Jean-Léon Gérôme  

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'''Jean-Léon Gérôme''' ([[May 11]], [[1824]] – [[January 10]], [[1904]]) was a [[France|French]] [[academic art|academic]] [[painter]] and [[sculpture|sculptor]] who resisted the [[counter-revolutionary]] movements of [[Impressionism]] begun by [[Monet]] and [[Manet]], continuing the development and conservation of French [[neo-classicism]]. He produced many works in a [[historical]], [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] style. '''Jean-Léon Gérôme''' ([[May 11]], [[1824]] – [[January 10]], [[1904]]) was a [[France|French]] [[academic art|academic]] [[painter]] and [[sculpture|sculptor]] who resisted the [[counter-revolutionary]] movements of [[Impressionism]] begun by [[Monet]] and [[Manet]], continuing the development and conservation of French [[neo-classicism]]. He produced many works in a [[historical]], [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] style.
 +
 +==Life==
 +Born at [[Vesoul]] ([[Haute-Saône]]), he went to [[Paris]] in 1840 where he studied under [[Hippolyte Delaroche|Paul Delaroche]], whom he accompanied to [[Italy]] (1844-1845). On his return he followed, like many other students of Delaroche, into the atelier of [[Charles Gleyre]], and in turn exhibited ''The Cock-fight'', which gained him a third-class medal in the [[Paris Salon|Salon]] of 1847. This work was seen as the epitomy of the [[Neo-Grec]] movement that had formed out of Gleyre's studio, and was championed by the French critic [[Theophile Gautier]].''The Virgin with Christ'' and ''St John and Anacreon'', ''Bacchus and Cupid'' took a second-class medal in 1848. He exhibited ''Bacchus and Love, Drunk'', a ''Greek Interior'' and ''Souvenir d'Italie'', in 1851; ''Paestum'' (1852); and ''An Idyll'' (1853).
 +
 +In 1854 Gérôme made a journey to [[Turkey]] and the shores of the [[Danube]], and in 1857 visited [[Egypt]]. To the [[Exposition Universelle (1855)|exhibition of 1855]] he contributed a ''Pifferaro'', a ''Shepherd'', ''A Russian Concert'' and a large historical canvas, ''The Age of Augustus'' and the ''Birth of Christ''. The last was somewhat confused in effect, but in recognition of its consummate ability the State purchased it.
 +
 +Gérôme's reputation was greatly enhanced at the Salon of 1857 by a collection of works of a more popular kind: the ''Duel: after a Masquerade'', ''Egyptian Recruits crossing the Desert'', ''Memnon and Sesostris'' and ''Camels Watering'', the drawing of which was criticized by [[Edmond François Valentin About|Edmond About]].
 +
 +In ''Caesar'' (1859) Gérôme tried to return to a severer class of work, but the picture failed to interest the public. ''Phryne before the Areopagus'', ''Le Roi Candaule'' and ''Socrates finding Alcibiades in the House of Aspasia'' (1861) gave rise to some scandal by reason of the subjects selected by the painter, and brought down on him the bitter attacks of [[Paul Bins, comte de Saint Victor|Paul de Saint-Victor]] and [[Maxime Du Camp]]. At the same Salon he exhibited the ''Egyptian chopping Straw'', and ''[[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]] biting an Etching'', two very minutely finished works.
 +
 +Gérôme was elected a member of the [[Institut de France]] in 1865.
 +
 +Jean-Léon Gérôme died in 1904 and was buried in the [[Cimetière de Montmartre|Montmartre Cemetery]]. He was the father-in-law of the painter [[Aimé Morot]].
 +
 +==Selected works==
 +===Painting===
 +Gérôme's best paintings are of Eastern subjects; among these may be named:
 +* ''Turkish Prisoner and Turkish Butcher'' (1863)
 +* ''Prayer'' (1865)
 +* ''The Slave Market'' (1867)
 +* ''Excursion of the Harem'' (1869)
 +* ''[[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] and [[Molière]]'' (1863) – Historical theme
 +* ''The Reception of the [[Thailand|Siamese]] Ambassadors at [[Château de Fontainebleau|Fontainebleau]]'' (1865)
 +* ''Death of [[Michel Ney|Marshal Ney]]'' (1868)
 +
 +===Sculpture===
 +Gérôme was also successful as a [[sculpture|sculptor]]; he executed, among other works; ''Omphale'' (1887), and the statue of the [[Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale|duc d'Aumale]] which stands in front of the [[château of Chantilly]] (1899). His ''Bellona'' (1892), in ivory, metal, and precious stones, which was also exhibited in the [[Royal Academy of London]], attracted great attention. The artist then began an interesting series of Conquerors, wrought in gold, silver and gems ''Bonaparte entering Cairo'' (1897); ''Tamerlane'' (1898); and ''Frederick the Great'' (1899).
 +
 +==Pupils==
 +
 +His students included:
 +<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
 +* [[Dagnan-Bouveret]]
 +* [[Georges Ferdinand Bigot]]
 +* [[Frank Boggs]]
 +* [[Frederick Arthur Bridgman]]
 +* [[Dennis Miller Bunker]]
 +* [[Kenyon Cox]]
 +* [[William DeLeftwich Dodge]]
 +* [[Wynford Dewhurst]], R.B.A.
 +* [[Lecomte du Nouy]]
 +* [[Thomas Eakins]]
 +* [[Wyatt Eaton]]
 +* [[Delphin Enjolras]]
 +* [[Herbert Cyrus Farnum]]
 +* [[Alexander Harrison]]
 +* [[Robert Lee MacCameron]]
 +* [[Siddons Mowbray]]
 +* [[Aloysius O'Kelly]]
 +* [[Lawton Parker]]
 +* [[Paul Peel]]
 +* [[Harper Pennington]]
 +* [[William Picknell]]
 +*[[Théodore Ralli]]
 +* [[Julius Stewart]]
 +* [[Abbott Handerson Thayer]]
 +* [[Vasili Vasilyevich Vereshchagin]]
 +* [[Douglas Volk]]
 +* [[J. Alden Weir]]
 +</div>
== List of works == == List of works ==

