Labour economics
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| - | [[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The usage of new materials such as [[iron]], [[steel]], [[concrete]] and [[glass]] is ascribed an important place, with [[the Crystal Palace]] by [[Joseph Paxton]] to house the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]]. Historians have seen [[the Crystal Palace]] as a reaction to the [[eclecticism]] and "[[poor taste]]" of the [[Victorian Era]] fuelled by the possibilities of the [[Industrial Revolution]].]] | + | [[Image:Mechanic.jpg|thumb|200px|right|"[[Powerhouse mechanic working on steam pump]]," [[1920]]]] |
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | The '''Industrial Revolution''' was a major shift of [[technology|technological]], [[socioeconomics|socioeconomic]], and [[cultural]] conditions that occurred in the late 18th century and early 19th century in some [[Western world|Western countries]]. It began in [[Great Britain|Britain]] and spread throughout the world, a process that continues as [[industrialisation]]. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human social history, comparable to [[neolithic revolution|the invention of farming]] or [[Civilisation#Development_of_early_civilizations|the rise of the first city-states]]; | + | '''Labour economics''' seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the [[market]] for labour. '''Labour markets''' function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services (workers), the demanders of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and income. |
| - | almost every aspect of daily life and human society is, eventually, in some way influenced. | + | |
| - | == Mass media == | + | |
| - | Mass media and the Industrial Revolution: While some have placed the origins of [[mass media]] in the [[Enlightenment]] era, I hold that it is a product of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and started in the [[1830s]] with the arrival of advertising-supported cheap newspapers and [[mass literacy]]. See also: [[popular prints]] | + | In [[economics]], '''labour''' is a measure of the work done by human beings. It is conventionally contrasted with such other [[factors of production]] as [[Land (economics)|land]] and [[Capital (economics)|capital]]. There are theories which have developed a concept called [[human capital]] (referring to the skills that workers possess, not necessarily their actual work), although there are also counter posing macro-economic system theories that think human capital is a contradiction in terms. |
| - | == Kitsch == | + | ==See also== |
| - | [[Kitsch]] is a by-product of the Industrial Revolution which made it possible to mass-produce cultural artifacts. See also the introduction to this entry, explaining the relation between [[The Painter of Modern Life|Baudelaire's views on art consumption]] and the idea of kitsch. Since the Industrial Revolution the Mona Lisa has become both high art (in its original form) and kitsch (in the numerous engravings and reproductions). | + | * [[Wages]] |
| + | * [[Conditional factor demands]] | ||
| + | * [[Frisch elasticity of labor supply|Frisch elasticity of labour supply]] | ||
| + | * [[Unemployment]] | ||
| + | * [[Beveridge curve]] | ||
| + | * [[Consumer theory]] | ||
| + | * [[Production theory basics]] | ||
| + | * [[Microeconomics]] | ||
| + | * [[Labour power]] | ||
| + | * [[Monopsony]] | ||
| + | * [[Employment Protection Legislation]] | ||
| + | * [[Labour market flexibility]] | ||
| + | * [[Economic rent]] | ||
| + | * [[Compensation of employees]] | ||
| + | * [[Employment]] | ||
| + | * [[Industrial relations]] | ||
| + | * [[Human resources]] | ||
| + | ** [[Human Resource Management Systems]] | ||
| + | * [[Offshore outsourcing]] | ||
| + | * [[Profession]] | ||
| + | * [[Retirement]] | ||
| + | * [[Human capital]] | ||
| + | * [[Housework]] | ||
| + | * [[Manual labour]] | ||
| + | * [[Slavery]] | ||
| + | * [[Unfree labour]] | ||
| + | * [[Volunteer]] | ||
| + | * [[Wage slavery]] | ||
| + | * [[Wage labour]] | ||
| + | * [[Cost the limit of price]] | ||
| + | * [[Demographic economics]] | ||
| - | == Romanticism == | ||
| - | Concurrent with the industrial revolution there developed an intellectual and artistic hostility towards the new industrialisation known as the [[Romantic Movement]]. Its major exponents included the artist and poet William Blake, and poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats and Shelley. The movement stressed the importance of "nature" in art and language, in contrast to the 'monstrous' machines and factories. In Blake's words they were the, "Dark satanic mills" of his poem ''[[And did those feet in ancient time]]''. | ||
| - | ==Socialism== | ||
| - | [[Socialism]] emerged as a critique of capitalism. Marxism began essentially as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. According to [[Karl Marx]], industrialisation polarised society into the [[bourgeoisie]] (those who own the [[means of production]], the factories and the land) and the much larger [[proletariat]] (the working class who actually perform the [[Labour economics|labour]] necessary to extract something valuable from the means of production). He saw the industrialisation process as the logical [[dialectic]]al progression of feudal economic modes, necessary for the full development of capitalism, which he saw as in itself a necessary precursor to the development of [[socialism]] and eventually [[communism]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Pre-industrial society]] | ||
| - | * [[Dialectics of progress]] | ||
| - | * [[Information revolution]] | ||
| - | * [[Commercial Revolution]] | ||
| - | * [[Scientific Revolution]] | ||
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Revision as of 12:13, 12 June 2014
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Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the market for labour. Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services (workers), the demanders of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and income.
In economics, labour is a measure of the work done by human beings. It is conventionally contrasted with such other factors of production as land and capital. There are theories which have developed a concept called human capital (referring to the skills that workers possess, not necessarily their actual work), although there are also counter posing macro-economic system theories that think human capital is a contradiction in terms.
See also
- Wages
- Conditional factor demands
- Frisch elasticity of labour supply
- Unemployment
- Beveridge curve
- Consumer theory
- Production theory basics
- Microeconomics
- Labour power
- Monopsony
- Employment Protection Legislation
- Labour market flexibility
- Economic rent
- Compensation of employees
- Employment
- Industrial relations
- Human resources
- Offshore outsourcing
- Profession
- Retirement
- Human capital
- Housework
- Manual labour
- Slavery
- Unfree labour
- Volunteer
- Wage slavery
- Wage labour
- Cost the limit of price
- Demographic economics
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Labour economics" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
