Hieronymus Bosch  

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'''Hieronymus Bosch''' (c. [[1450]] - [[August 9]], [[1516]]) was a prolific [[Dutch painter]] of the [[fifteenth]] and [[sixteenth]] centuries best known for his [[avant la lettre surrealism]] exemplified in the painting ''[[The Garden of Earthly Delights]]''. '''Hieronymus Bosch''' (c. [[1450]] - [[August 9]], [[1516]]) was a prolific [[Dutch painter]] of the [[fifteenth]] and [[sixteenth]] centuries best known for his [[avant la lettre surrealism]] exemplified in the painting ''[[The Garden of Earthly Delights]]''.
 +==Art==
 +Bosch produced several [[triptych]]s. Among his most famous is ''[[The Garden of Earthly Delights]]''. This painting depicts paradise with [[Adam and Eve]] and many wondrous animals on the left panel, the earthly delights with numerous nude figures and tremendous fruit and birds on the middle panel, and [[hell]] with depictions of fantastic punishments of the various types of [[sin]]ners on the right panel. When the exterior panels are closed the viewer can see, painted in [[grisaille]], God creating the Earth. These paintings have a rough surface from the application of paint; this contrasts with the traditional [[Flemish painting|Flemish style]] of paintings, where the smooth surface attempts to hide the fact that the painting is man-made.
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 +Bosch never dated his paintings and may have signed only some of them (other signatures are certainly not his). Fewer than 25 paintings remain today that can be attributed to him. [[Philip II of Spain]] acquired many of Bosch's paintings after the painter's death; as a result, the [[Prado Museum]] in [[Madrid]] now owns several of his works, including ''The Garden of Earthly Delights''.
== Themes and contemporary relevance == == Themes and contemporary relevance ==

Revision as of 10:38, 31 May 2009

"Hell" detail from Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights. Although a near contemporary of Da Vinci, the work of Bosch is still considered radical today.
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"Hell" detail from Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights. Although a near contemporary of Da Vinci, the work of Bosch is still considered radical today.

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Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - August 9, 1516) was a prolific Dutch painter of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries best known for his avant la lettre surrealism exemplified in the painting The Garden of Earthly Delights.

Art

Bosch produced several triptychs. Among his most famous is The Garden of Earthly Delights. This painting depicts paradise with Adam and Eve and many wondrous animals on the left panel, the earthly delights with numerous nude figures and tremendous fruit and birds on the middle panel, and hell with depictions of fantastic punishments of the various types of sinners on the right panel. When the exterior panels are closed the viewer can see, painted in grisaille, God creating the Earth. These paintings have a rough surface from the application of paint; this contrasts with the traditional Flemish style of paintings, where the smooth surface attempts to hide the fact that the painting is man-made.

Bosch never dated his paintings and may have signed only some of them (other signatures are certainly not his). Fewer than 25 paintings remain today that can be attributed to him. Philip II of Spain acquired many of Bosch's paintings after the painter's death; as a result, the Prado Museum in Madrid now owns several of his works, including The Garden of Earthly Delights.

Themes and contemporary relevance

Many of his works depict sin and human moral failings. Bosch used images of demons, half-human animals and machines to evoke fear and confusion to portray the evil of man. The works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in his own time. He is said to have been an inspiration for the surrealist movement in the twentieth century.

Biography

His true name was Jheronimus (or Jeroen) van Aken (meaning "from Aachen"). He signed some of his paintings with Bosch (pronounced as Boss in Dutch), derived from his birthplace 's-Hertogenbosch. In Spanish, he is often called El Bosco.

Born to a family of Dutch and German painters, he spent most of his life in 's-Hertogenbosch, a flourishing city in fifteenth century Brabant, in the south of the present-day Netherlands. In 1463, some 4000 houses in the town were destroyed by a catastrophic fire, which the then (approximately) 13-year-old Bosch may have witnessed. He became a popular painter and even received commissions from abroad. In 1488 he joined the Brotherhood of Our Lady, an arch-conservative religious group of some 40 influential citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch and some 7000 'outer-members' from all over Europe.



Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Hieronymus Bosch" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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