Fantastic art  

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[[Image:The Temptation of St. Anthony by Grunewald.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Temptation of St. Anthony (theme in the visual arts)|The Temptation of St. Anthony]]'' ([[16th century]]) by [[Matthias Grünewald]]]][[Image:The Winter (1563) by Arcimboldo in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien.jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[The Winter]]'' (1563) by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo|Arcimboldo]]]] [[Image:The Temptation of St. Anthony by Grunewald.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Temptation of St. Anthony (theme in the visual arts)|The Temptation of St. Anthony]]'' ([[16th century]]) by [[Matthias Grünewald]]]][[Image:The Winter (1563) by Arcimboldo in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien.jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[The Winter]]'' (1563) by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo|Arcimboldo]]]]
-[[Image:The Nightmare by Fuseli.JPG|thumb|right|200px|+[[Image:Joos de Momper.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Anthropomorphic]] [[Landscape]]'' (early [[17th century]]) by [[Joos de Momper]]]]
-''[[The Nightmare]]'' ([[1781]]) by [[Fuseli|Henry Fuseli]]]]+
-[[Image:Richard Dadd - Come unto These Yellow Sands.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Come unto These Yellow Sands'' ([[1842]]) by [[Richard Dadd]]. Images of nude and semi-nude [[fairies]] dancing in rings became popular during the Victorian era.]]+
-[[Image:Two Bodyheads by Paul Rumsey.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Two Bodyheads'' ([[2003]]) by [[Paul Rumsey]]]]+
-[[Image:Antichità Romane.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Antichita Romanae]]'' ([[1748]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi|Piranesi]]]]+
[[Image:From the Waking Dream book.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Adspectus Incauti Dispendium]]'' (1601), woodblock title page from the ''[[Veridicus Christianus]]''.]] [[Image:From the Waking Dream book.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Adspectus Incauti Dispendium]]'' (1601), woodblock title page from the ''[[Veridicus Christianus]]''.]]
-[[Image:Drawing by Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728 - 1799) .jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Drawing]] by [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]] (1728 - 1799)]] 
[[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|From the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]] [[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|From the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]]
 +[[Image:Antichità Romane.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Antichita Romanae]]'' ([[1748]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi|Piranesi]]]]
 +[[Image:The Nightmare by Fuseli.JPG|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Nightmare]]'' ([[1781]]) by [[Fuseli|Henry Fuseli]]]]
 +[[Image:Drawing by Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728 - 1799) .jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Cenotaph for Newton]]'' ([[1784]]) by French architect [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]]]]
 +[[Image:Richard Dadd - Come unto These Yellow Sands.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Come unto These Yellow Sands'' ([[1842]]) by [[Richard Dadd]]. Images of nude and semi-nude [[fairies]] dancing in rings became popular during the Victorian era.]]
 +[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]], [[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]
 +[[Image:Roc.gif|thumb|200px|''[[The Roc's Egg]]'' ([[1874]]) by [[Robert Swain Gifford]]]]
[[Image:Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature of 1904.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Artforms of Nature]]'' ([[1904]]) by [[Ernst Haeckel]]]] [[Image:Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature of 1904.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Artforms of Nature]]'' ([[1904]]) by [[Ernst Haeckel]]]]
 +[[Image:Two Bodyheads by Paul Rumsey.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Two Bodyheads'' ([[2003]]) by [[Paul Rumsey]]]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
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===Middle Ages and Renaissance=== ===Middle Ages and Renaissance===
:''[[Flemish fantastique]]'' :''[[Flemish fantastique]]''
-The first "fantastic" artist is generally said to be [[Hieronymus Bosch]]. Other [[medieval artist]]s who have been labeled fantastic include [[Matthias Grünewald]], [[Hans Baldung|Hans Baldung Grien]], [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder|Brueghel]] and [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]].+The first "fantastic" artist is generally said to be [[Hieronymus Bosch]]. Other [[medieval artist|medieval]] and Renaissance artists who have been labeled fantastic include [[Matthias Grünewald]], [[Hans Baldung|Hans Baldung Grien]], [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder|Brueghel]] and [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]].
In Italy, the fashion for [[grotesque art]] starts. In Italy, the fashion for [[grotesque art]] starts.
