Joachim von Sandrart  

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-The '''''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects''''', or ''Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori'' as it was originally known in Italian, is a series of artist biographies written by 16th century Italian painter and architect [[Giorgio Vasari]].+[[Image:Joachim-Sandrart-1.jpg|thumb|Joachim von Sandrart.]]
-==Influence==+
-Vasari's ''Vite'' is the most influential single text for the history of Renaissance art" and "the most important work of Renaissance biography of artists". ([[Gombrich]]) Its influence is situated mainly in three domains: as an example for contemporary and later biographers and art historians, as a defining factor in the view on the Renaissance and the role of Florence and Rome in it, and as a major source of information on the lives and works of early Italian artists. +
-The ''Vite'' have been translated wholly or partially into many languages, including English, Dutch, German, Spanish and French.+'''Joachim von Sandrart''' (12 May 1606 – 14 October 1688) was a [[Germany|German]] [[Baroque]] art-historian and [[Painting|painter]], active in [[Amsterdam]] during the [[Dutch Golden Age]].
-===Flood of artist biographies===+==Biography==
-The ''Vite'' started a wave of artist biographies. Other, mainly 17th century biographers often were called the Vasari of their country. [[Karel Van Mander]] in the [[Netherlands]] was probably the first Vasarian author with his ''Het Schilderboeck'' (''The Painters' Book'') from 1604, the first comprehensive list of biographies of painters from the [[Low Countries]]. [[Joachim von Sandrart]] (1606-1688), author of ''Deutsche Akademie'', was known as the "German Vasari". In England, [[William Aglionby|Aglionby]]'s ''Painting Illustrated'' from 1685 was largely based on Vasari as well. +Sandrart was born in [[Frankfurt]], but the family originated from [[Mons]]. According to Houbraken (who used his Teutsche Akademie as a primary source), he learned to read and write from the son of [[Theodor de Bry]], Johann Theodoor de Brie and his associate [[Matthäus Merian]], but at age 15 was so eager to learn more of the art of engraving, that he walked from Frankfurt to [[Prague]] to become a pupil of Gillis Sadelaar (also known as Aegidius Sadeler of the [[Sadeler family]]). Sadelaar in turn urged him to paint, whereupon he travelled to [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] in 1625 to become a pupil of [[Gerrit van Honthorst]], and through him he met [[Rubens]] when he brought a visit to Honthorst in 1627, to recruit him for collaboration on part of his [[Marie de' Medici cycle]]. Honthorst took Sandrart along with him when he travelled to [[London]]. There he worked with Honthorst and spent time making copies of [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Holbein]] portraits for the portrait gallery of [[Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel]].
