In vitro fertilisation
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | + | '''''In vitro'' fertilisation''' ('''IVF''') is a process by which [[ovum|egg cells]] are [[Fertilization|fertilised]] by [[spermatozoon|sperm]] outside the womb, ''[[in vitro]]''. IVF is a major treatment in [[infertility]] when other methods of [[assisted reproductive technology]] have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing [[ovum|ova]] (eggs) from the woman's [[ovary|ovaries]] and letting [[spermatozoon|sperm]] fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg ([[zygote]]) is then transferred to the patient's [[uterus]] with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", [[Louise Brown]], occurred in 1978. Prior to that, there was a transient biochemical pregnancy reported by Australian researchers in 1973 and an ectopic pregnancy reported by Steptoe and Edwards in 1976. | |
| - | '''Lazzaro Spallanzani''' (10 January 1729 – 12 February 1799) was an Italian biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and essentially discovered echolocation. His research of [[biogenesis]] paved the way for the investigations of [[Louis Pasteur]]. He also discovered and described animal (mammal) reproduction, showing that it requires both [[semen]] and an [[ovum]]. He was the first to perform [[in vitro fertilization]], with frogs, and an [[artificial insemination]], using a dog. Spallanzani showed that some animals, especially [[newts]], can regenerate some parts of their body if injured or surgically removed. | + | |
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In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process by which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the womb, in vitro. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing ova (eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", Louise Brown, occurred in 1978. Prior to that, there was a transient biochemical pregnancy reported by Australian researchers in 1973 and an ectopic pregnancy reported by Steptoe and Edwards in 1976.
