History of subcultures in the 19th century
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| ===Bouzingo=== | ===Bouzingo=== | ||
| :''[[Bouzingo]]'' | :''[[Bouzingo]]'' | ||
| + | The '''Bouzingo''' was the name given to a group of minor Romantic poets, novelists, and artists active in France during the [[1830s]]. They were associated with the ''[[Petit cénacle]]'' and the ''[[Jeune-France]]'' and were given an tremendous amount of attention in the contemporary press, which was at that time in the early stages of becoming a [[mass media|mass medium]]. Its members were [[Petrus Borel]], [[Gérard de Nerval]], [[Théophile Gautier]], [[Philothée O'Neddy]], [[Xavier Forneret]] and [[Aloysius Bertrand]]. | ||
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| + | Their history is told in great detail in the [[doctoral thesis]] ''[[Pétrus Borel: Background, Reception and Interpretation]]'' (1999). | ||
| ===Symbolism (arts)=== | ===Symbolism (arts)=== | ||
| :''[[Symbolism (arts)]]'' | :''[[Symbolism (arts)]]'' | ||
| - | *[[Nineteenth century Paris]] | + | |
| **[[Club des Hashischins]] | **[[Club des Hashischins]] | ||
| **[[Bouzingo]] | **[[Bouzingo]] | ||
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| == More == | == More == | ||
| + | *[[Nineteenth century Paris]] | ||
| *[[19th century counterculture]] | *[[19th century counterculture]] | ||
| *[[19th century avant-garde]] | *[[19th century avant-garde]] | ||
| *[[19th century underground]] | *[[19th century underground]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 14:20, 11 April 2014
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While counterculture (from Prometheus to Diogenes, from Socrates to Jesus Christ, from Galileo to Voltaire to Che Guevara) can be found in all ages, subcultures -- having the connotation of city culture -- properly start in the 19th century, and more precise in Nineteenth century Paris, as Walter Benjamin, the capital of modernity.
The Industrial Revolution and the Belle Époque bring 19th century Paris the greatest development in its history. From the 1840s, rail transport allowed an unprecedented flow of migrants into Paris attracted by employment in the new industries in the suburbs. The city also became a have for sexual minorities.
The different aspects of this 19th century history include:
Contents |
Political
Alternative societies
A number of philosophers also suggested alternative models for society: Charles Fourier (1772-1837), Louis Blanc (1811-1882) and Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805-1881). The background of alternative social thinking stems largely from the history of utopianism.
New Woman
The New Woman was a feminist ideal that emerged in the final decades of the 19th century in Europe and North America. It was a reaction to the gender role, as characterized by the so-called Cult of Domesticity, ascribed to women in the Victorian era. Advocates of the New Woman ideal were found among novelists, playwrights, journalists, pamphleteers, political thinkers and suffragettes. Men and women who favoured the new cause gathered, for example, in the Fabian Society in the United Kingdom, a precursor of the Labour Party. The supporters' aim was to encourage women to liberate themselves from male domination, manage their lives and leave behind anything that might restrict their pursuit of happiness and self-realization. Heavily opposed by conservatives, the New Woman movement started to fade away in the course of the First World War when, due to a shortage of "manpower", many women took on jobs and when, shortly after the war, universal suffrage was achieved.
Artistic
Romanticism
Romanticism (or the Romantic Era) was an 18th century artistic and intellectual movement which stressed emotion, freedom, individuality and imagination. It originated in the second half of the 18th century, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and natural history.
Bouzingo
The Bouzingo was the name given to a group of minor Romantic poets, novelists, and artists active in France during the 1830s. They were associated with the Petit cénacle and the Jeune-France and were given an tremendous amount of attention in the contemporary press, which was at that time in the early stages of becoming a mass medium. Its members were Petrus Borel, Gérard de Nerval, Théophile Gautier, Philothée O'Neddy, Xavier Forneret and Aloysius Bertrand.
Their history is told in great detail in the doctoral thesis Pétrus Borel: Background, Reception and Interpretation (1999).
Symbolism (arts)
More
- Nineteenth century Paris
- 19th century counterculture
- 19th century avant-garde
- 19th century underground
