January 2  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
- 
-* [[366]] - [[Alamanni]] cross the frozen [[Rhine River]] in large numbers, invading the [[Roman Empire]]. 
-* [[533]] - Mercurius becomes [[Pope]] [[Pope John II|John II]], the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the [[papacy]]. 
-*[[1492]] - [[Reconquista]]: [[Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] stronghold in [[Spain]], surrenders. 
-*[[1757]] - The [[United Kingdom]] captures [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[India]]. 
-*[[1788]] - [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] becomes the fourth state to ratify the [[United States]] [[United States Constitution|Constitution]]. 
-*[[1791]] - [[Big Bottom massacre]] in the [[Ohio Country]], marking the beginning of the [[Northwest Indian War]]. 
-*[[1793]] - [[Russia]] and [[Prussia]] partition [[Poland]]. 
-*[[1818]] - The British [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] is formed. 
-*[[1860]] - The discovery of the planet [[Vulcan (hypothetical planet)|Vulcan]] is announced at a meeting of the [[Académie des Sciences]] in [[Paris]]. 
-*[[1871]] - [[Amadeus I of Spain|Amadeus I]] becomes King of [[Spain]]. 
-*[[1872]] - [[Brigham Young]] is arrested on charges of [[polygamy|bigamy]] for having 25 wives. 
-*[[1879]] - [[Fred Spofforth]] claims the first [[hat-trick]] in [[test cricket]] on the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] against [[England]]. 
-*[[1882]] - [[John D. Rockefeller]] unites his oil holdings into the [[Standard Oil]] [[Trust company|trust]]. 
-*[[1890]] - [[Alice Sanger]] becomes the first female staffer for the [[White House]]. 
-*[[1893]] - [[Webb C. Ball]] of the General Railroad Timepiece Standards in North America introduces [[railroad chronometers]]. 
-*[[1900]] - [[John Hay]] announces the [[Open Door Policy]] to promote trade with [[China]]. 
-*[[1905]] - [[Russo-Japanese War]]: The [[Russia]]n fleet surrenders at [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]], [[China]]. 
-* 1905 - The American [[anarcho-syndicalist]] union known as the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] forms. 
-*[[1917]] - The [[Royal Bank of Canada]] takes over [[Quebec Bank]]. 
-*[[1920]] - The [[Palmer Raids]] begin in the United States. 
-*[[1921]] - The first religious [[radio]] broadcast ([[KDKA AM]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]) . 
-*[[1923]] - [[United States|U.S.]] [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] [[Albert Fall]] resigns over the [[Teapot Dome scandal]]. 
-*[[1929]] - [[Canada]] and the [[United States]] agree on a plan to preserve [[Niagara Falls]]. 
-*[[1935]] - [[Bruno Hauptmann]] goes on trial for the murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr., infant son of aviator [[Charles Lindbergh]]. 
-*[[1941]] - [[World War II]]: [[Strategic Bombing During World War II|German bombing]] severely damages the [[Llandaff Cathedral]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]. 
-* 1941 - World War II: The U.S. government announces its [[Liberty ship]] program to build freighters in support of the war effort. 
-*[[1942]] - World War II: [[Manila]] is captured by [[Japan]]ese forces. 
-* 1942 - The [[United States Navy]] opens a [[blimp]] base at [[Lakehurst, New Jersey]]. 
-*[[1946]] - Unable to resume rule after [[World War II]], [[Zog of Albania|King Zog]] of [[Albania]] [[Abdication|abdicates]] but retains his claim to the [[King of Albania|throne]]. 
-*[[1949]] - [[Luis Muñoz Marín]] became the first democratically elected [[Governor of Puerto Rico]]. 
-*[[1955]] - [[Panama]]nian president [[Jose Antonio Remon]] is assassinated. 
