French Academy in Rome
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| - | :''[[French Rococo and Neoclassicism]]'' | + | The '''French Academy in Rome''' ({{lang-fr|Académie de France à Rome}}) is an Academy located in the [[Villa Medici]], within the [[Villa Borghese gardens|Villa Borghese]], on the [[Pincio]] (Pincian Hill) in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. |
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| - | '''Jean-Marc Nattier''' (March 17, 1685 – November 7, 1766), [[France|French]] [[Painting|painter]], was born in [[Paris]], the second son of Marc Nattier (1642–1705), a portrait painter, and of Marie Courtois (1655–1703), a miniaturist. He is noted for his portraits of the ladies of King Louis XV’s court in classical mythological attire. | + | |
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| - | He received his first instruction from his father, and from his uncle, the history painter Jean Jouvenet (1644–1717). He enrolled in the [[Académie de peinture et de sculpture|Royal Academy]] in 1703 and made a series of drawing of the [[Marie de' Medici cycle|Marie de Médicis painting cycle]] by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] in the [[Luxembourg Palace]]; the publication (1710) of engravings based on these drawings made Nattier famous. He had applied himself to copying pictures at the [[Luxembourg Gallery]], he refused to proceed to the [[French Academy in Rome]], though he had taken the first prize at the Paris Academy at the age of fifteen. In 1715 he went to [[Amsterdam]], where [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] was then staying, and painted portraits of the tsar and the [[Catherine I of Russia|empress Catherine]], but declined an offer to go to [[Russia]]. | + | |
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| - | Nattier aspired to be a history painter. Between 1715 and 1720 he devoted himself to compositions like the [[Battle of Poltava|"Battle of Pultawa"]], which he painted for Peter the Great, and the "Petrification of [[Phineus]] and of his Companions", which led to his election to the Academy. The financial collapse of 1720 caused by the schemes of [[John Law (economist)|Law]] all but ruined Nattier, who found himself forced to devote his whole energy to portraiture, which was more lucrative. He became the painter of the artificial ladies of [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]'s court. He subsequently revived the genre of the allegorical portrait, in which a living person is depicted as a Greco-Roman goddess or other mythological figure. | + | |
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| - | Nattier’s graceful and charming portraits of court ladies in this mode were very fashionable, partly because he could beautify a sitter while also retaining her likeness. The most notable examples of his straightforward portraiture are the [[Marie Leszczyńska|"Marie Leczinska"]] at the [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon|Dijon Museum]], and a group of the artist surrounded by his family,"The Artist Surrounded by His Family", dated 1730. He died in Paris in 1766. | + | |
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| - | Many of his pictures are in the public collections of France. Thus at the [[Louvre]] is his "Magdalen"; at Nantes the portrait of "[[Marie Anne de Cupis de Camargo|La Camargo]]" and "A Lady of the Court of Louis XV". At Orleans a "Head of a Young Girl", at Marseilles a portrait of "[[Madame de Pompadour|Mme de Pompadour]]", at [[Perpignan]] a portrait of Louis XV, and at Valenciennes a portrait of "[[Louis François, duc de Boufflers|Le Duc de Boufflers]]". The Versailles Museum owns an important group of two ladies, and the Dresden Gallery a portrait of the [[Maurice de Saxe|"Maréchal de Saxe"]]. At the Wallace collection Nattier is represented by "The comtesse de Tillières" (formerly known as "Portrait of a Lady in Blue"), [[Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)|"Mademoiselle de Clermont]] en sultane", and "The marquise de Belestat". In the early part of the 20th century in the collection of Mr Lionel Phillips were the [[Diane-Adélaïde de Mailly|duchess of Flavacourt]] as "Le Silence", and the [[Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux|duchess of Châteauroux]] as "Le Point du jour" (now at Marseilles). A portrait of the Comtesse de Neubourg and her Daughter formed part of the Vaile Collection, and realized 4500 [[guinea]]s at the sale of this collection in 1903. Nattier's works have been engraved by Alphonse Leroy, [[Pierre Alexandre Tardieu|Tardieu]], Jean Audran (1667-1756), Dupin and many other noted craftsmen. The Getty Museum has "Madame Bonier de la Mosson as Diana," 1742. The Metropolitan Museum of Art has "Madame de Maison-Rouge as Diana," 1756. | + | |
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| - | See "J. M. Nattier", by [[Paul Mantz (writer)|Paul Mantz]], in the ''Gazette des beaux-arts'' (1894); ''Life of Nattier'', by his daughter, [[Madame Tocqué]]; ''Nattier'' by [[Pierre de Nolhac]] (1904, revised 1910); and ''French Painters of the XVIIIth Century'', by [[Lady Dilke]] (London, 1899). | + | |
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The French Academy in Rome (Template:Lang-fr) is an Academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "French Academy in Rome" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
