Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry
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| - | '''Rhinotomy''' is mutilation, usually [[amputation]], of the [[Human nose|nose]]. It was a means of judicial [[punishment]] throughout the world, particularly for [[sexual transgression]]s, but in the case of adultery often [[female adultery|applied only to women]]. | ||
| - | The [[Code of Hammurabi]] contains references to amputation of bodily protrusions (such as lips, nose, breasts, etc.), as do the laws of [[History of ancient Egypt|ancient Egypt]], and in Hindu medicine the writings of [[Charaka]] and the [[Sushruta Samhita]]. | + | '''Geoffrey IV de la Tour Landry''' (before 1330-between 1402 and 1406) was a nobleman of [[Anjou]] who fought in the [[Hundred Years War]]. |
| - | Rhinotomy as a punishment for adultery was customary in early India, and practised by the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], but only rarely; the practice was more prevalent in [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]] and among the [[Arabs]], where the unfaithful woman was subjected to it while the man could get away with a flogging—and "often the husband whose wife had been unfaithful was instructed to act as executioner". | + | In 1371–1372 Geoffrey compiled the ''[[The Book of the Knight in the Tower|Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles]]'' ("The Book of the Knight in the Tower") for the instruction of his daughters—La Tour Landry stands (a ruin today) between [[Cholet]] and [[Vezins, Maine-et-Loire|Vezins]]. |
| - | The 12th-century lay "[[Bisclavret]]" by [[Marie de France]] has a werewolf bite off his unfaithful wife's nose. [[Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry]]'s 14th-century manual ''[[The Book of the Knight of the Tower]]'' has an example of a knight breaking his wife's nose, as an injunction for women to obey their husbands. | ||
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| - | The practice is reported in 15th-century [[Naples]]. German surgeon [[Wilhelm Fabry]] describes a case from 1590 in which a woman ("Susanne the Chaste") resisted rape and had her nose cut off as a result. | ||
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| - | A notable political rhinotomy was that performed on the Byzantine [[Justinian II]]. In Western Europe, [[Childebert II]] condemned conspirators to rhinotomy, according to [[Gregory of Tours]], and exposing them to ridicule. [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] used it to punish adulterers and panderers. In 14th and 15th-century Poland, rhinotomy (as well as [[glossectomy]]) was used to punish crimes committed through speech. | ||
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| - | ==Self-inflicted== | ||
| - | Most known cases of self-inflicted rhinotomy concern nuns who mutilated their noses in hopes of avoiding rape. The nuns of the [[Saint-Cyr monastery]] in [[Marseille]], in the 9th century, were spared rape but were all killed, and the nuns of the [[Saint Clare abbey]] in [[Acri]] suffered the same fate in 1291. Such a story is told also of [[Æbbe the Younger]] and her nuns at [[Coldingham]], in the 9th century. | ||
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| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Nose tomb]], 16th-century Japanese tombs containing amputated noses from Korean soldiers and civilians | ||
| - | **[[Mimizuka]], the best-known such shrine, containing at least 38,000 noses | ||
| - | *[[Political mutilation in Byzantine culture]] | ||
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Geoffrey IV de la Tour Landry (before 1330-between 1402 and 1406) was a nobleman of Anjou who fought in the Hundred Years War.
In 1371–1372 Geoffrey compiled the Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles ("The Book of the Knight in the Tower") for the instruction of his daughters—La Tour Landry stands (a ruin today) between Cholet and Vezins.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
