Film censorship
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
(Difference between revisions)
| Revision as of 08:17, 6 May 2007 WikiSysop (Talk | contribs) (→France) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 17:02, 17 April 2013 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | [[Image:Degenerate art exhibition in Nazi Germany.jpg|thumb|right|200px| | ||
| + | This page '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is part of the [[censorship]] portal. | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <small> | ||
| + | Illustration: | ||
| + | Cover of the [[Nazi Germany]] [[1937]] [[Degenerate art]] [[exhibition]]. This exhibition is also a perfect illustration of the beneficial side-effects of [[censorship]]. Beneficial in the sense that any attempt at banning works of art, books or other cultural artifacts results in an aide to discerning [[culturati]] to seek out this [[forbidden fruit]] with zeal. Such has been the case with [[Video Nasties]], the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]] (the Catholic Index) and the [[Degenerate Art]] expo depicted above.</small>]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Perversion for Profit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A typical image from ''[[Perversion for Profit]]'': a photograph taken from a [[lesbian pornography]] magazine and [[censorship|censored]] with [[censor bar|colored rectangles]]]] | ||
| + | |||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| + | :''[[List of films condemned by the Legion of Decency]], [[Video nasties]], [[List of banned films]]'' | ||
| For nearly the entire history of [[film]] production, certain films have been either boycotted by political and religious groups or literally banned by a [[regime]] for political or [[morality|moral]] reasons. Paradoxically, banning a movie often completely fails to achieve its intention of preventing a movie from being seen—the publicity given worldwide to '''banned films''' often results in it being given attention it might not otherwise receive. | For nearly the entire history of [[film]] production, certain films have been either boycotted by political and religious groups or literally banned by a [[regime]] for political or [[morality|moral]] reasons. Paradoxically, banning a movie often completely fails to achieve its intention of preventing a movie from being seen—the publicity given worldwide to '''banned films''' often results in it being given attention it might not otherwise receive. | ||
| - | With the advent of the Internet, the ability of groups or governments to ban a film is hindered. High-speed Internet access and better [[file compression]] give more people access to digital copies of movies that might not be available for viewing in theaters. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007] | + | With the advent of the Internet, the ability of groups or governments to ban a film is hindered. High-speed Internet access give more people access to digital copies of movies that might not be available for viewing in theaters. |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| == Banning versus censoring == | == Banning versus censoring == | ||
| Many governments have commissions to censor and/or rate productions for film and television exhibition. From a government standpoint, the [[censorship|censoring]] of films is more effective than banning, because it limits the scope of potentially dangerous or subversive cinema without overtly limiting freedom of speech. | Many governments have commissions to censor and/or rate productions for film and television exhibition. From a government standpoint, the [[censorship|censoring]] of films is more effective than banning, because it limits the scope of potentially dangerous or subversive cinema without overtly limiting freedom of speech. | ||
| Line 11: | Line 18: | ||
| From [[1930 in film|1930]] to [[1964 in film|1964]] film censorship boards did exist on state and/or local levels in some venues in the USA. The MPAA attempted to satisfy requirements of these disparate boards by creating films the [[Production Code|Motion Picture Production Code]] in the late 1920s, another voluntary system designed and implemented by the MPAA. Films were either approved or not under the Code, and those that were generally had little or no problems passing muster with state or local censors. | From [[1930 in film|1930]] to [[1964 in film|1964]] film censorship boards did exist on state and/or local levels in some venues in the USA. The MPAA attempted to satisfy requirements of these disparate boards by creating films the [[Production Code|Motion Picture Production Code]] in the late 1920s, another voluntary system designed and implemented by the MPAA. Films were either approved or not under the Code, and those that were generally had little or no problems passing muster with state or local censors. | ||
| - | Also, it is common for filmmakers to claim that their movie is banned when, in fact, the movies aren't banned but unable to find distributors. This is a common practice for both independent and foreign films. A recent example of this is the [[Toei Company]]'s ''[[Battle Royale (film)|Battle Royale]]'', a Japanese movie that has been unable to find distribution within the US because the Toei Company has demanded an unusually high distribution price with additional demands for its release.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://battleroyalefilm.net/movie/banned.html | title = Battle Royale (2000) FAQ: Is the movie really banned in America? | accessdate = 2007-03-03 | publisher = Battleroyalefilm.net}}</ref> If a movie is not distributed because of economic reasons, it cannot truly be considered a banned movie. | + | Also, it is common for filmmakers to claim that their movie is banned when, in fact, the movies aren't banned but unable to find distributors. This is a common practice for both independent and foreign films. A recent example of this is the [[Toei Company]]'s ''[[Battle Royale (film)|Battle Royale]]'', a Japanese movie that has been unable to find distribution within the US because the Toei Company has demanded an unusually high distribution price with additional demands for its release. If a movie is not distributed because of economic reasons, it cannot truly be considered a banned movie. |
| - | + | ||
| - | == Timeline == | + | |
| - | ===Argentina=== | + | |
| - | * [[1985 in film|1985]]: ''[[Je vous salue Marie]]'' (''Hail Mary''), directed by [[Jean-Luc Godard]], was banned due to its blasphemous and sexual contents.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Films Of Jean-Luc Godard (Cambridge Film Classics) | author = Sterritt, David | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 0521589711 | year = 2003 | pages = pp. 166}}</ref> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Australia === | + | |
| - | Australia's OFLC ([[Office of Film and Literature Classification (Australia)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]]) is responsible for much of the censorship, however each state and territory is free to make additional legislation. See also [[Censorship in Australia]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | In practice, films still get a short cinematic run before they are reviewed & prevented from being shown at cinemas or released on DVD, but broadband Internet access allows people who want to watch such films to do so. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1907 in film|1907]]: The Victorian Chief Secretary banned screenings of ''[[The Story of the Kelly Gang]]'' in [[Benalla]] and [[Wangaratta]]. | + | |
| - | * [[1911 in film|1911]]: Exhibition of ''The Story of the Kelly Gang'' film was banned in [[Adelaide]]. | + | |
| - | * [[1912 in film|1912]]: The [[New South Wales]] police department banned the production of [[bushranger]] films. | + | |
| - | * [[1928 in film|1928]] to [[1941 in film|1941]]: Chief Censor Creswell O'Reilly and his board ban many movies in this period, including ''[[Dawn]]'', ''Klondike Annie'' (starring [[Mae West]]), ''[[Applause (film)|Applause]]'' (it contained chorus girls), ''Compulsory Hands'', ''Cape Forlorn'', ''[[The Ladies Man (early film)|The Ladies Man]]'' (sexual overtones), ''White Cargo'' (interracial theme), ''The Five Year Plan'' (discussed [[communism]]), ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'', ''Gang Bullets'', ''[[Each Dawn I Die]]'', ''[[Hell's Kitchen (1939 film)|Hell's Kitchen]]'' (three US [[gangster film]]s), ''The King and the Chorus Girl'', ''The Birth of a Baby'' ("not in the public interest"), ''[[Green Pastures]]'', ''Susan and God'' (blasphemy), ''[[Reefer Madness]]'' and ''[[Of Mice and Men (1939 film)|Of Mice and Men]]'' (sex and violence in combination). | + | |
