Justice
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "[[Justice]] being taken away, then, what are [[monarchy|kingdom]]s but great [[Robbery|robberies]]? For what are robberies themselves, but little kingdoms? The band itself is made up of men; it is ruled by the authority of a prince, it is knit together by the pact of the confederacy; the [[booty]] is divided by the law agreed on. [...] Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to [[Alexander the Great]] by a [[piracy|pirate]] who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, 'What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a [[robber]], while you who does it with a great fleet are styled [[emperor]]'."--''[[The City of God]]'' (5th century) by [[St. Augustine]] | ||
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| - | To judge between [[good and evil]]. | ||
| - | Justice is a concept involving the fair, moral, and impartial treatment of all persons —often seen as the continued effort to do what is "right". Justice is a particularly foundational concept within most systems of "law," and draws highly upon established and well-regarded social traditions and values. From the perspective of pragmatism, it is the name for a fair result. -- [Nov 2005] | + | '''Justice''' is the legal or philosophical theory by which [[fairness]] is administered. The concept of justice differs in every [[culture]]. An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher [[Plato]] in his work ''[[The Republic]]''. Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God. In the 17th century, theorists like [[John Locke]] argued for the theory of [[natural law]]. Thinkers in the [[social contract]] tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned. In the 19th century, [[utilitarian]] thinkers including [[John Stuart Mill]] argued that justice is what has the best consequences. Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the ''proper'' distribution. [[Egalitarianism|Egalitarians]] argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. [[John Rawls]] used a [[social contract]] argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness. Property rights theorists (like [[Robert Nozick]]) take a deontological view of distributive justice and argue that property rights-based justice maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system. Theories of retributive justice are concerned with [[punishment]] for wrongdoing. Restorative justice (also sometimes called "reparative justice") is an approach to justice that focuses on restoring what is good, and necessarily focuses on the needs of victims and offenders. |
| - | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007] | + | ==See also== |
| + | * [[Criminal justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Distributive justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Good and evil]] | ||
| + | * [[Ethics]] | ||
| + | * [[Global justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Just war]] | ||
| + | * [[Justice (economics)]] | ||
| + | * [[Morality]] | ||
| + | * [[Poetic justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Retributive justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Social justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Just war theory]] | ||
| + | * [[Justice (disambiguation)]] | ||
| + | {{GFDL}} | ||
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"Justice being taken away, then, what are kingdoms but great robberies? For what are robberies themselves, but little kingdoms? The band itself is made up of men; it is ruled by the authority of a prince, it is knit together by the pact of the confederacy; the booty is divided by the law agreed on. [...] Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to Alexander the Great by a pirate who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, 'What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a robber, while you who does it with a great fleet are styled emperor'."--The City of God (5th century) by St. Augustine |
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Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered. The concept of justice differs in every culture. An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic. Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God. In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law. Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned. In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences. Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the proper distribution. Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness. Property rights theorists (like Robert Nozick) take a deontological view of distributive justice and argue that property rights-based justice maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system. Theories of retributive justice are concerned with punishment for wrongdoing. Restorative justice (also sometimes called "reparative justice") is an approach to justice that focuses on restoring what is good, and necessarily focuses on the needs of victims and offenders.
See also
- Criminal justice
- Distributive justice
- Good and evil
- Ethics
- Global justice
- Just war
- Justice (economics)
- Morality
- Poetic justice
- Retributive justice
- Social justice
- Just war theory
- Justice (disambiguation)