-*[[1957]] - The [[Pacific Exchange|San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange]] and [[Pacific Exchange|Los Angeles Oil Exchange]] merge. 
-*[[1959]] - The first artificial satellite to orbit the moon, [[Luna 1]], is launched by the [[U.S.S.R.]] 
-*[[1969]] - [[Luis Ferré]] becomes the first statehooder [[Governor of Puerto Rico]]. 
-* 1969 - Operation Barrier Reef began in [[Mekong Delta]], [[Vietnam]] 
-*[[1971]] - The second [[Ibrox disaster]] kills 66 fans at a [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]-[[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] football game. 
-*[[1974]] - [[Richard Nixon]] signs a bill lowering the maximum [[United States|US]] [[speed limit]] to 55 [[mile per hour|MPH]] in order to conserve [[gasoline]] during an [[OPEC]] embargo. 
-*[[1991]] - [[Sharon Pratt Dixon]] is sworn in as mayor of [[Washington, DC]], becoming the first [[African American]] woman to lead a city of that size and importance. 
-*[[1993]] - Leaders of the three warring factions in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] meet to discuss peace plans. 
-*[[1998]] - [[Russia]] begins to circulate new [[Russian ruble|ruble]]s to stem [[inflation]] and promote confidence. 
-*[[1999]] - A brutal [[snowstorm]] smashes into the [[Midwest]]ern [[United States]], causing 14 inches (359 mm) of snow at [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], and 19 inches (487 mm) at [[Chicago]], where temperatures plunge to -13°F (-25°C); 68 deaths are reported. 
-*[[2001]] - [[Sila Calderón]] becomes the first female [[Governor of Puerto Rico]]. 
-* 2002 - [[Eduardo Duhalde]] is appointed interim [[President of Argentina]] by the Legislative Assembly. 
-*[[2004]] - [[Stardust (spacecraft)|Stardust]] successfully flies past [[Comet]] [[81P/Wild|Wild 2]], collecting samples that it will return to [[Earth]] two years later. 
- 
==Births== ==Births==
-*[[1642]] - [[Mehmed IV]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1693]]) 
-*[[1647]] - [[Nathaniel Bacon]], English-born American colonist (d. [[1676]]) 
-*[[1713]] - [[Marie Dumesnil]], French actress (d. [[1803]]) 
-*[[1719]] - [[Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat]], French shipbuilder (d. [[1797]]) 
-*[[1727]] - [[James Wolfe]], British general (d. [[1759]]) 
-*[[1777]] - [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], German sculptor (d. [[1857]]) 
-*[[1822]] - [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist (d. [[1888]]) 
-*[[1827]] - [[Peter Semenov of Tian Shan]], Russian explorer (d. [[1914]]) 
-*[[1833]] - [[Frederick A. Johnson]], American politician (d. [[1893]]) 
-*[[1836]] - [[Mendele Moykher Sforim]], Jewish writer (d. [[1917]]) 
-*[[1837]] - [[Mily Balakirev]], Russian composer (d. [[1910]]) 
-*[[1870]] - [[Ernst Barlach]], German sculptor (d. [[1938]]) 
-*[[1873]] - [[Thérèse de Lisieux]], French Roman-Catholic nun (d. [[1897]]) 
-*[[1877]] - [[Slava Raskaj]], Croatian painter (d.[[1906]]) 
-*[[1886]] - [[Florence Lawrence]], Canadian actress (d. [[1938]]) 
-*[[1892]] - [[Seiichiro Kashio]], Japanese tennis player (d. [[1962]]) 
*[[1896]] - [[Dziga Vertov]], Russian filmmaker (d. [[1954]]) *[[1896]] - [[Dziga Vertov]], Russian filmmaker (d. [[1954]])
*[[1897]] - [[Jim Londos]], wrestler (d. [[1975]]) *[[1897]] - [[Jim Londos]], wrestler (d. [[1975]])

Revision as of 18:48, 29 December 2007

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Robert Smithson Dziga Vertov Pontormo Johann Kaspar Lavater Charles Beaumont Ian Brady Willard Maas David Bailey (photographer) Todd Haynes Isaac Asimov Al-Andalus Alfred H. Barr, Jr. Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg Edward Burnett Tylor Dirk Bikkembergs Charles Willeford Rutebeuf



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