| - | * [[1942 in film|1942]] - ''The Monster and the Girl'', ''The Man With Two Lives'', ''[[The Invisible Ghost]]'', and ''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'', ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]'', ''[[Dracula (1931 film)|Dracula]]'' plus their respective sequels are all banned. | + | |
| - | * [[1964 in film|1964]] to [[1970 in film|1970]]: R. J. Prowse is appointed Chief Censor and Campbell goes into the Appeals Board. During the liberal 1960s many more films were being banned including ''[[The Miracle (film)|The Miracle]]'', ''[[Viridiana]]'', ''[[La Dolce Vita]]'', ''[[Satyricon (film)|Satyricon]]'', ''[[The Silence (1963 film)|The Silence]]'', ''[[Blowup]]'' and ''[[Zabriskie Point (film)|Zabriskie Point]]''. | + | |
| - | * [[1971 in film|1971]]: Customs Minister [[Don Chipp]] begins the development of a new classification system which includes the much-needed R18+ rating for adult content, meaning movies that were once banned are gradually released. | + | |
| - | * [[1972 in film|1972]]: [[Pink Flamingos]] was banned until 1984, when it is passed with an X18+ (later R18+) rating. | + | |
| - | * [[1975 in film|1975]]: Under pressure from Western conservatives, the OFLC viewed the [[arthouse]] Belgian film ''[[Vase de Noces]]'' (a.k.a. ''[[Vase de Noces|Wedding Trough]]'') and banned it from being played at the Perth International Film Festival (before this, film festivals were not held by restrictions of the censors). In a controversial move, the board lifted the ban on appeal, and the film was allowed to be screened. | + | |
| - | * [[1976 in film|1976]]: [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]]'s ''[[Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma]]'' is banned. ''[[Vase de Noces]]'' is re-banned, and it remains banned to this day. | + | |
| - | * [[1984 in film|1984]] : A governmental conference is held, resulting in the [[X-rated|X18+ rating]] being introduced to cope with the upsurge in hardcore pornographic films, and the later abolition of X18+ rated material in most Australian states (ownership of hardcore porn remains legal). ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'', an extremely graphic cannibal film by director [[Ruggero Deodato]], was banned until 2005. | + | |
| - | * [[1986 in film|1986]]: ''[[Lucker (film)|Lucker the Necrophagous]]'' is banned due to its graphic necrophilia content. | + | |
| - | * [[1990 in film|1990]]: Gail Malone is fired and the Queensland Film Board of Review is disbanded when the new [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] Premier [[Wayne Goss]] is outraged that the Board had banned an edited version of ''[[Bad Taste]]'' after a three-week run in cinemas (the South Australian Classification Council cut it by a further 4 min 30 sec for an M rating). It is later released uncut on DVD. ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors]]'' was also banned for a brief period, but later released on VHS and DVD. | + | |
| - | * [[1992 in film|1992]]: The Chinese [[splatter film|gore film]] ''Dr. Lamb'', previously banned in 1981, is released with 9m 30s cut (the poster is still banned). ''[[Nekromantik]]'', its sequel ''Nekromantik 2'' and [[Joe D'Amato|Joe D'Amato's]] ''Buio Omega'' are banned for necrophilia content, ''[[La Bestia in Calore|The Beast in Heat]]'' is banned for excessive sexual violence and ''[[Final Exit]]'' are banned for controversial themes after customs consfiscations. | + | |
| - | * [[1993 in film|1993]]: The ban on Pasolini's ''Salò'' is lifted. The MA15+ classification is introduced. | + | |
| - | * [[1995 in film|1995]]: Twelve queer films are banned from Tasmania's Queer film festival, including ''Spikes and Heels'', ''Coming Out Under Fire'', ''What a Lesbian Looks Like'', ''[[Mad About the Boy]]'', ''21st Century Nuns'' and ''Sex Fish''. [http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1995/181/181p19.htm] | + | |
| - | * [[1996 in film|1996]]: ''[[The Frighteners]]'' was banned in Tasmania because of sensitivity of the nature of the recent Port Arthur massacre (including a similar appearance of the film's antagonist and the gunman, Martin Bryant). The film has been since been televised and as released on VHS and DVD without problems. | + | |
| - | * [[1997 in film|1997]]: Pasolini's ''Salò'' is re-banned, a ban still in force. | + | |
| - | * [[2000 in film|2000]]: ''[[Romance (1999 film)|Romance]]'' is banned, but is later passed on appeal by the OFLC with an R18+ rating. | + | |
| - | * [[2002 in film|2002]]: ''[[Baise-moi]]'' is banned after initially being passed with an R18+ rating. | + | |
| - | * [[2003 in film|2003]]: ''[[Ken Park]]'' is banned, and NSW police close down a planned screening of the film. | + | |
| - | * [[2005 in film|2005]]: ''[[Wolf Creek (film)|Wolf Creek]]'' was temporarily banned in the [[Northern Territory]] to avoid influence during the trial of [[Bradley John Murdoch]] for [[murder]]. It is re-released in the [[Northern Territory]] in January 2006.[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200512/s1531954.htm] The OFLC unbanned a number of previously banned films including ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' and ''[[The New York Ripper]]'' after a lengthy review. The South Australian Classification Council upgrades the classification of ''9 Songs'' from R18+ to X18+, effectively banning it in South Australia (it remains R18+ in the rest of the country). | + | |
| - | ===Brazil=== | + | |
| - | *[[Di Cavalcanti (film)|Di Cavalcanti]] (1977) was banned outright. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Canada === | + | |
| - | Prior to the late 1980s and early 1990s, all Canadian provinces banned films with no purpose other than the display of explicit sexuality or excessive violence. | + | |
| - | *1918: [[Manitoba]] institutes a ban (since lifted) on all [[comedy|comedies]]. | + | |
| - | *1972: ''[[Pink Flamingos]]'' is edited in several provinces with the [[Maritimes]] banning it outright until 1997. | + | |
| - | *1976: ''[[Bloodsucking Freaks]]'' is banned in the Maritimes and [[Ontario]]. | + | |
| - | *1977: ''[[In the Realm of the Senses]]'' is banned by all provinces except [[Quebec]]. In 1991, the ban was overturned by most provinces. | + | |
| - | *1980: ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' is banned by all provinces, edited versions were later passed. | + | |
| - | *1980: ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'' is edited and later banned outright as [[child pornography]] by the Ontario Film Classification Board. | + | |
| - | *1983: ''[[I Spit on Your Grave]]'' is banned in the Maritimes until 1998. | + | |
| - | *1985: ''[[Day of the Dead (film)|Day of the Dead]]'' is banned in Ontario and the Maritimes, with a cut version passed in Ontario. | + | |
| - | *1987: ''[[Bad Taste]]'' is banned in Nova Scotia; it is now available on DVD with an 18 rating. | + | |
| - | *1989-1993: The ''[[Death Scenes]]'' video series is banned in the Maritimes. | + | |
| - | *1994: ''[[Exit To Eden (film)|Exit to Eden]]'' is temporarily banned by the [[Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board]]. | + | |
| - | *1997: ''[[Bastard Out of Carolina]]'' is banned by the [[Maritime Film Classification Board]]. This decision was later appealed and a video release was allowed. | + | |
| - | *2001: ''[[Fat Girl]]'' banned by the [[Ontario Film Review Board]] until 2003. | + | |
| - | *2006: ''[[Bumfights]]'' is banned in seven of the ten provinces; the remaining three give it an R rating. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | At present, only films containing prohibited material (such as child pornography) or under court order (such as libel or copyright infringement) are banned in Canadian Provinces. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === China === | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Because only a few imported films are granted permission to screen each year in China, only blockbuster or widely known films are listed. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * 1960: ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', for containing "propaganda of superstitious beliefs, namely Christianity." | + | |