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Jean-Léon Gérôme (May 11, 1824 – January 10, 1904) was a French academic painter and sculptor who resisted the counter-revolutionary movements of Impressionism begun by Monet and Manet, continuing the development and conservation of French neo-classicism. He produced many works in a historical, Orientalist style.

Contents

Life

Born at Vesoul (Haute-Saône), he went to Paris in 1840 where he studied under Paul Delaroche, whom he accompanied to Italy (1844-1845). On his return he followed, like many other students of Delaroche, into the atelier of Charles Gleyre, and in turn exhibited The Cock-fight, which gained him a third-class medal in the Salon of 1847. This work was seen as the epitomy of the Neo-Grec movement that had formed out of Gleyre's studio, and was championed by the French critic Theophile Gautier.The Virgin with Christ and St John and Anacreon, Bacchus and Cupid took a second-class medal in 1848. He exhibited Bacchus and Love, Drunk, a Greek Interior and Souvenir d'Italie, in 1851; Paestum (1852); and An Idyll (1853).

In 1854 Gérôme made a journey to Turkey and the shores of the Danube, and in 1857 visited Egypt. To the exhibition of 1855 he contributed a Pifferaro, a Shepherd, A Russian Concert and a large historical canvas, The Age of Augustus and the Birth of Christ. The last was somewhat confused in effect, but in recognition of its consummate ability the State purchased it.

Gérôme's reputation was greatly enhanced at the Salon of 1857 by a collection of works of a more popular kind: the Duel: after a Masquerade, Egyptian Recruits crossing the Desert, Memnon and Sesostris and Camels Watering, the drawing of which was criticized by Edmond About.

In Caesar (1859) Gérôme tried to return to a severer class of work, but the picture failed to interest the public. Phryne before the Areopagus, Le Roi Candaule and Socrates finding Alcibiades in the House of Aspasia (1861) gave rise to some scandal by reason of the subjects selected by the painter, and brought down on him the bitter attacks of Paul de Saint-Victor and Maxime Du Camp. At the same Salon he exhibited the Egyptian chopping Straw, and Rembrandt biting an Etching, two very minutely finished works.

Gérôme was elected a member of the Institut de France in 1865.

Jean-Léon Gérôme died in 1904 and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery. He was the father-in-law of the painter Aimé Morot.

Selected works

Painting

Gérôme's best paintings are of Eastern subjects; among these may be named:

  • Turkish Prisoner and Turkish Butcher (1863)
  • Prayer (1865)
  • The Slave Market (1867)
  • Excursion of the Harem (1869)
  • Louis XIV and Molière (1863) – Historical theme
  • The Reception of the Siamese Ambassadors at Fontainebleau (1865)
  • Death of Marshal Ney (1868)

Sculpture

Gérôme was also successful as a sculptor; he executed, among other works; Omphale (1887), and the statue of the duc d'Aumale which stands in front of the château of Chantilly (1899). His Bellona (1892), in ivory, metal, and precious stones, which was also exhibited in the Royal Academy of London, attracted great attention. The artist then began an interesting series of Conquerors, wrought in gold, silver and gems Bonaparte entering Cairo (1897); Tamerlane (1898); and Frederick the Great (1899).

Pupils

His students included:

List of works

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