Fumito Ueda
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Giorgio de Chirico (July 10, 1888 – November 20, 1978) often known as Népo, was an influential pre-Surrealist Greek-Italian painter born in Volos, Greece to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father. He founded the scuola metafisica art movement.
Legacy
De Chirico won praise for his work almost immediately from writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who helped to introduce his work to the later Surrealists.
Yves Tanguy wrote how one day in 1922 he saw one of De Chirico's paintings in an art dealer's window, and was so impressed by it he resolved on the spot to become an artist — although he had never even held a brush.
Other artists who acknowledged De Chirico's influence include Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, Giorgio Morandi, Carlo Carra, René Magritte, and Philip Guston. De Chirico strongly influenced the Surrealist movement.
Michelangelo Antonioni, the Italian film director, also claimed to be influenced by De Chirico. Some comparison can be made to the long takes in Antonioni's films from the 1960s, in which the camera continues to linger on desolate cityscapes populated by a few distant figures, or none at all, in the absence of the film's protagonists.
Modern photographer Duane Michals was also influenced by De Chirico.
John Ashbery has called Hebdomeros "probably...the finest [major work of Surrealist fiction]."
Fumito Ueda's critically acclaimed Playstation 2 game Ico (and also its sequel, Shadow of the Colossus, in a less direct way) was strongly influenced by de Chirico. Ico features children wandering though huge, ancient and otherwise uninhabited buildings, are predominately yellow and green in colour and use music only for cut-scenes, enhancing the feeling of space and sparseness. The box art for Ico used in Japan and Europe is particularly imitative of de Chirico's Melancholy and Mystery of a Street and The Nostalgia of the Infinite (both 1914).
Selected works
- Flight of the Centauri, Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon and Enigma of the Oracle (1909)
- Ritratto di Andrea de Chirico (Alias Alberto Savinio) (1909-1910)
- Enigma of the Hour(1911)
- Melanconia, The Enigma of the Arrival and La Matinèe Angoissante (1912)
- The Red Tower, Ariadne, The Awakening of Ariadne, The Uncertainty of the Poet, La Statua Silenziosa, The Anxious Journey, Melancholy of a Beautiful Day, Le Rêve Transformé, and Self-Portrait(1913)
- The Anguish of Departure (began in 1913), Portrait of Guillaume Apollinaire, The Nostalgia of the Poet, L'Énigme de la fatalité, Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure), Love Song, The Enigma of a Day, The Philosopher’s Conquest, The Child’s Brain, The Philosopher and the Poet, Still Life: Turin in Spring, Piazza d’Italia (Autumn Melancholy), The Nostalgia of the Infinite and Melancholy and Mystery of a Street (1914)
- The Evil Genius of a King (began in 1914), The Seer (or The Prophet), Piazza d’Italia, The Double Dream of Spring, The Purity of a Dream, Two Sisters (The Jewish Angel) and The Duo (1915)
- Andromache, The Melancholy of Departure, The Disquieting Muses, Metaphysical Interior with Biscuits (1916)
- Metaphysical Interior with Large Factory and The Faithful Servitor (both began in 1916), The Great Metaphysician, Ettore e Andromaca, Metaphysical Interior, Geometric Composition with Landscape and Factory and Great Metaphysical Interior (1917)
- Metaphysical Muses and Hermetic Melancholy (1918)
- Still Life with Salami and The Sacred Fish (1919)
- Self-portrait (1920)
- Italian Piazza, Maschere and Departure of the Argonauts (1921)
- The Prodigal Son (1922)
- Florentine Still Life (c. 1923)
- The House with the Green Shutters (1924)
- The Great Machine (1925) Honolulu Academy of Arts
- Au Bord de la Mer, Le Grand Automate, The Terrible Games, Mannequins on the Seashore and The Painter (1925)
- La Commedia e la Tragedia (Commedia Romana), The Painter’s Family and Cupboards in a Valley (1926)
- L’Esprit de Domination, The Eventuality of Destiny (Monumental Figures), Mobili nella valle and The Archaeologists (1927)
- Temple et Foret dans la Chambre (1928)
- Gladiatori (began in 1927), The Archaeologists IV (from the series Metamorphosis), The return of the Prodigal son I (from the series Metamorphosis) and Bagnante (Ritratto di Raissa) (1929)
- Illustrations from the book Calligrammes by Guillaume Apollinaire (1930)
- I Gladiatori (Combattimento) (1931)
- Cavalos a Beira-Mar (1932-1933)
- Cavalli in Riva al Mare (1934)
- La Vasca di Bagni Misteriosi (1936)
- The Vexations of The Thinker (1937)
- Self-portrait (1935-1937)
- Archeologi (1940)
- Illustrations from the book L’Apocalisse (1941)
- Portrait of Clarice Lispector (1945)
- Villa Medici - Temple and Statue (1945)
- Minerva (1947)
- Metaphysical Interior with Workshop (1948)
- Fiat (1950)
- Piazza d’Italia (1952)
- The Fall - Via Crucis (1947-54)
- Venezia, Isola di San Giorgio (1955)
- Salambò su un cavallo impennato (1956)
- Metaphysical Interior with Biscuits (1958)
- Piazza d’Italia (1962)
- Cornipedes, (1963)
- Manichino (1964)
- Ettore e Andromaca (1966)
- The Return of Ulysses, Interno Metafisico con Nudo Anatomico and Mysterious Baths - Flight Toward the Sea (1968)
- Il rimorso di Oreste, La Biga Invincibile and Solitudine della Gente di Circo (1969)
- Orfeo Trovatore Stanco, Intero Metafisico and Muse with Broken Column (1970)
- Metaphysical Interior with Setting Sun (1971)
- Sole sul cavalletto (1972)
- Mobili e rocce in una stanza, La Mattina ai Bagni misteriosi, Piazza d'Italia con Statua Equestre, La mattina ai bagni misteriosi and Ettore e Andoromaca (1973)
- Pianto d’amore - Ettore e Andromaca and The Sailors’ Barracks (1974)
