Lineage selection
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| - | + | '''Lineage selection''', occurs when the frequency of one biological [[Lineage (evolution)|lineage]] changes in frequency relative to another lineage. Lineage selection is a generalization of individual based [[natural selection]]; the stating that an allele is favored by natural selection is equivalent to stating that the lineage bearing the allele is favored by natural selection. | |
| - | '''Fitness''' (often denoted '''<math>w</math>''' or '''ω''' in [[population genetics]] models) is the [[Numerical data|quantitative]] representation of [[natural selection|natural]] and [[sexual selection]] within [[evolution|evolutionary biology]]. It can be defined either with respect to a [[genotype]] or to a [[phenotype]] in a given environment. In either case, it describes individual [[reproductive success]] and is equal to the [[expected value|average contribution]] to the [[gene pool]] of the next generation that is made by individuals of the specified genotype or phenotype. The fitness of a genotype is manifested through its phenotype, which is also affected by the developmental environment. The fitness of a given phenotype can also be different in different selective environments. | + | |
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| - | With [[asexual reproduction]], it is sufficient to assign fitnesses to genotypes. With [[sexual reproduction]], genotypes are scrambled every generation. In this case, fitness values can be assigned to [[allele]]s by averaging over possible genetic backgrounds. Natural selection tends to make [[allele]]s with higher fitness more common over time, resulting in [[Darwinism|Darwinian]] evolution. | + | |
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| - | The term "Darwinian fitness" can be used to make clear the distinction with [[physical fitness]]. Fitness does not include a measure of survival or life-span; [[Herbert Spencer]]'s well-known phrase "[[survival of the fittest]]" should be interpreted as: "Survival of the form (phenotypic or genotypic) that will leave the most copies of itself in successive generations." | + | |
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| - | [[Inclusive fitness]] differs from individual fitness by including the ability of an allele in one individual to promote the survival and/or reproduction of other individuals that share that allele, in preference to individuals with a different allele. One mechanism of inclusive fitness is [[kin selection]]. | + | |
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| - | == See also == | + | |
| - | * [[Gene-centered view of evolution]] | + | |
| - | * [[Inclusive fitness]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lineage selection]] | + | |
| - | * [[Natural selection]] | + | |
| - | * [[Reproductive success]] | + | |
| - | * [[Selection coefficient]] | + | |
| - | * [[Universal Darwinism]] | + | |
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Lineage selection, occurs when the frequency of one biological lineage changes in frequency relative to another lineage. Lineage selection is a generalization of individual based natural selection; the stating that an allele is favored by natural selection is equivalent to stating that the lineage bearing the allele is favored by natural selection.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Lineage selection" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
