Iron Curtain
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| - | :''[[Orange Alternative]], [[Polish avant-garde]] , [[Polish counterculture]]'' | ||
| - | During the [[1980s]], behind the [[Iron Curtain]], Surrealism again entered into politics with an underground artistic opposition movement known as the [[Orange Alternative]]. The Orange Alternative was created in 1981 by [[Waldemar Fydrych]] (alias 'Major'), a graduate of history and art history at the University of [[Wrocław]]. They used Surrealist symbolism and terminology in their large scale happenings organized in the major Polish cities during the [[Jaruzelski]] regime, and painted Surrealist graffiti on spots covering up anti-regime slogans. Major himself was the author of a "Manifesto of Socialist Surrealism". In this manifesto, he stated that the socialist (communist) system had become so Surrealistic that it could be seen as an expression of art itself. | ||
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| + | The "'''Iron Curtain'''" was the symbolic, ideological, and physical boundary dividing [[Europe]] into two separate areas from the end of [[World War II]] until the end of the [[Cold War]], roughly 1945 to 1991. At both sides of the Iron Curtain, the states developed their own international economic and military alliances, [[COMECON]] with the [[Warsaw Pact]] on the east side with the [[USSR]] as most important member, and the [[NATO]] and the [[European Community]] on the west side, with the [[United States]]. | ||
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| + | The Iron Curtain took the shape of border defenses between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, most notably the [[Berlin Wall]], which served as a longtime symbol of the Iron Curtain altogether. | ||
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The "Iron Curtain" was the symbolic, ideological, and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War, roughly 1945 to 1991. At both sides of the Iron Curtain, the states developed their own international economic and military alliances, COMECON with the Warsaw Pact on the east side with the USSR as most important member, and the NATO and the European Community on the west side, with the United States.
The Iron Curtain took the shape of border defenses between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, most notably the Berlin Wall, which served as a longtime symbol of the Iron Curtain altogether.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Iron Curtain" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