-===View of the Renaissance===+Making all of those copies only served to arouse more curiosity in the young adventurer, and in 1627 Sandrart booked a passage on a ship from London to [[Venice]], where he was welcomed by [[Jan Lis]] (whose [[Bentvueghels]] ''bent'' name was "Pan"), and Nicolaas Ringnerus. He then set out for [[Bologna]], where he was met by his cousin on his father's side [[Michael le Blond]], a celebrated engraver. With him, he crossed the mountains to [[Florence]], and from there on to [[Rome]], where they met [[Pieter van Laer]] (whose bent name was "Bamboccio"). Sandrart became famous as a portrait-painter.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} After a few years he undertook a tour of Italy, traveling to [[Naples]], where he drew studies of [[Mount Vesuvius]], believed to be the entrance to the [[Elysian fields]] described by [[Virgil]]. From there he traveled to [[Malta]] and beyond, searching for literary sights to see and paint, and wherever he went he paid his way by selling portraits. Only when he was done traveling did he finally return to Frankfurt, where he married Johanna de Milkau.
-The ''Vite'' is also important as the basis for discussions on the development of style. It influenced the view art historians had of the Early Renaissance for a long time, placing too much emphasis on the achievements of Florentian and Roman artists while ignoring those of the rest of Italy and certainly the artists from the rest of Europe. +
-===Source of information===+Afraid of political unrest and plague, he moved to Amsterdam with his wife in 1637.
-Finally, it has also been for centuries the most important source for info on [[Early Renaissance]] Italian (and especially [[Tuscany|Tuscan]]) painters and the attribution of their paintings. In 1899, an author like [[John Addington Symonds]] used the ''Vite'' as one of his basic sources for the description of artists in his 7 books on ''[[Renaissance in Italy]]'', and nowadays it is still, despite its obvious biases and shortcomings, the basis for the biography of many artists like [[Leonardo da Vinci]].+
-== Contents ==+==Painting career==
-The ''Vite'' contains the biographies of many important Italian artists, and is also adopted as a sort of classical reference guide for their names, which are sometimes used in different ways. The following list respects the order of the book, as divided into its three parts. The book starts with a dedication to [[Cosimo de' Medici]] and a preface, and then starts with technical and background texts about architecture, sculpture, and painting. A second preface follows, introducing the actual "Vite" in parts 2 to 5. What follows is the complete list from the second (1568) edition. In a few cases, different very short biographies were given in one section.+In Amsterdam he worked as a painter of [[genre works]], and portraits. He won a very good following as a painter, winning a lucrative commission for a large commemorative piece for the state visit by [[Maria of Medici]] in 1638, which hangs in the [[Rijksmuseum]]. This piece was commissioned by the Bicker Company of the Amsterdam ''[[schutterij]]'', and shows the members posing around a bust of Maria of Medici, with a poem by [[Joost van den Vondel]] hanging below it. The state visit was a big deal for Amsterdam, as it meant the first formal recognition of the [[Dutch Republic]] of the seven provinces by [[France]]. However, Maria herself was fleeing [[Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]] at the time and never returned to France. This piece cemented his reputation as a leading painter, and in 1645 Sandrart decided to cash in and go home when he received an inheritance in Stockau, outside [[Ingolstadt]], he sold his things and moved there. He received 3000 guilders for 2 books of his Italian drawings, that according to Houbraken
