Hypomania
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| - | '''Mania''' is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated [[mood]], energy, and unusual thought patterns. There are several possible causes for mania, but it is most often associated with [[bipolar disorder]], where episodes of mania may cyclically alternate with episodes of [[clinical depression]]. Though the elevated mood and energy level typical of mania could be seen as a benefit, mania generally has many undesirable consequences and has the potential to be very destructive. Classic symptoms include rapid speech, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, [[hypersexuality]], [[euphoria]], [[grandiosity]], [[irritability]], and increased interest in goal-directed activities. Mild forms of mania, known as [[hypomania]], cause little or no impairment; more severe forms of mania do cause impairment and may even feature grandiose [[delusion]]s or [[hallucination]]s. In the most extreme cases, manic patients may need to be hospitalized to protect themselves and others. Mania and hypomania have also been [[Creativity and mental illness|associated with creativity]] and artistic talent. | ||
| - | ==Symptoms== | + | '''Hypomania''' (literally, '''below [[mania]]''') is a [[Mood (psychology)|mood]] state characterized by persistent and pervasive elevated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. People experiencing hypomanic symptoms typically have a flight of ideas, a decreased need for sleep and/or rest, are extremely outgoing and daring, and have a great deal of energy. However, unlike full-blown [[mania]], those with hypomanic systems are generally fully functioning. Specifically, it is distinguished from [[mania]] by the absence of [[psychotic]] symptoms and by its lower degree of impact on functioning. Hypomania is a feature of two [[mood disorders]]: [[bipolar II disorder]] and [[cyclothymia]], but can also occur in [[schizoaffective disorder]]. Hypomania can also have a benefit in creativity and productive energy. Many have cited it as a gateway to their success, and an incredibly large number of people with creative talents have experienced hypomania or other symptoms of [[bipolar disorder]]. Classic symptoms of hypomania include mild euphoria, a flood of ideas, endless energy, and a desire and drive for success. |
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| - | Although "severely elevated mood" sounds somewhat desirable and enjoyable, the experience of mania is often quite unpleasant and sometimes disturbing, if not frightening, for the person involved (and those close to them), and may lead to impulsive behavior that may later be regretted. It can also often be complicated by the sufferer's lack of judgment and insight regarding periods of exacerbation of symptoms. Manic patients are frequently grandiose, irritable, belligerent, and frequently deny anything is wrong with them. Because mania frequently encourages high energy and decreased perception of need or ability to sleep, within a few days of a manic cycle, sleep-deprived [[psychosis]] may appear, further complicating the ability to think clearly. Racing thoughts and misperceptions lead to frustration and decreased ability to communicate with others. | + | |
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| - | In addition to decreased need for sleep, other manic symptoms include [[Irritation|irritability]], anger or rage, [[delusions]], hypersensitivity, [[hypersexuality]], hyper-[[religiosity]], [[hyperactivity]], racing thoughts, talkativeness or rapid speech, and grandiose ideas and plans. In manic and less severe, hypomanic cases, the afflicted person may engage in out of character behaviour such as questionable business transactions, wasteful expenditures of money, risky sexual activity or highly vocal arguments uncharacteristic of previous behaviors. These behaviors increase stress in personal relationships, problems at work and increases the risk of altercations with law enforcement as well as being at high risk of impulsively taking part in activities potentially harmful to self and others. | + | |
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| - | A [[mnemonic]] used to remember the symptoms of mania is ''DIGFAST'': | + | |
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| - | *D = Distractibility | + | |
| - | *I = Indiscretion | + | |
| - | *G = Grandiosity | + | |
| - | *F = Flight of ideas | + | |
| - | *A = Activity increased | + | |
| - | *S = Sleep (decreased need for) | + | |
| - | *T = Talkativeness (pressured speech) | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | *[[-mania]] (suffix) | + | |
| - | *[[Bipolar disorder]] | + | |
| - | *[[Clinical depression]] | + | |
| - | *[[Graphomania]] | + | |
| - | *[[Hypomania]] | + | |
| - | *[[Monomania]] | + | |
| - | *[[Pyromania]] | + | |
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Hypomania (literally, below mania) is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elevated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. People experiencing hypomanic symptoms typically have a flight of ideas, a decreased need for sleep and/or rest, are extremely outgoing and daring, and have a great deal of energy. However, unlike full-blown mania, those with hypomanic systems are generally fully functioning. Specifically, it is distinguished from mania by the absence of psychotic symptoms and by its lower degree of impact on functioning. Hypomania is a feature of two mood disorders: bipolar II disorder and cyclothymia, but can also occur in schizoaffective disorder. Hypomania can also have a benefit in creativity and productive energy. Many have cited it as a gateway to their success, and an incredibly large number of people with creative talents have experienced hypomania or other symptoms of bipolar disorder. Classic symptoms of hypomania include mild euphoria, a flood of ideas, endless energy, and a desire and drive for success.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Hypomania" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
