Joan of Arc
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| - | {{Template}}'''Joan of Arc''' is the English name of '''Jeanne d'Arc''', also called the '''Maid of Orléans''', a national [[heroine]] of [[France]] and [[saint]] of the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]] who was born in [[1412]] and [[executed]] in [[1431]]. | + | {{Template}} |
| + | '''Joan of Arc''' is the English name of '''Jeanne d'Arc''', also called the '''Maid of Orléans''', a national [[heroine]] of [[France]] and [[saint]] of the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]] who was born in [[1412]] and [[executed]] in [[1431]]. She was a close friend of serial killer [[Gilles de Rais]]. | ||
| She was tried and executed for heresy when she was only 19 years old. The judgment was broken by the Pope and she was declared innocent and a [[martyr]] 24 years later. She was [[Beatification|beatified]] in 1909 and [[Canonization|canonized]] as a [[saint]] in 1920. | She was tried and executed for heresy when she was only 19 years old. The judgment was broken by the Pope and she was declared innocent and a [[martyr]] 24 years later. She was [[Beatification|beatified]] in 1909 and [[Canonization|canonized]] as a [[saint]] in 1920. | ||
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| Joan asserted that she had visions from [[God]] which told her to recover her homeland from [[England|English]] domination late in the [[Hundred Years' War]]. The uncrowned [[Charles VII of France|King Charles VII]] sent her to the [[Siege of Orléans|siege at Orléans]] as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at [[Reims]] and settled the disputed succession to the throne. | Joan asserted that she had visions from [[God]] which told her to recover her homeland from [[England|English]] domination late in the [[Hundred Years' War]]. The uncrowned [[Charles VII of France|King Charles VII]] sent her to the [[Siege of Orléans|siege at Orléans]] as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at [[Reims]] and settled the disputed succession to the throne. | ||
| - | The renewed French confidence outlasted her own brief career. She refused to leave the field when she was wounded during an attempt to recapture [[Paris]] that [[autumn]]. Hampered by court intrigues, she led only minor companies from then onward and fell prisoner at a skirmish near [[Compiegne|Compiègne]] the following spring. A politically motivated trial convicted her of [[Christian heresy|heresy]]. The English regent [[John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford]] had her [[Execution by burning|burnt at the stake]] in [[Rouen]]. She had been the heroine of her country at the age of 17 and died when only 19 years old. Some 24 years later, [[Pope Callixtus III]] reopened the case, and a new finding overturned the original conviction. Her piety to the end impressed the retrial court. [[Pope Benedict XV]] [[Canonization|canonized]] her on [[May 16]], [[1920]]. | + | ==See also== |
| - | + | *[[Charles VI of France]] | |
| - | She has remained an important figure in Western culture and many other nations. From [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] to the present, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory. Major writers and composers who have created works about her include [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[Voltaire]], [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]], [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], [[Mark Twain|Twain]], [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]], [[Bertolt Brecht|Brecht]], [[Maxwell Anderson|Anderson]], [[Arthur Honegger|Honegger]], [[Leonard Cohen|Cohen]] and [[Jean Anouilh|Anouilh]]. [[Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc|Depictions of her]] continue in film, television, song, and even [[Jeanne d'Arc (video game)|video games]]. | + | *[[Charles VII of France]] |
| - | + | *''[[The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World]]'', a book describing 15 [[battle|military engagement]]s which, in the opinion of the author, had a [[macro-historical|significant impact on world history]]. The Siege of Orléans is included. | |
| + | *[[Françoise de Cezelli]] | ||
| + | *[[Gilles de Rais]] | ||
| + | *[[Henry V of England]] | ||
| + | *[[Jean d'Aulon]] | ||
| + | *[[Joan of Arc (DuBois)|Joan of Arc]], a sculpture in Washington, D.C. | ||
| + | *[[Joanna of Flanders]] | ||
| + | *[[John the Fearless]] | ||
| + | *[[List of women warriors in folklore]] | ||
| + | *[[Maid of Lorraine prophecies]] | ||
| + | *[[Marie of Anjou]] | ||
| + | *[[Philip the Good]] | ||
| + | *[[Pierronne]] | ||
| + | *[[Yolande of Aragon]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 23:28, 19 October 2013
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Joan of Arc is the English name of Jeanne d'Arc, also called the Maid of Orléans, a national heroine of France and saint of the Catholic Church who was born in 1412 and executed in 1431. She was a close friend of serial killer Gilles de Rais.
She was tried and executed for heresy when she was only 19 years old. The judgment was broken by the Pope and she was declared innocent and a martyr 24 years later. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized as a saint in 1920.
Joan asserted that she had visions from God which told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege at Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne.
See also
- Charles VI of France
- Charles VII of France
- The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, a book describing 15 military engagements which, in the opinion of the author, had a significant impact on world history. The Siege of Orléans is included.
- Françoise de Cezelli
- Gilles de Rais
- Henry V of England
- Jean d'Aulon
- Joan of Arc, a sculpture in Washington, D.C.
- Joanna of Flanders
- John the Fearless
- List of women warriors in folklore
- Maid of Lorraine prophecies
- Marie of Anjou
- Philip the Good
- Pierronne
- Yolande of Aragon
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