| - | * 1997: ''[[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|Seven Years in Tibet]]'', for its view on a free Tibet. (Banned outright) | + | |
| - | * 1999: ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'', for parodying Saddam Hussein, the prime-minister of [[Iraq]]. The show still remains. (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2000: ''[[Devils on the Doorstep]]'', for its controversial portrayal of the Japanese Occupation of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War despite being a Chinese-made film (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2005: ''[[Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life]]'', for its unflattering depictions of Chinese society (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha (film)|Memoirs of a Geisha]]'', over concerns it could rouse anti-Japanese sentiment. (Banned outright) | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'', for its depictions of homosexuality. (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2006: Scorsese's ''[[The Departed]]'', for suggesting that the government intends to use nuclear weapons on Taiwan, which is a very sensitive political issue. (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Over the Hedge (film)|Over the Hedge]]'' was banned for a scene of showing a naked turtle, with a butt showing. (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'', for its depiction of incest. (Never given permission to screen) | + | |
| - | <br> | + | |
| - | :''See also: [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China#Film|Censorship in the People's Republic of China, Film]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Denmark=== | + | |
| - | *In 1937, [[Ryska snuvan]] was banned. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Egypt === | + | |
| - | Early [[1960s]]: The government of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] banned all films starring [[Paul Newman]], [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[Samantha Kaur Alukh]] and several other American actors and actresses due to their strong, public support of [[Israel]]. | + | |
| - | * 2003: ''[[Bruce Almighty]]'' was banned due to "sacreligous content". '' | + | |
| - | * 2003: ''[[The Matrix Reloaded]]'' was banned due to what government censors claimed was anti-religious content, although critics have argued that the ban had more to do with the fact that the film's heroes inhabit a city called [[Zion (The Matrix)|Zion]]. | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]'' was banned from both theaters and DVD re-trailers, and the book is also unavailable. | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' was banned because of the delay from both DVD re-trailers and all movie theaters. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Finland === | + | |
| - | * 1940s: During World War II, Finland banned the films ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]'' and ''[[Johnny Eager]]'' in 1943. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Other films banned in Finland include: | + | |
| - | * 1930: ''[[The Battleship Potemkin|Bronenosets Potyomkin]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1933-1939: ''[[King Kong]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1947-1949: ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' . | + | |
| - | * 1948: ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1957: ''[[The Curse of Frankenstein]]'' and its sequels ''[[The Revenge of Frankenstein]]'' (1958), ''[[The Evil of Frankenstein]]'' (1964), and ''[[Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed]]'' (1969). | + | |
| - | * 1960: ''[[Peeping Tom (film)|Peeping Tom]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1964-1987: ''[[The Manchurian Candidate (1962 film)|The Manchurian Candidate]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1972: ''[[Dirty Harry]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1981: ''[[Cruising]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1981: ''[[Evil Dead]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1984-2001: ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === France === | + | |
| - | * 1939: ''[[Beau Geste]]'' was banned until 1977 for betraying the [[Foreign Legion]] in a negative light and insulting French culture | + | |
| - | * 1943: ''[[Le Corbeau]]'' was banned until 1969, first by the Nazis, then the French government, for dealing with collaboration. | + | |
| - | * 1953: ''Les statues meurent aussi'', a short film by [[Alain Resnais]] was banned. Its theme was that Western civilization is responsible for the decline of [[black art]]. The film was seen at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1953 but subsequently banned by the French censor. | + | |
| - | * 1960: ''[[Le Petit Soldat]]'' was banned on political grounds and the ban was lifted in 1963 with certain cuts. | + | |
| - | * 1970: ''Mais ne nous délivrez pas du mal'', also known as ''Don't Deliver Us from Evil'', was a movie based on the [[Parker-Hulme murder]] that was banned for [[blasphemy]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Germany === | + | |
| - | * [[1919 in film|1919]]: ''Different From Others'' banned for [[homosexual]] themes.[http://www.glbtq.com/arts/eur_film.html] | + | |
| - | * 1933 - 1945: ''[[The Battleship Potemkin|Bronenosets Potyomkin]]'' (Battleship Potemkin), a film made by [[Sergei Eisenstein]] depicting the [[1905 Revolution]] in [[Odessa]], was banned during the period of the [[Third Reich]]. | + | |
| - | * 1939 - 1945: ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'', starring [[James Stewart (actor)|James Stewart]] and directed by [[Frank Capra]], was banned for political reasons, according to Capra's autobiography ''[[The Name Above The Title]]''. | + | |
| - | * 1940s-1998: ''[[The Great Dictator]]'', starring [[Charlie Chaplin]], was banned during [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler's]] regime in [[Germany]] because of its satirical depictions of the dictator. | + | |
| - | * 1945: ''[[Triumph of the Will]]'' is nowadays only allowed to be shown in critical context, e.g. with introductory remarks. | + | |
| - | * [[1974 in film|1974]]: ''[[Ilsa: She-Wolf of the SS]]''. Also banned in [[Australia]], [[Norway]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. | + | |
| - | * [[1983 in film|1983]]: ''[[Maniac (1980 film)|Maniac]]'', the first ban of a video tape in Germany. | + | |
| - | * [[1984 in film|1984]]: § 131 StGB, the act against violent media is reformed. In the following time there were many films banned because of violent contents. All these films are still banned. | + | |
| - | * [[1984 in film|1984]]: ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' was banned until 1990; the uncut version is still banned outright. | + | |
| - | * [[1985 in film|1985]]: ''[[The Evil Dead]]'' was banned until a version with a few seconds cut was legalized in 1993; the uncut version is still banned. | + | |
| - | * [[1985 in film|1985]]: ''[[The Texas Chainsaw Massacre]]''. A court in Munich banned this horror classic (still banned). | + | |
| - | * [[1988 in film|1988]]: ''[[Friday the 13th Part 3]]'' and ''[[Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter]]'' (heavily cut) are banned on the same day by a court in Frankfurt. | + | |
| - | * [[1991 in film|1991]]: ''[[Dawn of the Dead]]''. The censor's favorite: more than 10 versions of George A. Romero's film are banned in Germany, even heavily cut versions. | + | |
| - | * [[2000 in film|2000]]: ''[[Braindead (1992 film)|Braindead]]'' - later cut (uncut version still banned). | + | |
| - | * [[2003 in film|2003]]: After an 18 year old pupil run amok in a German school and killed 17 people with a handgun before shooting himself, the § 131 StGB was reformed again. | + | |
| - | * [[2004 in film|2004]]: ''[[Blood Feast]]''. A court in Karlsruhe banned this film more than 40 years after its making. | + | |
