Friar  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
Revision as of 12:51, 7 February 2010
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

← Previous diff		 Current revision
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)

Line 1: Line 1:
[[Image:Friar John and Panurge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Friar John]] and [[Panurge]] give the ''[[Blason and contreblason du couillon]]'' by [[François Rabelais|Rabelais]]]] [[Image:Friar John and Panurge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Friar John]] and [[Panurge]] give the ''[[Blason and contreblason du couillon]]'' by [[François Rabelais|Rabelais]]]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-:''[[Gargantua]], [[Ponocrates]]''+A '''friar''' is a member of one of the [[mendicant orders]].
-'''Friar John''' is a [[friar]] of [[Seville]], in [[Rabelais]]' ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]],'' notorious for his irreverence in the discharge of his religious duties and for his lewd, lusty ways.+
-{{GFDL}}+==Friars and monks==
 + 
 +Friars differ from [[monk]]s in that they are called to live the evangelical counsels (vows of poverty, chastity and obedience) in service to a community, rather than through [[cloister]]ed [[asceticism]] and devotion. Whereas monks live cloistered away from the world in a self-sufficient community, friars are supported by donations or other charitable support.
 +==Name==
 + 
 +The name ''Friar'' is derived from the [[French language|French]] word ''frère'' ("brother" in English), and dates from the 13th century. The French word ''frère'' in turn comes from the [[Latin language|Latin]] word ''frater'', which also means "brother".
 + 
 +[[St. Francis of Assisi]] called his followers ''fratres minores'', which [[G. K. Chesterton]] translated as "little brothers". However, another interpretation of ''fratres minores'' is "lesser brothers", because the [[Franciscan]] order stresses minority or humility.
 + 
 +==Orders==
 + 
 +There are two classes of order known as friars, or mendicant orders: the four "great orders" and the so-called "lesser orders".
 + 
 +===Four great orders===
 + 
 +The four great orders were mentioned by the [[Second Council of Lyons]] (1274), and are:
 + 
 +* The '''[[Dominican Order|Dominicans]]''', founded ca. 1216. The Dominicans are also known as the "Friar Preachers", or the "Black Friars", from the black mantle ("cappa") worn over their white habit. The Dominicans were founded by [[St. Dominic]] and received papal approval from [[Honorius III]], in 1216 as the "Ordo Praedicatorum" under the [[Rule of St. Augustine]]. They became a [[mendicant]] order in 1221.
 + 
 +* The '''[[Franciscan]]s''', founded in 1209. The Franciscans are also known as the "Friars Minor" or the "Grey Friars". The Franciscans were founded by [[St. Francis of Assisi]] and received oral papal approval by [[Innocent III]] in 1209 and formal papal confirmation by [[Honorius III]] in 1223.
 + 
 +* The '''[[Carmelites]]''', founded ca. 1155. The Carmelites are also known as the "White Friars" because of the white cloak which covers their brown habit. They received papal approval from [[Honorius III]] in 1226 and later by [[Innocent IV]] in 1247. The Carmelites were founded as a purely contemplative order, but became mendicants in 1245. There are two types of Carmelites, the Calced and Discalced Carmelites.
 + 
 +* The '''[[Augustinians]]''', founded in 1244 (the "Little Union") and enlarged in 1256 (the "Grand Union"). The Augustinians are also known as the "Hermits of St. Augustine", or the "Austin Friars". Their rule is based on the writings of [[Augustine of Hippo]]. The Augustinians were assembled from various groups of hermits as a mendicant order by Pope Innocent IV in 1244 (Little Union). Additional groups were added by [[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]] in 1256 (Grand Union).
 + 
 +===Lesser orders===
 + 
 +The lesser orders are:
 + 
 +* the [[Trinitarian Order|Trinitarians]] established in 1198
 + 
 +* the [[Order of Mercy|Mercedarians]], established in 1218
 + 
 +* the [[Servites]] established in 1240
 + 
 +* the [[Minim (religious order)|Minims]], established in 1474
 + 
 +* the [[Conventual Franciscans]],
 + 
 +* the [[Third Order Regular of St. Francis]], established in 1521
 + 
 +* the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]], established in 1525
 + 
 +* the [[Discalced Carmelites]], established in 1568
 + 
 +* the [[Trinitarian Order|Discalced Trinitarians]], established in 1599
 + 
 +* the [[Order of Penance]], established in 1781
 + 
 +==Other name use==
 + 
 +Friars have been used as a [[mascot]]. Several schools and colleges use Friars as a mascot. Friar is also the mascot for the [[San Diego Padres]], an [[MLB]] franchise.
 + 
 +==See also==
 + 
 +*[[Brother (Catholic)]]
 + 
 +*[[Priesthood (Catholic Church)]]{{GFDL}}

Current revision

Related e

Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Shop

Featured:

A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders.

Contents

[edit]

Friars and monks

Friars differ from monks in that they are called to live the evangelical counsels (vows of poverty, chastity and obedience) in service to a community, rather than through cloistered asceticism and devotion. Whereas monks live cloistered away from the world in a self-sufficient community, friars are supported by donations or other charitable support.

[edit]

Name

The name Friar is derived from the French word frère ("brother" in English), and dates from the 13th century. The French word frère in turn comes from the Latin word frater, which also means "brother".

St. Francis of Assisi called his followers fratres minores, which G. K. Chesterton translated as "little brothers". However, another interpretation of fratres minores is "lesser brothers", because the Franciscan order stresses minority or humility.

[edit]

Orders

There are two classes of order known as friars, or mendicant orders: the four "great orders" and the so-called "lesser orders".

[edit]

Four great orders

The four great orders were mentioned by the Second Council of Lyons (1274), and are:

  • The Dominicans, founded ca. 1216. The Dominicans are also known as the "Friar Preachers", or the "Black Friars", from the black mantle ("cappa") worn over their white habit. The Dominicans were founded by St. Dominic and received papal approval from Honorius III, in 1216 as the "Ordo Praedicatorum" under the Rule of St. Augustine. They became a mendicant order in 1221.
  • The Carmelites, founded ca. 1155. The Carmelites are also known as the "White Friars" because of the white cloak which covers their brown habit. They received papal approval from Honorius III in 1226 and later by Innocent IV in 1247. The Carmelites were founded as a purely contemplative order, but became mendicants in 1245. There are two types of Carmelites, the Calced and Discalced Carmelites.
  • The Augustinians, founded in 1244 (the "Little Union") and enlarged in 1256 (the "Grand Union"). The Augustinians are also known as the "Hermits of St. Augustine", or the "Austin Friars". Their rule is based on the writings of Augustine of Hippo. The Augustinians were assembled from various groups of hermits as a mendicant order by Pope Innocent IV in 1244 (Little Union). Additional groups were added by Alexander IV in 1256 (Grand Union).
[edit]

Lesser orders

The lesser orders are:

  • the Minims, established in 1474
[edit]

Other name use

Friars have been used as a mascot. Several schools and colleges use Friars as a mascot. Friar is also the mascot for the San Diego Padres, an MLB franchise.

[edit]

See also

Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Friar" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Friar"
Personal tools
Metas