 +were resold in his lifetime for 4555 guilders<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01/houb005groo01_01_0136.htm Joachim Sandrart biography] in ''De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen'' (1718) by [[Arnold Houbraken]], courtesy of the [[Digital library for Dutch literature]]</ref>.
-=== Part 2 ===+Though he rebuilt the old homestead, it was burned by the French. He sold it and moved to [[Augsburg]], where he painted for the family of the Elector of Bavaria. When his wife died in 1672, Sandrart moved to [[Nuremberg]], where he married Hester Barbara Bloemaart, the daughter of a magistrate there. This is where he started writing.
-* [[Cimabue]]+
-* [[Arnolfo di Cambio|Arnolfo di Lapo]], with [[Bonnano Pisano|Bonnano]]+
-* [[Nicola Pisano]]+
-* [[Giovanni Pisano]]+
-* [[Andrea Tafi (artist)|Andrea Tafi]]+
-* [[Gaddo Gaddi]]+
-* [[Margaritone d'Arezzo|Margaritone]]+
-* [[Giotto di Bondone|Giotto]], with [[Puccio Capanna]]+
-* [[Agostino da Siena|Agostino]] and [[Agnolo da Siena|Agnolo]]+
-* [[Stefano di Giovanni|Stefano]] and [[Ugolino di Nerio|Ugolino]]+
-* [[Pietro Lorenzetti]] (Pietro Laurati)+
-* [[Andrea Pisano]]+
-* [[Buonamico Buffalmacco]]+
-* [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]] (Ambruogio Laurati)+
-* [[Pietro Cavallini]]+
-* [[Simone Martini]] with [[Lippo Memmi]]+
-* [[Taddeo Gaddi]]+
-* [[Andrea Orcagna]] (Andrea di Cione)+
-* [[Giottino|Tomasso Fiorentino]]+
-* [[Giovanni da Ponte]]+
-* [[Agnolo Gaddi]]+
-* [[Barna da Siena|Berna Sanese]] (Barna da Siena)+
-* [[Duccio]]+
-* [[Antonio Veneziano (painter)|Antonio Viniziano]] (Antonio Veneziano)+
-* [[Jacopo di Casentino]]+
-* [[Spinello Aretino]]+
-* [[Gherardo Starnina]]+
-* [[Lippo Memmi|Lippo]]+
-* [[Lorenzo Monaco]]+
-* [[Taddeo Bartoli]]+
-* [[Lorenzo di Bicci]]+
-=== Part 3 ===+His large 1649 painting ''Peace-Banquet'' commemorating the [[Peace of Münster]], now hangs in Nuremberg's town hall.
-* [[Jacopo della Quercia]]+<gallery>
-* [[Niccolò di Piero Lamberti|Niccolo Aretino]] (Niccolò di Piero Lamberti) +:Image:Sandrart, Joachim von - February - 1642.jpg|Personification of ''February'' (one of a series), 1642
-* [[Dello di Niccolò Delli|Dello]] (Dello di Niccolò Delli)+:Image:Joachim von Sandrart 001.jpg|''November'' (same series).
-* [[Nanni di Banco]]+:Image:Joachim von Sandrart 009.jpg|Painting of [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]], 1643.
-* [[Luca della Robbia]]+:Image:Joachim von Sandrart 008.jpg|Pendant marriage portrait [[Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1610–1665)]], 1643.
-* [[Paolo Uccello]]+</gallery>
-* [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]]+==Teutsche Akademie==
-* [[Masolino da Panicale]]+He is best known as an author of books on art, some of them in [[Latin]], and especially for his historical work, the ''Teutsche Akademie''<ref>[http://ta.sandrart.net Sandrart.net - online version of Teutsche Akademie] in German, but with some English navigation aids</ref>, published between 1675 and 1680, of which there is a more recent edition by Sponsel (1896). This work is a educational compilation of short biographies of artists, that was inspired by [[Karel van Mander]]'s similar ''Schilder-boeck''<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=mand001schi01 Schilder-boeck] online version from the [[DBNL]].</ref>. Both Sandrart and van Mander based their [[Italy|Italian]] sections on the work of [[Giorgio Vasari]]. His work in turn became one of the primary sources for [[Arnold Houbraken]]'s ''Schouburg''<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01 Schouburg] online version from the [[DBNL]].</ref>, who wrote a little poem about him:
