Henry III of France
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| - | '''Les Mignons''' (from ''mignon'', [[French language|French]] for "the darlings" or "the dainty ones") was a term used by polemicists in the toxic atmosphere of the [[French Wars of Religion]] and taken up by the people of [[Paris]], to designate the [[favourite]]s of [[Henry III of France]], from his return from Poland to reign in France in 1574, to his assassination in 1589, a disastrous end to which the perception of effeminate weakness contributed. | + | '''Henry III of France''' (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589, born '''Alexandre-Édouard de Valois-Angoulême''', {{lang-lt|Henrikas Valua}};), was [[King of France]] from [[1574]] to [[1589]], and as '''Henry of Valois''', first elected [[List of Polish rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|King of Poland]] and [[List of Lithuanian rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Grand Duke of Lithuania]] from [[1573]] to [[1574]]. |
| - | ==The Duel of the Mignons == | + | |
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| - | In April 1578, the rival court parties of Henry III and [[Henry I, Duke of Guise|Duke of Guise]] decided to reenact the [[Horatii|battle of the Horatii and the Curiatii]]. On 27 April, [[Jacques de Caylus]], [[Louis de Maugiron]] and [[Jean d'Arcès]] (representing the party of the King) engaged in battle with [[Charles de Balzac]], [[Ribérac]], and [[Georges de Schomberg]] (representing the party of the Guises). Maugiron and Schomberg were killed, Ribérac died of wounds the following noon, d'Arcès was wounded in the head and convalesced in a hospital for six weeks, while Caylus sustained as many as 19 wounds and died after 33 hours of agony. Only Balzac got off with a mere scratch on his arm. | + | |
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| - | This meaningless loss of life impressed itself on the public imagination. [[Jean Passerat]] wrote an elegy, ''Plaintes de Cléophon'', on the occasion. In the political treatise ''[[Le Theatre de France]]'' (1580) the duel was invoked as "the day of the pigs" who "killed each other in the precinct of Saint Paul, serving him in the Muscovite manner". [[Michel Montaigne]] decried the event as "une image de lacheté", and [[Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme|Pierre Brantôme]] connected it with the deplorable spread of the Italian and Gascon manners at Henry's court. The incident accelerated the estrangement between the two Henrys. | + | |
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Henry III of France (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589, born Alexandre-Édouard de Valois-Angoulême, Template:Lang-lt;), was King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, first elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1574.
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