| - | * [[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[Maladolescenza|Spielen wir Liebe]]'', an infamous exploitation movie from 1977, was banned because of child pornography. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === India === | + | |
| - | * 1970 - ''[[Kissa Kursi Kaa]]'' was banned for political reasons. | + | |
| - | * 1984 - ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' was banned for its "racist portrayal of Indians and overt imperialistic tendencies".<ref>{{cite web | title = Trivia for ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087469/trivia | work = [[IMDb]] | accessdate = 2007-01-14 }}</ref> For example, the film shows chilled [[monkey brain]]s are served as a dessert in India, which in reality, contradicts the reverence [[Hindu]]s have towards monkeys due to mythological character [[Hanuman]] in the epic [[Ramayana]]. | + | |
| - | * 1996 - ''[[Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love]]'' (cut version available) | + | |
| - | ===Iran=== | + | |
| - | *1956: [[The King and I (1956 film)|The King & I]] | + | |
| - | *1968: [[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]] | + | |
| - | *1971: [[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]] | + | |
| - | *1973: [[The Exorcist (film)|The Exorcist]] | + | |
| - | *1977: [[Saturday Night Fever]] | + | |
| - | *1980: [[Cannibal Holocaust]] | + | |
| - | *1982: [[The Dark Crystal]] | + | |
| - | *1983: [[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]] | + | |
| - | *1989: [[Pet Sematary (film)|Pet Sematary]] | + | |
| - | *1990: [[Henry & June]] | + | |
| - | *1995: [[Showgirls]] | + | |
| - | *1997: [[Boogie Nights]] | + | |
| - | *1999: [[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]], [[Three Kings (film)|Three Kings]] and [[Anna and the King]] | + | |
| - | *2001: [[Zoolander]] | + | |
| - | *2002: [[Pinocchio (2002 film)|Pinocchio]] | + | |
| - | *2004: [[Fahrenheit 9/11]] and [[Catwoman (film)|Catwoman]] | + | |
| - | *2005: [[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]] and [[Brokeback Mountain]] | + | |
| - | *2006: [[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]] and [[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]] | + | |
| - | *2007: [[300 (film)|300]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Iraq === | + | |
| - | *[[1999 in film|1999]]: ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'' was banned for its depiction of [[Saddam Hussein]] as the homosexual lover of Satan. ''[[South Park]]'' is also unavailable on television. | + | |
| - | *[[1999 in film|1999]]: ''[[Three Kings (film)|Three Kings]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[2002 in film|2002]]: ''[[Pinocchio (2002 film)|Pinocchio]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[2005 in film|2005]]: ''[[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'' ''The title is completely unavailable.'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Ireland === | + | |
| - | * 1931: ''[[Monkey Business (1931 film)|Monkey Business]]'' was banned because censors feared it would encourage anarchic tendencies. | + | |
| - | * 1967: ''[[Ulysses (film)|Ulysses]]'', based on the book by [[James Joyce]] - unbanned September 2000. | + | |
| - | * 1968: ''[[Rocky Road to Dublin (film)|Rocky Road to Dublin]]'' (documentary which in part questioned Irish censorship) - unbanned in 2003. | + | |
| - | * 1971: ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' - unbanned in 2000. | + | |
| - | * 1979: ''[[The Life of Brian]]'' - unbanned in 1987. | + | |
| - | * 1983: ''[[The Meaning of Life]]'' - unbanned in 1990. | + | |
| - | * 1984: ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' - unbanned in 2006. | + | |
| - | * 1989: ''[[Meet The Feebles]]'' - still banned as of 2007. | + | |
| - | * 1991: ''[[Riki-Oh]]'' - unbanned in 2002. | + | |
| - | * 1994: ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' - unbanned. | + | |
| - | * 1996: ''[[From Dusk Till Dawn]]'' - unbanned in 2000. | + | |
| - | * 1999: ''[[Romance (1999 film)|Romance]]'' - still banned. | + | |
| - | * 2000: ''[[Baise Moi]]'' - still banned. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Due to the small size of the country, films banned by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) are rarely even submitted for release in Ireland, due to the high costs of promotion and distribution for such a small area. Similarly, BBFC cuts are often left in DVD releases due to the difficulties in separating the two supplies. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Banned movies can still be viewed at private members clubs with 18+ age limits. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Italy === | + | |
| - | Although there is a censorship board run by the government and in which one member is drawn from the [[Roman Catholic Church]], very few movies are not certified for release. Notably, [[Lion of the Desert]], starring Anthony Quinn and concerning the Libyan revolution against Italy, and a few other films concerning Italian war crimes during its brief colonial history were banned for a time during the post-[[Mussolini]] period. Almost all [[Pasolini]]'s movies, including [[Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma|Salo: 120 Days of Sodom]] (1975), were banned for a while but then released. [[Last Tango in Paris]] was banned for some time as well. Another Italian film, [[Cannibal Holocaust]], was banned in Italy from 1980-1984. It was banned on the belief that the actors were actually killed for the movie (i.e. that it was an ''actual [[snuff film]]''). When this was proven false, it was banned by an animal cruelty law (the film features the actual slayings of many animals), until the verdict was overturned in 1984. Also banned under Mussolini was the film adaptations of [[Ayn Rand]]'s novel ''[[We the Living]]'', titled ''Noi vivi'' and ''Addio, Kira''. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Japan === | + | |
| - | Despite [[Eirin|Japan]]'s strict censorship policy on [[nudity]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, very few films are banned there. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Those that are banned are usually put under self imposed studio bans by the companies that produced them. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1945 in film|1945]]: The [[Akira Kurosawa]] directed movie [[The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail]] was temporarily banned by the [[Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers|SCAP]] because it portrayed feudalism in a positive light. | + | |
| - | * [[1955 in film|1955]]: The [[Toho]] production [[Half Human]], directed by [[Ishiro Honda]] was put under a self imposed ban by Toho after it was feared that the film would be seen as degrading portrayal of Japan's [[Ainu people|Ainu]] minority. | + | |
| - | ''The film was never released on [[VHS]], [[laserdisc]] or [[DVD]] and to this day the only way to see it is through its heavily edited US version.'' | + | |
| - | * [[1958 in film|1958]]: [[Varan the Unbelievable]] was put under a self imposed studio ban by Toho for some of the same reasons that Half Human was but was finally released in the 1980s on VHS and laserdisc (with a few lines of reportedly racist dialogue removed from the film). | + | |
| - | * [[1969 in film|1969]]: [[Teruo Ishii]]'s exploitation flick [[Horror of Malformed Man]] was put under a studio ban by Toei due to the film's numerous offensive elements. | + | |
| - | ''These days, with the film currently unavailable in any format in Japan or the West, the only way to see it is through the occasional screening.'' | + | |
| - | * [[1974 in film|1974]]: Toho placed yet another one of their films under a self imposed ban, this time [[Prophecies of Nostradamus]], an apocalyptic disaster film after a group of [[hibakusha]], or [[Hiroshima]] survivors, saw the film and were highly offended by sequences showing a research party being attacked by radioactive cannibals and a pair of horribly deformed post-apocalyptic mutants fighting over a worm. After airing the film uncut on television in 1980, Toho withdrew the film from circulation entirely. Toho attempted releasing this film onto VHS in the late 1980s but was stopped due to protests. | + | |
| - | ''The only way to see the film is through the film's US version [[The Last Days of Planet Earth]] or through a grey market copy of the uncut version containing the time code at the top of the screen.'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Kuwait === | + | |
