the snare. So [[Lais]], the famous courtesan, was used +
-to declare, that so soon as ever a woman doth open her +
-mouth to make a gentle reply to her friend, lo ! her heart +
-is flown, and the door opened straightway. +
- +
-Moreover no fair and honourable woman doth ever +
-refuse any good praise that men render her; and once +
-she is gratified and doth suffer such commendation of her +
-beauty, grace and gentle ways, the which we courtiers +
-be ever wont to make by way of first assault of love, +
-though it may be some while a-doing, yet in the long run +
-we do always win the place. +
- +
-Further, it is a true thing that no beautiful woman, +
-having once made essay of the game of love, doth ever +
-unlearn the same, and for ever after is the sport right +
-pleasant and delightsome to her. Just as when a man +
-hath grown accustomed to good living, 'tis exceeding disagreeable to discontinue the same; and as this is better +
-for the health, the more a man is got on in years, (as the +
-doctors declare), so the more a woman advanceth in age, +
-all the more is she greedy after the good cheer she is +
-accustomed to. This daintiness is nowise forgot or +
-remitted because of the weight of years, but more like by +
-some long sickness, (so the faculty tell us), or other +
-accident ; and albeit disinclination may be experienced for +
-some while, yet will the taste for such good things be +
-renewed anon. +
- +
-'Tis said, again, how that all activities do decrease and +
-diminish by reason of age, which doth rob folk of the +
-strength to properly exercise the same, except only that +
-of Venus, the which is carried out very luxuriously, without sore trouble or much exertion, in a soft, comfortable +
-bed, and altogether at ease. I do speak now of the woman, +
-and not of the man, to the share of which latter falleth +
-all the labour and task-work in this province. A man +
-then, once deprived of this pleasure, doth easily and early +
-abstain from further indulgence, albeit sometimes it may +
-be in spite of himself; whereas a woman, be she of what +
-age she will, doth take to her, like a [[furnace]], and burn up, +
-all stuff that cometh her way. Nay ! even though a dame +
-should be so aged as to look but ill, and find herself in no +
-such good case as in her younger years, yet she may by +
-dint of money find means to get gallant cavaliers at the +
-current rate, and good ones too, as I have heard say. All commodities that cost dear do sore vex the purse, (this goes counter to [[Heliogabalus]]' opinion, who the dearer he +
-did buy his viands, the better he thought them), except +
-only the commodities of Love, the which be the more agreeable in proportion as they cost more, by reason of the +
-great desire felt to get good value of the bargain and +
-thoroughly enjoy the article purchased. So the poor +
-talent one hath, is made to do triple service, or even hundredfold service, if that may any way be. +
- +
-This is what a certain Spanish [[courtesan]] meant by her +
-word to two brave gentlemen which did pick a quarrel +
-together over her, and sallying forth to her house, did +
-take sword in hand and fall to a-fighting. But she putting +
-head out of window, did cry out to them: Senores, mis +
-amores se ganan con oron y plata, non con hierro, +
-"Nay ! Sirs, my love is won with gold and silver, not with +
-iron." +
- +
-All love well purchased is well and good. Many a lady +
-and many a cavalier which have done such traffic could +
-tell us so much. But to allege here examples of ladies, +
-and there be many such, which have burned as hot in +
-their old age as ever in youth, and have satisfied, or to +
-put it better, have kept up, their fires with second husbands and new lovers, would be for me now a waste of +
-labour, seeing I have elsewhere given many such. Yet +
-will I bring forward one or two here also, for my subject +
-doth require it and is suitable to such matters. +
- +
-I have heard speak of a great lady, one that was as well +
-talked about as any of her day, which one day seeing a +
-young gentleman with very white hands, did ask him what +
-he was used to do to have them so. To this he made answer, by way of jape and jest, that so oft as ever he could, +
-he would be a-rubbing of them with the spirit of love. +
-"Ah ! well," she replied, " 'tis my bad luck then ; for more +
-than sixty years have I been washing myself therewith, +
-and I'm just as bad as the day I began. Yet do I bathe +
-so every day." +
- +
-I have heard speak of a lady of pretty advanced age, +
-who wishing to marry again, did one day ask a physician's +
-advice, basing her reasons for so doing on the fact that +
-she was exceeding full of all sorts of evil humours, which +
-had assailed and ever afflicted her since she was a widow. +
-Yet had this never so happed in the lifetime of her husband, seeing that by dint of the constant exercises they +
-did perform together, the said humours were consumed. +
-The physician, who was a merry fellow, and willing enough +
-to please her herein, did counsel her to marry again, and +
-in this fashion to chase away the humours from her, saying 'twas better far to be happy than sad. The lady did +
-put this advice in practise, and found it answer very +
-well, indeed, superannuated as she was. This was, I mean, +
-with a new husband and lover, which did love her at +
-least as much for the sake of her good money as for any +
-pleasure he gat of her. Though of a surety there be +
-many quite old dames, with whom as much enjoyment is +
-to be had as with younger women; nay! 'tis sometimes +
-greater and better with such, by reason of their understanding the art and science of love better, and so the +
-more stimulating their lovers' taste therefor. +
- +
-The [[courtesan]]s of Rome and of Italy generally, when +
-they are verging toward ripe years, do maintain this +
-maxim, that una galina vecchia fa miglior brodo che un' +
-ultra, "an old hen doth make better broth than any +
-other." +
- +
-The Latin poet [[Horace]] doth make mention of an old +
-woman, which did so stir and toss about when she came to +
-bed, and move her so violently and restlessly, that she +
-would set not alone the bed but the whole house a-trembling. A gallant old dame in sooth! Now the Latins do +
-name suchlike agitation and wanton movement subare +
-a sue. +
- +
-We do read of the Emperor [[Caligula]], that of all his +