-* [[Parri Spinelli]]+{{quote|
-* [[Tommaso Masaccio|Masaccio]]+Wat arbeid, moeite, en yver,
-* [[Filippo Brunelleschi]]+:''What work, trouble, and dedication,''
-* [[Donatello]]+En nazoek dat een Schryver
-* [[Michelozzo Michelozzi]]+:''And research that a Writer''
-* [[Antonio Filarete]] and [[Simone Ghini|Simone]] (Simone Ghini)+Steets doen moet, weet niemant;
-* [[Giuliano da Maiano]]+:''Has to do, knows only''
-* [[Piero della Francesca]]+Als die 't zelf neemt ter hand.
-* [[Fra Angelico]]+:''The one who has taken it in hand himself.''
-* [[Leon Battista Alberti]]+}}
-* [[Lazaro Vasari]]+Sandrart published the first biography of the German artist [[Matthias Grünewald]], and incorrectly bestowed on the artist the name ''Grünewald'' by which he is now popularly known.
-* [[Antonello da Messina]]+
-* [[Alessio Baldovinetti]]+
-* [[Bartolomeo Bellano|Vellano da Padova]] (Bartolomeo Bellano) +
-* [[Fra Filippo Lippi]]+
-* [[Paolo Romano]], [[Mino del Reame]], [[Chimenti Camicia]], and [[Baccio Pontelli]]+
-* [[Andrea del Castagno]]+
-* [[Domenico Veneziano]]+
-* [[Gentile da Fabriano]]+
-* [[Pisanello|Vittore Pisanello]]+
-* [[Francesco di Pesello|Pesello]] and [[Francesco Pesellino]]+
-* [[Benozzo Gozzoli]]+
-* [[Francesco di Giorgio]] and [[Vecchietta]] (Lorenzo di Pietro)+
-* [[Galasso Galassi|Galasso Ferrarese]]+
-* [[Antonio Rossellino]]+
-* [[Bernardo Rossellino]]+
-* [[Desiderio da Settignano]]+
-* [[Mino da Fiesole]]+
-* [[Lorenzo Costa]]+
-* [[Ercole Ferrarese]]+
-* [[Jacopo Bellini]]+
-* [[Giovanni Bellini]]+
-* [[Gentile Bellini]]+
-* [[Cosimo Rosselli]]+
-* [[Francesco d’Angelo|Il Cecca]] (Francesco d’Angelo) +
-* [[Bartolomeo della Gatta|Don Bartolomeo Abbate di S. Clemente]] (Bartolomeo della Gatta)+
-* [[Gherardo Silvani]]+
-* [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]]+
-* [[Antonio Pollaiuolo]]+
-* [[Piero Pollaiuolo]]+
-* [[Sandro Botticelli]]+
-* [[Benedetto da Maiano]]+
-* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]]+
-* [[Andrea Mantegna]]+
-* [[Filippino Lippi]]+
-* [[Pinturicchio|Bernardino Pinturicchio]]+
-* [[Francesco Francia]]+
-* [[Perugino|Pietro Perugino]]+
-* [[Vittore Carpaccio|Vittore Scarpaccia]]+
-* [[Jacopo Torni|Iacopo detto l'Indaco]] (Jacopo Torni)+
-* [[Luca Signorelli]]+
-* [[Sofonisba Anguissola]]+
-=== Part 4 ===+{{commons|Joachim von Sandrart}}
-* [[Leonardo da Vinci]]+==References==
-* [[Giorgione da Castelfranco]]+{{Reflist}}
-* [[Antonio da Correggio]]+*{{1911}}
-* [[Piero di Cosimo]]+* Teutsche Academie der Bau-, Bild- und Mahlerey-Künste, Joachim von Sandrart, Nürnberg 1675, 1679, 1680
-* [[Donato Bramante]] (Bramante da Urbino)+
-* [[Fra Bartolomeo]] Di San Marco +
-* [[Mariotto Albertinelli]] +
-* [[Raffaellino del Garbo]] +
-* [[Pietro Torrigiano]] (''Torrigiano'')+
-* [[Giuliano da Sangallo]]+
-* [[Antonio da Sangallo]]+
-* [[Raffaello Santi|Raphael]]+
-* [[Guillaume de Marcillat]]+
-* [[Simone del Pollaiolo]] (''il Cronaca'')+
-* [[Davide Ghirlandaio]] and [[Benedetto Ghirlandaio]]+
-* [[Domenico Puligo]]+
-* [[Andrea Ferrucci|Andrea da Fiesole]]+