| - | *1999: ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'' | + | |
| - | *1999: ''[[Three Kings (film)|Three Kings]]'' | + | |
| - | *2004: ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' | + | |
| - | *2005: ''[[The 40 Year-Old Virgin]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Malaysia === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Exorcist (film)|The Exorcist]]'' (1973) - passed for VCD release by Movie Master | + | |
| - | * ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'' (1977) - passed for DVD release | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]''''' (1984) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]''''' (1983) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Pet Sematary (film)|Pet Sematary]]''''' (1989) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Schindler's List]]'' (1993) - passed in 2004 for DVD release by Berjaya HVN | + | |
| - | * ''[[Babe (film)|Babe]]'' (1995) - passed for VHS release by Berjaya HVN in 1996 | + | |
| - | * ''[[Showgirls]]'' (1995) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Last Man Standing (film)|Last Man Standing]]''''' (1996) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Babe: Pig in the City]]'' (1998)- passed for VCD release by Berjaya HVN | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Blade (film)|Blade]]''''' (1998) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998) - passed for VCD and DVD release by Berjaya HVN - but for non-Muslims only | + | |
| - | * ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' (1998) - passed for VCD and DVD release by Berjaya HVN | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me]]''''' (1999) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]''''' (1999) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Fiza]]''''' (2001) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Zoolander]]''''' (2001) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Auto Focus]]'' (2002) - passed for VCD release from MediaMax.com Sdn Bhd. | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Queen of the Damned (film)|Queen of the Damned]]''''' (2002) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[40 Days and 40 Nights]]''''' (2002) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Pinocchio (2002 film)|Pinocchio]]''''' (2002) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Bruce Almighty]]'' (2003) - passed for VCD and DVD release by Berjaya HVN | + | |
| - | * ''[[Daredevil (film)|Daredevil]]'' (2003) - passed for VCD and DVD release | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Homerun (film)|Homerun]]''''' (2003) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Freddy vs. Jason]]''''' (2003) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Underworld (2003 film)|Underworld]]''''' (2003) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Kill Bill|Kill Bill: Vol. 1]]'' (2003) - passed for DVD release by Berjaya HVN | + | |
| - | * '''''[[The Girl Next Door]]''''' (2004) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'' (2004) - prohibited from non-Christian viewers | + | |
| - | * ''[[Sideways]]'' (2004) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Team America: World Police]]''''' (2004) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Saw (film)|Saw]]''' (2004) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Sin City (film)|Sin City]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Hustle & Flow]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Saw II]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Inside Deep Throat]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Hard Candy (film)|Hard Candy]]''''' (2005) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Hostel (film)|Hostel]]'' (2005) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Rent (film)|Rent]]'' (2005) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''''' (2006) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[See No Evil (film)|See No Evil]]''''' (2006) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[United 93 (film)|United 93]]''''' (2006) | + | |
| - | * ''[[How to Eat Fried Worms (film)|How to Eat Fried Worms]]'' (2006) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Saw III]]''''' (2006) | + | |
| - | * '''''[[Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]''''' (2006) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === New Zealand === | + | |
| - | * 1972 - ''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' (ban lifted 2004, DVD released ''[[uncut]]'') | + | |
| - | * 1978 - ''[[Day of the Woman]]'' (ban lifted 2004, DVD released ''[[uncut]]'') | + | |
| - | * 1980 - ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (uncut version) | + | |
| - | * 1981- ''[[Mad Max]]'' (ban lifted on appeal) | + | |
| - | * 2004 - ''[[Puni Puni Poemy]]'' [http://www.censorship.govt.nz/oflcdd/DocProps.asp?PubNum=401827] | + | |
| - | * 2006 - ''[[Bumfights]]'' (Customs confiscation) | + | |
| - | * 2006 - ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (cut version banned in July - all VHS and DVD copies removed from store shelves) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Norway === | + | |
| - | *[[1964]]-[[1971]]: ''[[491 (film)|491]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[1984]]-[[2005]]: ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[1998]]: ''[[Kite (film)|Kite]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Oman === | + | |
| - | *[[2006]]: ''[[Basic Instinct 2]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Pakistan === | + | |
| - | * The Pakistani government has banned the import of Indian and American films, leaving piracy as the only way to distribute them. | + | |
| - | *[[1999]]: ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'' (uncut version), banned just like the show, [[South Park]], because of the parody of Saddam that the censors and the audience walked out of the theater as it says, "The first non-pornographic movie to be banned in Pakistan." Even though it says uncut in this title, the cut version was unbanned (the uncut version is still banned). | + | |
| - | *[[2006]]: ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'', out of respect for the [[Christian]] community there. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Poland === | + | |
| - | * 1997 -''Witajcie w życiu'' (Welcome to the life), a documentary film by Henryk Dederko about [[Amway]] in Poland was banned after the Polish office of the Amway Corporation managed to get a court ban on the movie because they claimed it was [[libel]]ous. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Portugal === | + | |
| - | * [[1970 in film|1970]]: ''[[Catch-22 (film)|Catch-22]]'' was banned until 1974 for the scene showing Capt. [[Yossarian]] naked in a tree. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Russia === | + | |
| - | * [[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' banned as "offensive". [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=akkVr2mB7XV8&refer=europe] It is the first non-pornographic film since the fall of the Soviet Union to be banned in Russia. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Samoa === | + | |
