Hindu philosophy
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| - | :''[[poetry]], [[philosophy]], [[philosophy and literature]] '' | ||
| - | A number of [[poetry|poets]] have written poems on philosophical themes, and some important philosophers have expressed their philosophy in verse. The [[cosmogony]] of [[Hesiod]] and the ''[[De Rerum Natura]]'' of [[Lucretius]] are important philosophical poems. The genre of [[epic poetry]] was also used to teach philosophy. [[Vyasa]] narrated the ancient [[Indian epic poetry|Indian epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'' in order to teach [[Indian philosophy]] and [[Hindu philosophy]]. [[Homer]] also presented some philosophical teachings in his ''[[Odyssey]]''. | ||
| - | Many of the [[Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophers]] worked out their thought in poetical fashion. Some of the important names include: | + | '''Hindu philosophy''' is divided into six [[nastika|''{{IAST|āstika}}'']] ("orthodox") schools of thought, or ''darshanas'' (literally, "views"), which accept the [[Vedas]] as supreme revealed scriptures. The other three [[nastika|''{{IAST|nāstika}}'']] ("heterodox") schools, which do not accept the Vedas as supreme do not form part of Hindu philosophy. The {{IAST|āstika}} schools are: |
| + | #[[Sankhya]], a strongly [[dualist]] theoretical exposition of mind and matter. | ||
| + | #[[Raja Yoga|Yoga]], a school emphasizing [[meditation]] closely based on Sankhya | ||
| + | #[[Nyaya]] or [[Indian logics|logics]] | ||
| + | #[[Vaisheshika]], an [[empiricist]] school of [[atomism]] | ||
| + | #[[Mimamsa]], an anti-ascetic and anti-mysticist school of [[orthopraxy]] | ||
| + | #[[Vedanta]], opposing Vedic ritualism in favour of [[mysticism]]. Vedanta came to be the dominant current of [[Hinduism]] in the post-medieval period. | ||
| + | The {{IAST|nāstika}} schools are: | ||
| + | #[[Buddhism]] | ||
| + | #[[Jainism]] | ||
| + | #[[Cārvāka]], a [[skeptical]] [[materialist]] school, which died out in the 15th century and whose primary texts have been lost. | ||
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| + | In [[History of Hinduism|Hindu history]], the distinction of these six schools was current in the [[Gupta period]] "golden age" of Hinduism. With the disappearance of Vaishshika and Mimamsa, it was obsolete by the later Middle Ages, when the various sub-schools of Vedanta ([[Dvaita]] "dualism", [[Advaita]] "non-dualism" and others) began to rise to prominence as the main divisions of religious philosophy. Nyaya survived into the 17th century as ''Navya Nyaya'' "Neo-Nyaya", while Sankhya gradually lost its status as an independent school, its tenets absorbed into Yoga and Vedanta. | ||
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Hindu philosophy is divided into six [[nastika|Template:IAST]] ("orthodox") schools of thought, or darshanas (literally, "views"), which accept the Vedas as supreme revealed scriptures. The other three [[nastika|Template:IAST]] ("heterodox") schools, which do not accept the Vedas as supreme do not form part of Hindu philosophy. The Template:IAST schools are:
- Sankhya, a strongly dualist theoretical exposition of mind and matter.
- Yoga, a school emphasizing meditation closely based on Sankhya
- Nyaya or logics
- Vaisheshika, an empiricist school of atomism
- Mimamsa, an anti-ascetic and anti-mysticist school of orthopraxy
- Vedanta, opposing Vedic ritualism in favour of mysticism. Vedanta came to be the dominant current of Hinduism in the post-medieval period.
The Template:IAST schools are:
- Buddhism
- Jainism
- Cārvāka, a skeptical materialist school, which died out in the 15th century and whose primary texts have been lost.
In Hindu history, the distinction of these six schools was current in the Gupta period "golden age" of Hinduism. With the disappearance of Vaishshika and Mimamsa, it was obsolete by the later Middle Ages, when the various sub-schools of Vedanta (Dvaita "dualism", Advaita "non-dualism" and others) began to rise to prominence as the main divisions of religious philosophy. Nyaya survived into the 17th century as Navya Nyaya "Neo-Nyaya", while Sankhya gradually lost its status as an independent school, its tenets absorbed into Yoga and Vedanta.