-* [[Vincenzo Tamagni|Vincenzo da San Gimignano]] and [[Timoteo della Vite|Timoteo da Urbino]]+
-* [[Andrea Sansovino]] (''Andrea dal Monte Sansovino'')+
-* [[Benedetto Grazzini|Benedetto da Rovezzano]] +
-* [[Baccio da Montelupo]] and [[Raffaello da Montelupo]] (father and son)+
-* [[Lorenzo di Credi]]+
-* [[Boccaccio Boccaccino]] (''Boccaccino Cremonese'') +
-* [[Lorenzetto]] +
-* [[Baldassare Peruzzi]]+
-* [[Pellegrino Aretusi|Pellegrino da Modena]] (Pellegrino Aretusi)+
-* [[Gianfrancesco Penni|Giovan Francesco]], also known as ''il Fattore'' +
-* [[Andrea del Sarto]]+
-* [[Francesco Granacci]]+
-* [[Baccio D'Agnolo]]+
-* [[Properzia de’ Rossi]]+
-* [[Alfonso Lombardi]]+
-* [[Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli|Michele Agnolo]] (Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli)+
-* [[Girolamo Santacroce]] +
-* [[Dosso Dossi]] and [[Battista Dossi]] (Dossi brothers)+
-* [[Il Pordenone|Giovanni Antonio Licino]]+
-* [[Rosso Fiorentino]]+
-* [[Giovanni Antonio Sogliani]] +
-* [[Girolamo da Treviso]] (''Girolamo Da Trevigi'') +
-* [[Polidoro da Caravaggio]] and [[Maturino da Firenze]](''Maturino Fiorentino'') +
-* [[Bartolommeo Ramenghi]] (''Bartolomeo Da Bagnacavallo'') +
-* [[Marco Calabrese]]+
-* [[Morto Da Feltro]] +
-* [[Franciabigio]] +
-* [[Francesco Mazzola]]+
-* [[Jacopo Palma]] (Il Palma)+
-* [[Lorenzo Lotto]]+
-* [[Giovanni Giocondo|Fra Gocondo]]+
-* [[Francesco Granacci]]+
-* [[Baccio d'Agnolo]]+
-* [[Valerio Belli|Valerio Vicentino]] (Valerio Belli), [[Giovanni Bernardi|Giovanni da Castel Bolognese]] (Giovanni Bernardi) and [[Matteo dal Nasaro Veronese]]+
- +
-===Part 5===+
-* [[Marcantonio Raimondi|Marcantonio Bolognese]]+
-* [[Antonio da Sangallo]]+
-* [[Giulio Romano]]+
-* [[Sebastiano del Piombo]] (Sebastiano Viniziano)+
-* [[Perin del Vaga|Perino Del Vaga]]+
-* [[Giovanni Antonio Lappoli|Giovann'Antonio Lappoli]]+
-* [[Niccolò Soggi]]+
-* [[Niccolò Tribolo|Niccolò detto il Tribolo]]+
-* [[Pierino da Vinci]]+
-* [[Domenico Beccafumi]]+
-* [[Baccio Bandinelli]]+
-* [[Giuliano Bugiardini]]+
-* [[Cristofano Gherardi]]+
-* [[Jacopo da Pontormo]]+
-* [[Simone Mosca]]+
-* [[Girolamo Genga]], [[Bartolommeo Genga]] and [[Giovanni Battista Belluzzi|Giovanbatista San Marino]] (Giovanni Battista Belluzzi)+
-* [[Michele Sanmicheli]]+
-* [[Il Sodoma|Giovannantonio detto il Soddoma da Verzelli]]+
-* [[Bastiano da Sangallo|Bastiano detto Aristotile da San Gallo]]+
-* [[Benvenuto Tisi (il Garofalo)|Benedetto Garofalo]] and [[Girolamo da Carpi]]+
-* [[Ridolfo Ghirlandaio]], [[Davide Ghirlandaio]] and [[Benedetto Ghirlandaio]]+
-* [[Giovanni da Udine]]+
-* [[Battista Franco]]+
-* [[Giovanni Francesco Rustici|Francesco Rustichi]]+
-* [[Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli|Fra' Giovann'Agnolo Montorsoli]]+
-* [[Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati)|Francesco detto de' Salviati]]+
-* [[Daniele da Volterra|Daniello Ricciarelli da Volterra]]+
-* [[Taddeo Zuccari|Taddeo Zucchero]]+
- +
-===Part 6===+
-* [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] (Michelangelo)+
-* [[Francesco Primaticcio]]+
-* [[Titian|Tiziano da Cadore]] (Titian)+
-* [[Jacopo Sansovino]]+
-* [[Leone Leoni|Lione Aretino]] (Leone Leoni)+
-* [[Giulio Clovio]], [[illuminated manuscript|manuscript illuminator]]+
-* [[Bronzino]]+
-* [[Giorgio Vasari]]+
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Joachim von Sandrart.