| - | * [[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'' (see [[Censorship in Samoa]] for details) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Singapore === | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1971 in film|1971]]: ''[[A Clockwork Orange]]'' was banned for 30 over years before an attempt for release was made in [[2006]]. However the ban was not lifted when the submission for a [[Motion_picture_rating_system#Singapore|M18]] rating was rejected. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1974 in film|1974]]: ''[[The Texas Chain Saw Massacre]]'' was prohibited from releasing in the island since the 70s. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1974 in film|1974]]: ''[[Life of Brian]]'' contains 'inappropriate' religious content which led the film to be banned. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1980 in film|1980]]: The highly disturbing ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' was banned outright for its extreme violence. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1981 in film|1981]]: ''[[The Evil Dead]]'' has been banned since its release in 1981. The authority disallowed it for "excessive graphic violence and gore". | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1986 in film|1986]]: Along with its prequel, ''[[The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2]]'' was categorised as banned by the authority. No submittance for re-rating was ever made. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1988 in film|1988]]: ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' was never allowed to be screened or released in [[video formats]] to the public for its controversial religious content. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1995 in film|1995]]: ''[[Lie Down with Dogs]]'' was banned for strong sexuality. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[1999 in film|1999]]: The movie ''[[South Park: Bigger Longer & Uncut]]'' shared the same fate with its banned [[television series]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[2003 in film|2003]]: ''[[15 (film)|15]]'' was initially banned, and the Singapore board of censors later ruled that the film should be rated [[Motion picture rating system#Singapore|R(A)]] and made 27 cuts to the film. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[2004 in film|2004]]: ''[[A Dirty Shame]]'' was banned for its 'crude humour and sexuality'. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[2004 in film|2004]]: ''[[Formula 17]]'' was banned because it "portrayed homosexuality as normal, and a natural progression of society".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4716610.stm | title = Singapore censor passes Brokeback | publisher = BBC News | date = [[2006-02-15]] | accessdate = 2007-03-04}}</ref> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * [[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[Shortbus]]'' was banned for its explicit sexual content. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Solomon Islands === | + | |
| - | * [[2006 in film|2006]]: ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]''. Prime Minister [[Manasseh Sogavare]] stated that the film "undermines the very roots of Christianity in Solomon Islands." [http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pireport/2006/May/05-24-11.htm] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === South Africa === | + | |
| - | * [[1971 in film|1971]]: ''A Clockwork Orange'' was banned. | + | |
| - | * [[1984 in film|1984]]: ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' was seized by customs (specific year is unknown at this time). It was given an XX rating, which prevented it from being sold in the country. It is now rated 18 for a cut version (the uncut version is still banned). | + | |
| - | * [[1990 in film|1990]]: ''[[Henry & June]]'' was banned. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Soviet Union === | + | |
| - | * [[1967 in film|1967]]: ''[[Komissar]]'' was banned. It was re-released in the late 1980s, winning nine awards, including the Golden Bear at the [[Berlin Film Festival]]. [http://imdb.com/title/tt0061876/awards] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Spain === | + | |
| - | * 1939-1976: ''[[The Battleship Potemkin]]'' was banned. | + | |
| - | * 1940-1976: ''[[The Great Dictator]]'' was banned for its portrayal of Fascism. | + | |
| - | * 1957-1986: ''[[Paths of Glory]]'' was banned by General [[Francisco Franco]]'s dictatorship, for its anti-military message. It was released in 1986, 11 years after Franco's death. | + | |
| - | * 1972: ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' was banned. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Sri Lanka === | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Aksharaya]]'' (''Letter of Fire'') was banned for dealing with issues of incest, murder, and rape. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Sweden === | + | |
| - | * 1922-1972: ''[[Nosferatu]]'' was banned for excessive horror. | + | |
| - | * 1981: ''[[Mad Max]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1997: ''[[Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation]]'' [http://www.statensbiografbyra.se/FMPro?-db=wfilm.fp5&-format=detalj.htm&-lay=webgrund&-op=cn&TitelDoek=Texas%20Chainsaw%20Massacre%3a%20The%20Next%20Generation&-max=10&-recid=34966&-find=] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Switzerland === | + | |
| - | * 1994: ''[[Blutgeil]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Thailand === | + | |
| - | * 1946: ''[[Anna and the King of Siam]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1956: ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1983: ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1999: ''[[Anna and the King]]'' | + | |
| - | * 1999: ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]]'' | + | |
| - | * 2006: ''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Tunisia=== | + | |
| - | Tunisia has some various censorship to films like these. They just don't accept it. | + | |
| - | *In [[2007]], [[300 (film)|300]] was banned for special war. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Ukraine=== | + | |
| - | * 2004: ''[[The Texas Chainsaw Massacre]]'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===United Arab Emirates=== | + | |
| - | *2006: ''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' was banned as "vile, tasteless and completely gross". Two of the censors walked out during the screening. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === United Kingdom === | + | |
| - | *1932: ''[[Freaks]]'' is rejected by British censors and banned. | + | |
| - | *1952: ''[[Freaks]]'' is again rejected for a cinema rating certificate. | + | |
| - | *1954: ''[[The Wild One]]'' was banned from distribution in the United Kingdom until the late 1960s. | + | |
| - | *1960: ''[[La maschera del demonio]]'' was banned until 1968 due to its violent content. | + | |
| - | *1963: ''[[Freaks]]'' is finally passed with an X rating. | + | |
| - | *1968: [[Roger Corman]]'s film ''[[The Trip (1967 film)|The Trip]]'' was banned due to glorification of [[LSD]]. It is later unbanned but not released in Britain until the mid-1990s, by which time the youth subcultures depicted in the film were extremely dated. | + | |
| - | *1972: ''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' was banned by the BBFC until [[2002]]. | + | |
| - | *1974: ''[[The Texas Chainsaw Massacre]]'' was famously banned by [[James Ferman]] (the reason for the ban is only known to Ferman himself, but many suggests that it was very shocking at the time). It was passed uncut in [[1999]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1975 in film|1975]]: [[Umberto Lenzi|Umberto Lenzi's]] ''[[Man from Deep River|Il Paese del Sesso Selvaggio]]'' is banned. | + | |
| - | *[[1981 in film|1981]]: [[Ruggero Deodato|Ruggero Deodato's]] ''La Casa Sperduta nel Parco'' (''[[House on the Edge of the Park|The House on the Edge of the Park]]'') is banned until 2002. | + | |
| - | *[[1984 in film|1984]]: The infamous [[video nasty]] list is created to protect against obscenity. Films on this list were banned and distributors of said films were viable to be prosecuted (some of the films were banned before this list was made). This list banned 74 films at one point in the mid-80s, but the list was eventually trimmed down when only 39 films were successfully prosecuted. Most of the films (even of the 39 successfully prosecuted) have now been approved by the [[BBFC]] either cut or uncut. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | This is the list of these films (it should be noted that all films that are forced to be cut by the [[BBFC]] are still banned in the UK in their original unedited format, and films in bold below are completely banned in the UK): | + | |
| - | *''Absurd'' (original title: ''Rosse Sangue'' -- released with 2m 32s cut in 1983) | + | |
| - | *''[[The Anthropophagous Beast]]'' (original title: ''Antropophagus'' -- released with approximately 3m of pre-cuts in 2002) | + | |
| - | *''Axe'' (original title: ''Lisa, Lisa'' -- re-released uncut in 2005) | + | |
| - | *'''''The Beast In Heat (original title: La Bestia in Calore -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''[[The Beyond]]'' (original title: ''E tu Vivrai nel Terrore - L'Aldilà'' -- re-released uncut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Bloodbath'' (original title: ''Reazione a Catena'' -- released with 43s cut in 1994) | + | |