-women which he had, he did love best [[Caesonia]], and this +
-not so much by reason of her beauty, nor because she was +
-in the flower of age, for indeed she was by then well on in +
-years, but on account of her exceeding lustfulness and the +
-wantonness that was in her, as well as the good pains she +
-did take in the exercise thereof, and the experience her age, +
-and long practise had taught her, herein leaving all the +
-other women in the lurch, albeit handsomer and younger +
-than herself. He was used to take her commonly to the +
-wars with him, clad and armed like a man, and riding in +
-manlike wise side by side with him, going so far even as +
-often times to show her to his comrades all naked, and +
-make her exhibit to them her feats of suppleness. +
- +
-Thus are we bound to allow that age had in no wise +
-diminished the lady's beauty, seeing how greatly the +
-Emperor was attached to her. Natheless, with all this +
-fond love he did bear her, very oft wheneas he was a-kissing +
-and touching her fair neck, he could not hinder himself, +
-so bloody-minded was he, from saying: "Ah! the beau- +
-tiful neck it is; yet 'tis in my power at will to have it +
-cut." Alas and alas! the poor woman was slain along +
-with her husband with a sword thrust through the body +
-by a Centurion, and her daughter broken and dashed to +
-death against a wall, the which could never have been but +
-for the ill deeds of her father. 1 +
- +
-We read further of [[Julia]], step-mother of the [[Emperor Caracalla]], 2 how that one day being as it were by inadvertence half naked, she did expose one-half of her body +
-to his eyes ; whereupon he said these words, "Ha, ha ! but +
-I could relish it well enough, an if it were allowed me!" +
-She answered straightway, "So please you, know you not +
-you are Emperor, and therefore make laws instead of obeying them?" On hearing these words and seeing her readiness, he did marry her and couple with her. +
- +
-A reply of pretty much the same import was given to one +
-of our last three [[French Kings]], whose name I will not +
-mention. Being enamoured and fallen deep in love with +
-a very fair and honourable lady, after having made the +
-earlier advances and preliminaries of his suit to her, did +
-one day cause his pleasure to be conveyed to her more +
-at length by an honourable and very judicious and adroit +
-gentleman I know by name and repute. So he, conveying +
-to her the Sovereign's little missive, did use all his eloquence to persuade her to consent. But she, no fool at +
-this game, did defend herself the best she could by many +
-excellent reasons the which she well knew how to allege, +
-without forgetting the chief est, her honour, that mighty, +
-or rather mighty small, treasure. At the last, the gentleman after much disputing and many protestations, did ask +
-her finally what she did desire he should tell the King. +
-Then she, after some moments of reflection, did suddenly, +
-as if brought to bay, pronounce these words following: +
-"What are you to tell him?" she cried, "why! what else +
-but this? tell him I know well enough that no refusal was +
-ever advantageous to any, man or woman, which doth +
-make such to his King and Sovereign; and that very oft +
-a Prince, exerting the power he hath, will rather give the +
-orders and taking a thing than go on begging and praying +
-for it." Not ill content with this reply, the gentleman +
-doth straightway bear it to the King; who taking time +
-by the fore-lock, doth hie him to the lady in her chamber, +
-and without any over great effort or resistance doth have +
-his will. The reply was at once witty, and showed her +
-good will to pleasure her King. Albeit men say 'tis never +
-well to have sport or dealings with the King, yet must we +
-except this particular game, wherefrom never was ill +
-advantage gotten, if only the woman do behave her +
-prudently and faithfully. +
- +
-To return to the afore named Julia, step-mother of the +
-Emperor, she must need have been a very harlot to love and +
-take for husband one which had on her own bosom slain +
-some while before their own proper son ; 3 verily she was a +
-base harlot and of base heart. Still 'twas a grand thing to +
-be Empress, and for such an honour all else is forgot. +
-This Julia was greatly loved of her husband, albeit she +
-was well advanced in years. Yet had she lost naught of +
-her beauty; but was very fair and very ready-witted, as +
-those her words do witness, which did make yet greater +
-the bed of her greatness. +
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The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors (the Bonapartes only), from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence. The earliest possible date would be the establishment of the Merovingian Frankish kingdom by Clovis I in 486 with the defeat of Syagrius, the last Roman official in Gaul. That kingdom's rulers were deposed in the 8th century. The Treaty of Verdun established the Kingdom of Western Francia in 843.

In light of these trends, this list begins with Charles the Bald and the Kingdom of Western Francia, originating in 843, the state which would directly evolve into modern France. For earlier Frankish monarchs, see List of Frankish Kings.

In addition to the monarchs listed below, the Kings of England and Great Britain from 1340–1360 and 1369–1801 also claimed the title of King of France. For a short time, this had some basis in fact — under the terms of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes, Charles VI had recognized his son-in-law Henry V of England as regent and heir. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, Henry VI, succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435, but by 1453, the English had been expelled from all of France save Calais (and the Channel Islands), and Calais itself fell in 1558. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801. Various English kings between 1337 and 1422 had also claimed the title of King of France, but only intermittently.

The title "King of the Franks" (Template:Lang-la) remained in use until the reign of Philip IV. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the people, not to the territory of France.


Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "List of French monarchs" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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