Instrumental and intrinsic value
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| - | The '''fact-value distinction''' is a concept used to distinguish between arguments that can be claimed through [[reason]] alone and those in which rationality is limited to describing a collective opinion. In another formulation, it is the distinction between what ''is'' (can be discovered by science, philosophy or reason) and what ''ought'' to be (a judgment which can be agreed upon by consensus). The terms [[positive science|positive]] and [[norm (philosophy)|normative]] represent another manner of expressing this, as do the terms ''descriptive'' and ''prescriptive'', respectively. [[Positivism|Positive]] statements make the implicit claim to [[fact]]s (e.g. water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom), whereas normative statements make a claim to [[values]] or to [[norm (philosophy)|norms]] (e.g. water ought to be protected from environmental pollution). | + | '''Instrumental and intrinsic value''' are technical labels for two poles of an ancient [[dichotomy]]. People seem to reason differently about what they ought to do, seeking legitimate ends, and what they are able to do, seeking efficient means. When reasoning about ends, they apply the criterion '''intrinsic value'''. It identifies legitimate rules of behavior, such as the Ten |
| + | Commandments. When reasoning about means they apply the criterion '''instrumental value'''. It identifies efficient tools, such as scientific and technological theories. Few question the existence of these two criteria, but their relative authority is in constant dispute. | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | == See also == |
| - | * [[Empiricism]] | + | * [[Fact-value distinction]] |
| - | * [[Is-ought problem]] | + | * [[Instrumentalism]] |
| - | * [[Naturalistic fallacy]] | + | |
| - | * [[Relativism]] | + | |
| * [[Instrumental and value rationality]] | * [[Instrumental and value rationality]] | ||
| - | * [[Is–ought problem]] | ||
| * [[Instrumental and value-rational action]] | * [[Instrumental and value-rational action]] | ||
| - | * [[Instrumental and intrinsic value]] | + | * [[Natural kind]] |
| + | * [[Value (ethics)]] | ||
| + | * [[Value theory]] | ||
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Instrumental and intrinsic value are technical labels for two poles of an ancient dichotomy. People seem to reason differently about what they ought to do, seeking legitimate ends, and what they are able to do, seeking efficient means. When reasoning about ends, they apply the criterion intrinsic value. It identifies legitimate rules of behavior, such as the Ten Commandments. When reasoning about means they apply the criterion instrumental value. It identifies efficient tools, such as scientific and technological theories. Few question the existence of these two criteria, but their relative authority is in constant dispute.
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See also
- Fact-value distinction
- Instrumentalism
- Instrumental and value rationality
- Instrumental and value-rational action
- Natural kind
- Value (ethics)
- Value theory
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