| - | *''[[Blood Feast]]'' (re-released uncut in 2005) | + | |
| - | *'''''Blood Rites (original title: The Ghastly Ones -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Bloody Moon'' (original title: ''Die Säge des Todes'' -- released with 1m 20s cut in 1993) | + | |
| - | *''The Bogey Man'' (original title: ''The Boogeyman'' -- re-released uncut in 2000) | + | |
| - | *''[[The Burning]]'' (re-released uncut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Cannibal Apocalypse'' (original title: ''Apocalypse Domani'' -- released with 2s cut in 2005) | + | |
| - | *''[[Cannibal Ferox]]'' (released with approximately 5m of pre-cuts plus 6s of additional cuts in 2000) | + | |
| - | *''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (released with 5m 46s cut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Cannibal Man'' (original title: ''La Semana del Asesino'' -- released with 3s cut in 1993) | + | |
| - | *''Cannibal Terror'' (original title: ''Terror Caníbal'' -- released uncut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *''Contamination'' (released uncut in 2004 and rated 15) | + | |
| - | *''Dead & Buried'' (re-released uncut in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''Death Trap'' (original title: ''Eaten Alive'' -- re-released uncut in 2000) | + | |
| - | *''[[Il Paese del Sesso Selvaggio|Deep River Savages]]'' (original title: ''Il Paese del Sesso Selvaggio'' -- released with 3m 45s cut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *''Delirium'' (released with 16s cut in 1987) | + | |
| - | *'''''Devil Hunter (original title: Il Cacciatore di Uomini -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Don't Go In The House'' (released with 3m 7s cut in 1987) | + | |
| - | *'''''[[Don't Go In The Woods... Alone|Don't Go in the Woods]] (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Don't Go Near The Park'' (released uncut in 2006) | + | |
| - | *''Don't Look In The Basement'' (original title: ''The Forgotten'' -- released uncut in 2005 and rated 15) | + | |
| - | *''[[Driller Killer|The Driller Killer]]'' (re-released uncut in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''[[The Evil Dead]]'' (re-released uncut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Evilspeak'' (re-released uncut in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''Exposé'' (re-released with approximately 30s cut in 2006) | + | |
| - | *''[[Faces Of Death]]'' (released with 2m 19s cut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *'''''[[Fight For Your Life]] (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''[[Flesh for Frankenstein]]'' (re-released uncut in 2006) | + | |
| - | *'''''Forest Of Fear (original title: Bloodeaters -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *'''''Frozen Scream (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''The Funhouse'' (released uncut in 1987) | + | |
| - | *'''''Gestapo's Last Orgy (original title: L'Ultima orgia del III Reich -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''[[The House by the Cemetery]]'' (original title: ''Quella Villa Accanto al Cimitero'' -- re-released with 33s cut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''[[House on the Edge of the Park|The House On The Edge Of The Park]]'' (original title: ''La Casa Sperduta nel Parco'' -- released with 11m 43s cut in 2002) | + | |
| - | *''Human Experiments'' (released with 26s cut in 1994) | + | |
| - | *''I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses'' (released with 1m 6s cut in 1986) | + | |
| - | *''[[I Spit On Your Grave]]'' (original title: ''Day of the Woman'' -- released with 7m 2s cut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Inferno'' (re-released with 20s cut in 1993) | + | |
| - | *''Island of Death'' (original title: ''Ta Pedhia tou dhiavolou'' -- released with 4m 9s cut in 2002) | + | |
| - | *''Killer Nun'' (original title: ''Suor Omicidi'' -- re-released uncut in 2006) | + | |
| - | *''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' (released with 31s cut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *'''''Late Night Trains (original title: L'Ultimo treno della notte -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Living Dead At Manchester Morgue'' (original title: ''Non si deve profanare il sonno dei morti'' -- re-released uncut in 2002) | + | |
| - | *'''''[[Love Camp 7]] (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Madhouse'' (original title: ''There Was a Little Girl'' -- released uncut in 2004) | + | |
| - | *'''''Mardi Gras Massacre (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Night Of The Bloody Apes'' (original title: ''La Horripilante bestia humana'' -- released with approximately 1m of pre-cuts in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''[[Night of the Demon (1980 film)|Night of the Demon]]'' (released with 1m 41s cut in 1994) | + | |
| - | *'''''Nightmare Maker (Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''Nightmare In A Damaged Brain'' (re-released with pre-cuts in 2005) | + | |
| - | *''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (released uncut in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''Pranks'' (original title: ''The Dorm That Dripped Blood'' -- re-released with 10s cut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Prisoner Of The Cannibal God'' (original title: ''La Montagna del Dio Cannibale'' -- released with 2m 6s cut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''Revenge Of The Bogey Man'' (original title: ''Boogeyman II'' -- released with additional footage in 2003) | + | |
| - | *''[[Shogun Assassin]]'' (re-released uncut in 1999) | + | |
| - | *''The Slayer'' (re-released uncut in 2001) | + | |
| - | *''[[Snuff (movie)|Snuff]]'' (released uncut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *''SS Experiment Camp'' (original title: ''Lager SSadis Kastrat Kommandantur'' -- released uncut in 2005) | + | |
| - | *''[[Tenebrae (film)|Tenebrae]]'' (original title: ''Tenebre'' -- re-released uncut in 2003) | + | |
| - | *''Terror Eyes'' (original title: ''Night School'' -- released with 1m 16s cut in 1987) | + | |
| - | *''The Toolbox Murders'' (released with 1m 46s cut in 2000) | + | |
| - | *''Unhinged'' (released uncut in 2004) | + | |
| - | *''Visiting Hours'' (released with approximately 2m cut in 1986) | + | |
| - | *'''''The Werewolf And The Yeti (original title: La Maldición de la bestia -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''The Witch Who Came From The Sea'' (released uncut in 2006) | + | |
| - | *'''''Women Behind Bars (original title: Des diamants pour l'enfer -- Banned outright)''''' | + | |
| - | *''[[Xtro]]'' (released uncut in 1987) | + | |
| - | *''Zombie Creeping Flesh'' (original title: ''Virus'' -- released uncut in 2002) | + | |
| - | *''[[Zombi II|Zombie Flesh Eaters]]'' (original title: ''Zombi 2'' -- re-released uncut in 2005 | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === United States === | + | |
| - | Films are usually not banned today in the United States, as the First Amendment's section on freedom of speech is strictly enforced. Decades ago, however, obscenity was a valid reason for a film to be banned in certain cities across the nation. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | *[[1908 in film|1908]]: ''[[The James Boys in Missouri]]'' and ''[[Night Riders (film)|Night Riders]]'' are banned in [[Chicago]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1915 in film|1915]]: ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' banned in several American cities, including Chicago, [[Cleveland]], [[Pittsburgh]], and [[St. Louis]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1917 in film|1917]]: ''The film [[Birth Control (film)|Birth control]], produced by and starring [[Margaret Sanger]] banned, with the New York Court of Appeals holding that a film on family planning work may be censored "in the interest of morality, decency, and public safety and welfare". | + | |
| - | *[[1919 in film|1919]]-[[1920 in film|1920]]: ''[[Within Our Gates]]'' banned in Chicago, [[New Orleans]], and [[Omaha]], for its depiction of interracial rape, lynching, and racial discrimination. | + | |
