Francisco de Zurbarán  

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[[Image:Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars) by Francisco de Zurbarán.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars)]]'' (c. 1650) by [[Francisco de Zurbarán]]]] [[Image:Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars) by Francisco de Zurbarán.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars)]]'' (c. 1650) by [[Francisco de Zurbarán]]]]
-[[Image:Veronica's Veil (Francisco de Zurbarán, Bilbao).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Veil of Veronica]]'' by [[Francisco de Zurbarán]], [[Bilbao Fine Arts Museum]], see [[Veronica's Veil (Francisco de Zurbarán) |...]]]] +[[Image:Veronica's Veil (Francisco de Zurbarán, Bilbao).jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Veil of Veronica]]'' by [[Francisco de Zurbarán]], [[Bilbao Fine Arts Museum]], see [[Veronica's Veil (Francisco de Zurbarán) |...]]]]
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-:''[[Spanish art]], [[Agnus Dei (Zurbarán)]]'' 
'''Francisco de Zurbarán''' (November 7, 1598 – August 27, 1664) was a [[Spanish painter]]. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his [[still-life]]s. Zurbarán gained the nickname ''Spanish [[Caravaggio]]'', owing to the forceful, realistic use of [[chiaroscuro]] in which he excelled. '''Francisco de Zurbarán''' (November 7, 1598 – August 27, 1664) was a [[Spanish painter]]. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his [[still-life]]s. Zurbarán gained the nickname ''Spanish [[Caravaggio]]'', owing to the forceful, realistic use of [[chiaroscuro]] in which he excelled.
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== Auckland Castle == == Auckland Castle ==
In 1756 [[Richard Trevor (bishop)|Richard Trevor]] who was [[Bishop of Durham|Prince Bishop of Durham]] from 1752 to 1771 bought a series of 12 of the 13 portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons. These are still in [[Auckland Castle]], [[Bishop Auckland]], near [[Durham]], England, Great Britain. In 1756 [[Richard Trevor (bishop)|Richard Trevor]] who was [[Bishop of Durham|Prince Bishop of Durham]] from 1752 to 1771 bought a series of 12 of the 13 portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons. These are still in [[Auckland Castle]], [[Bishop Auckland]], near [[Durham]], England, Great Britain.
 +==See also==
 +:''[[Spanish art]], [[Agnus Dei (Zurbarán)]]''
 +*[[Fold]], [[cloth]], [[crease]]s
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars) (c. 1650) by Francisco de Zurbarán
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Bodegón (Still Life with Pottery Jars) (c. 1650) by Francisco de Zurbarán
Veil of Veronica by Francisco de Zurbarán, Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, see ...
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Veil of Veronica by Francisco de Zurbarán, Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, see ...

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Francisco de Zurbarán (November 7, 1598 – August 27, 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname Spanish Caravaggio, owing to the forceful, realistic use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

Contents

Early life

He was born at Fuente de Cantos in Extremadura, the son of Luis Zurbarán, a haberdasher, and his wife, Isabel Márquez. In childhood he set about imitating objects with charcoal. In 1614 his father sent him to Seville to apprentice for three years with Pedro Díaz de Villanueva, an artist of whom very little is known.

Style

It is unknown whether Zurbarán had the opportunity to copy the paintings of Michelangelo da Caravaggio; at any rate, he adopted Caravaggio's realistic use of chiaroscuro. The painter who may have had the greatest influence on his characteristically severe compositions was Juan Sánchez Cotán. Polychrome sculpture—which by the time of Zurbarán's apprenticeship had reached a level of sophistication in Seville that surpassed that of the local painters—provided another important stylistic model for the young artist; the work of Juan Martínez Montañés is especially close to Zurbarán's in spirit.


Later life

While in Seville, Zurbarán married Leonor de Jordera, by whom he had several children. Towards 1630 he was appointed painter to Philip IV; and there is a story that on one occasion the sovereign laid his hand on the artist's shoulder, saying "Painter to the king, king of painters." After 1640 his austere, harsh, hard edged style was unfavorably compared to the sentimental religiosity of Murillo and Zurbarán's reputation declined. It was only in 1658, late in Zurbarán's life that he moved to Madrid in search of work and renewed his contact with Velázquez. Zurbarán died in poverty and obscurity.

Artistic legacy

In 1627 he painted the great altarpiece of St. Thomas Aquinas, now in the Seville museum; it was executed for the church of the college of that saint there. This is Zurbarán's largest composition, containing figures of Christ, the Madonna, various saints, Charles V with knights, and Archbishop Deza (founder of the college) with monks and servitors, all the principal personages being more than life-size. It had been preceded by numerous pictures of the screen of St. Peter Nolasco in the cathedral.

In Santa Maria de Guadalupe he painted various large pictures, eight of which relate to the history of St. Jerome; and in the church of Saint Paul, Seville, a famous figure of the Crucified Saviour, in grisaille, creating an illusion of marble. In 1633 he finished the paintings of the high altar of the Carthusians in Jerez. In the palace of Buenretiro, Madrid are four large canvases representing the Labours of Hercules, an unusual instance of non-Christian subjects from the hand of Zurbarán. A fine example of his work is in the National Gallery, London: a whole-length, life-sized figure of a kneeling Franciscan holding a skull. His principal scholars were Bernabe de Ayala and the brothers Polanco (painters).

Auckland Castle

In 1756 Richard Trevor who was Prince Bishop of Durham from 1752 to 1771 bought a series of 12 of the 13 portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons. These are still in Auckland Castle, Bishop Auckland, near Durham, England, Great Britain.

See also

Spanish art, Agnus Dei (Zurbarán)




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