Joachim von Sandrart (12 May 1606 – 14 October 1688) was a German Baroque art-historian and painter, active in Amsterdam during the Dutch Golden Age.

Contents

Biography

Sandrart was born in Frankfurt, but the family originated from Mons. According to Houbraken (who used his Teutsche Akademie as a primary source), he learned to read and write from the son of Theodor de Bry, Johann Theodoor de Brie and his associate Matthäus Merian, but at age 15 was so eager to learn more of the art of engraving, that he walked from Frankfurt to Prague to become a pupil of Gillis Sadelaar (also known as Aegidius Sadeler of the Sadeler family). Sadelaar in turn urged him to paint, whereupon he travelled to Utrecht in 1625 to become a pupil of Gerrit van Honthorst, and through him he met Rubens when he brought a visit to Honthorst in 1627, to recruit him for collaboration on part of his Marie de' Medici cycle. Honthorst took Sandrart along with him when he travelled to London. There he worked with Honthorst and spent time making copies of Holbein portraits for the portrait gallery of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel.

Making all of those copies only served to arouse more curiosity in the young adventurer, and in 1627 Sandrart booked a passage on a ship from London to Venice, where he was welcomed by Jan Lis (whose Bentvueghels bent name was "Pan"), and Nicolaas Ringnerus. He then set out for Bologna, where he was met by his cousin on his father's side Michael le Blond, a celebrated engraver. With him, he crossed the mountains to Florence, and from there on to Rome, where they met Pieter van Laer (whose bent name was "Bamboccio"). Sandrart became famous as a portrait-painter.Template:Citation needed After a few years he undertook a tour of Italy, traveling to Naples, where he drew studies of Mount Vesuvius, believed to be the entrance to the Elysian fields described by Virgil. From there he traveled to Malta and beyond, searching for literary sights to see and paint, and wherever he went he paid his way by selling portraits. Only when he was done traveling did he finally return to Frankfurt, where he married Johanna de Milkau.

Afraid of political unrest and plague, he moved to Amsterdam with his wife in 1637.

Painting career

In Amsterdam he worked as a painter of genre works, and portraits. He won a very good following as a painter, winning a lucrative commission for a large commemorative piece for the state visit by Maria of Medici in 1638, which hangs in the Rijksmuseum. This piece was commissioned by the Bicker Company of the Amsterdam schutterij, and shows the members posing around a bust of Maria of Medici, with a poem by Joost van den Vondel hanging below it. The state visit was a big deal for Amsterdam, as it meant the first formal recognition of the Dutch Republic of the seven provinces by France. However, Maria herself was fleeing Richelieu at the time and never returned to France. This piece cemented his reputation as a leading painter, and in 1645 Sandrart decided to cash in and go home when he received an inheritance in Stockau, outside Ingolstadt, he sold his things and moved there. He received 3000 guilders for 2 books of his Italian drawings, that according to Houbraken were resold in his lifetime for 4555 guilders<ref>Joachim Sandrart biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature</ref>.

Though he rebuilt the old homestead, it was burned by the French. He sold it and moved to Augsburg, where he painted for the family of the Elector of Bavaria. When his wife died in 1672, Sandrart moved to Nuremberg, where he married Hester Barbara Bloemaart, the daughter of a magistrate there. This is where he started writing.

His large 1649 painting Peace-Banquet commemorating the Peace of Münster, now hangs in Nuremberg's town hall.

Teutsche Akademie

He is best known as an author of books on art, some of them in Latin, and especially for his historical work, the Teutsche Akademie<ref>Sandrart.net - online version of Teutsche Akademie in German, but with some English navigation aids</ref>, published between 1675 and 1680, of which there is a more recent edition by Sponsel (1896). This work is a educational compilation of short biographies of artists, that was inspired by Karel van Mander's similar Schilder-boeck<ref>Schilder-boeck online version from the DBNL.</ref>. Both Sandrart and van Mander based their Italian sections on the work of Giorgio Vasari. His work in turn became one of the primary sources for Arnold Houbraken's Schouburg<ref>Schouburg online version from the DBNL.</ref>, who wrote a little poem about him: Template:Quote Sandrart published the first biography of the German artist Matthias Grünewald, and incorrectly bestowed on the artist the name Grünewald by which he is now popularly known.

Template:Commons

References

Template:Reflist




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Joachim von Sandrart" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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