| - | *[[1926 in film|1926]]: ''[[The Red Kimono]]'', based on a real-life Chicago murder case and political scandal, banned in Chicago. | + | |
| - | *[[1928 in film|1928]]: ''[[The Racket]]'' banned in Chicago. | + | |
| - | *[[1931 in film|1931]]: ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]'' banned in Kansas for its portrayal of cruelty. | + | |
| - | *[[1932 in film|1932]]: ''[[Freaks]]'' banned in [[Cleveland]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1932 in film|1932]]: ''[[Scarface (1932 film)|Scarface]]'', a violent gangster movie set in [[Chicago]], is banned in [[Chicago]]. | + | |
| - | * Between [[1936]] and [[1966]] it was impossible to legally show in the US unedited copies of the "lewd" [[The Maltese Falcon (1931 film)|1931 version of "The Maltese Falcon"]], which was displaced by the "cleaned-up" [[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|1941 version]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1945 in film|1945]]: ''[[Scarlet Street]]'' banned in [[New York City]], according to [[Jan Morris]]' book ''Manhattan '45''. | + | |
| - | *[[1949 in film|1949]]: ''[[Pinky (1949 film)|Pinky]]'' was banned by the city of [[Marshall, Texas]] because it portrayed an [[interracial couple]], a violation of the city's censorship code. | + | |
| - | *[[1961 in film|1961]]: ''[[Victim (film)|Victim]]'' banned in many American cities due to language. [http://www.glbtq.com/arts/eur_film,2.html] | + | |
| - | *[[1967 in film|1967]]: ''[[Titicut Follies]]'' is barred from distribution by legal order, 1967-1992, because the movie was considered a violation of the privacy of the prison inmates it filmed. | + | |
| - | *[[1969 in film|1969]]: ''[[I Am Curious (Yellow)]]'' is banned as pornography. After three court cases, it was unbanned when the anti-obscenity laws concerning films was overturned. | + | |
| - | *[[1987 in film|1987]]: ''[[Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story]]'' is banned from sale, distribution, and public exhibition by court order after a civil trial on copyright infringement. | + | |
| - | *[[1988 in film|1988]]: ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' - Originally banned in Savannah, Georgia. City leaders sent a signed Petition to Universal Studios requesting a ban. Opened, however, on September 23, 1988, 6 weeks after national and worldwide debut. | + | |
| - | *[[2002 in film|2002]]: ''[[The Profit]]'' is prevented from exhibition by a legal injunction (April 2002-present) in one jurisdiction by a lawsuit from the Church of Scientology claiming libel, pending trial. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Theoretically, free speech in the U.S. can also be limited if it might cause a [[clear and present danger]] of an [[imminent lawless action]], or constitutes a copyright violation. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Vietnam === | + | |
| - | *1986: [[Platoon (film)|Platoon]] | + | |
| - | *1987: [[Full Metal Jacket]] | + | |
| - | *1995: [[Xich lo]] | + | |
| - | ''Note: These are all banned for portraying the Vietnamese in a negative light.'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Yemen=== | + | |
| - | *2006: '''[[The Omen (2006 film)|The Omen]]''' is/was for its sin number and falling of the building. | + | |
| - | *2006: '''[[Borat!: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]''' was banned for showing nudity and kidnapping an adult. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Zimbabwe === | + | |
| - | *2005: ''[[The Interpreter]]'' was banned by a September 2005 interdict from President [[Robert Mugabe]]'s Office, stating that the film is “mischievous” and a “subtle denigration of our head of State by the Bush administration and the CIA.” Screening ''[[The Interpreter]]'' may contravene Section 13(1)(A) as read with subsection (6) of the Censorship and Entertainment Control Act, and is in contravention of the Public Order and Security Act, which outlaws communicating statements deemed to undermine the Head of State. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Commenting on the ban, the ''Herald'', a government-controlled [[newspaper]] in [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]], attacked the film, calling it an anti-Zimbabwean work supported by the [[CIA]]. The film has been approved for release and distribution inside the country by the country's official censorship board. | + | |
| Line 501: | Line 27: | ||
| * [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand)|OFLC]], the [[New Zealand]] media rating system | * [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand)|OFLC]], the [[New Zealand]] media rating system | ||
| * [[List of banned books]] | * [[List of banned books]] | ||
| + | * [[Deleted kissing scenes in the film Cinema Paradiso]] | ||
| + | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 17:02, 17 April 2013
Illustration: Cover of the Nazi Germany 1937 Degenerate art exhibition. This exhibition is also a perfect illustration of the beneficial side-effects of censorship. Beneficial in the sense that any attempt at banning works of art, books or other cultural artifacts results in an aide to discerning culturati to seek out this forbidden fruit with zeal. Such has been the case with Video Nasties, the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (the Catholic Index) and the Degenerate Art expo depicted above.
Image:Perversion for Profit.jpg
A typical image from Perversion for Profit: a photograph taken from a lesbian pornography magazine and censored with colored rectangles
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
For nearly the entire history of film production, certain films have been either boycotted by political and religious groups or literally banned by a regime for political or moral reasons. Paradoxically, banning a movie often completely fails to achieve its intention of preventing a movie from being seen—the publicity given worldwide to banned films often results in it being given attention it might not otherwise receive.
With the advent of the Internet, the ability of groups or governments to ban a film is hindered. High-speed Internet access give more people access to digital copies of movies that might not be available for viewing in theaters.
Banning versus censoring
Many governments have commissions to censor and/or rate productions for film and television exhibition. From a government standpoint, the censoring of films is more effective than banning, because it limits the scope of potentially dangerous or subversive cinema without overtly limiting freedom of speech.
In the United States, there has never been national censorship. However, currently the motion picture industry maintains the MPAA Ratings, which are issued to individual films submitted to the MPAA as a means of identifying those with content not considered suitable for children and/or teenagers. The MPAA system is purely voluntary, for both movie makers and theaters. However, almost all theaters in the U.S. use the MPAA system, and many will refuse to show films which are unrated. From 1930 to 1964 film censorship boards did exist on state and/or local levels in some venues in the USA. The MPAA attempted to satisfy requirements of these disparate boards by creating films the Motion Picture Production Code in the late 1920s, another voluntary system designed and implemented by the MPAA. Films were either approved or not under the Code, and those that were generally had little or no problems passing muster with state or local censors.
Also, it is common for filmmakers to claim that their movie is banned when, in fact, the movies aren't banned but unable to find distributors. This is a common practice for both independent and foreign films. A recent example of this is the Toei Company's Battle Royale, a Japanese movie that has been unable to find distribution within the US because the Toei Company has demanded an unusually high distribution price with additional demands for its release. If a movie is not distributed because of economic reasons, it cannot truly be considered a banned movie.
See also
- Snuff film
- Motion picture rating systems
- OFLC, the New Zealand media rating system
- List of banned books
- Deleted kissing scenes in the film Cinema Paradiso
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Film censorship" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