===17th century=== ===17th century===
-[[Jacques Callot]], but also the [[Grotesque_art#Mannerism_and_Baroque|Mannerist and baroque grotesque]] and the [[auricular style]].+ 
 +:''[[17th century art]]''
 +[[Jacques Callot]], but also the [[Grotesque_art#Mannerism_and_Baroque|Mannerist and baroque grotesque]] and the [[auricular style]] and the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' (1624) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]].
===18th century=== ===18th century===
 +:''[[18th century art]]''
 +
[[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], [[Henry Fuseli]], [[Francisco de Goya]]. [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], [[Henry Fuseli]], [[Francisco de Goya]].
 +
 +But also sets of [[ornamental prints]] such as ''[[Les costumes grotesques et les métiers]]'' (c. 1695) by [[Nicolas de Larmessin II]] and ''[[Mascarade à la Grecque]]'' (1771) by [[Ennemond Alexandre Petitot]] and the [[fantastic architecture]] of [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]], [[Claude Nicolas Ledoux]] and [[Jean-Jacques Lequeu]].
 +
===19th century=== ===19th century===
-[[William Blake]], [[Gustave Doré]], [[Gustave Moreau]], [[Arnold Böcklin]], [[Odilon Redon]], [[Max Klinger]]. Lesser known artists include [[Charles-Frédéric Soehnée]].+:''[[19th century art]]''
 + 
 +[[William Blake]], [[Gustave Doré]], [[Gustave Moreau]], [[Arnold Böcklin]], [[Odilon Redon]], [[Max Klinger]]. Lesser known artists include [[Charles-Frédéric Soehnée]]. Artists working in the print medium were [[Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard|Grandville]].
===20th century=== ===20th century===
-[[Salvador Dalí]], [[Rudolf Hausner]], [[Johfra]], [[H.R. Giger]], [[Odd Nerdrum]] and [[Mati Klarwein]].+:''[[20th century art]], [[Surrealism]]''
 +[[Salvador Dalí]], [[Rudolf Hausner]], [[Johfra]], [[H. R. Giger]], [[Odd Nerdrum]], [[Mati Klarwein]],[[Ernst Fuchs]] and [[Paul Rumsey]].
 + 
 +Also deserving to be mentioned is ''[[Artforms of Nature]]'' (1904) by [[Ernst Haeckel]].
==United States== ==United States==
In the United States in the 1930s, a group of Wisconsin artists inspired by the Surrealist movement of Europe created their own brand of fantastic art. They included [[Madison, Wisconsin]]-based artists Marshall Glasier, Dudley Huppler and [[John Wilde]]; Karl Priebe of [[Milwaukee]] and [[Gertrude Abercrombie]] of [[Chicago]]. Their art combined macabre humor, mystery and irony which was in direct and pointed contradiction to the [[American Regionalism]] then in vogue. In the United States in the 1930s, a group of Wisconsin artists inspired by the Surrealist movement of Europe created their own brand of fantastic art. They included [[Madison, Wisconsin]]-based artists Marshall Glasier, Dudley Huppler and [[John Wilde]]; Karl Priebe of [[Milwaukee]] and [[Gertrude Abercrombie]] of [[Chicago]]. Their art combined macabre humor, mystery and irony which was in direct and pointed contradiction to the [[American Regionalism]] then in vogue.
In postwar [[Chicago]] the art movement [[Chicago Imagism]] produced many fantastic and grotesque paintings, which were little noted because they did not conform to New York [[abstract art]] fashions of the time. Major imagists include [[Roger Brown (artist)|Roger Brown]], [[Gladys Nilsson]], [[Jim Nutt]], [[Ed Paschke]], and [[Karl Wirsum]]. In postwar [[Chicago]] the art movement [[Chicago Imagism]] produced many fantastic and grotesque paintings, which were little noted because they did not conform to New York [[abstract art]] fashions of the time. Major imagists include [[Roger Brown (artist)|Roger Brown]], [[Gladys Nilsson]], [[Jim Nutt]], [[Ed Paschke]], and [[Karl Wirsum]].
- +==Historiography==
-==Contemporary artists==+The historiography of fantastic art began when the Surrealists started to inspect their roots and drew up a list of their predecessors, see [[Proto-Surrealism]].
-* [[Ernst Fuchs]]+
-* [[H. R. Giger]]+
-* [[Paul Rumsey]]+
== Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
-*''L'art fantastique'' (1961) - [[Marcel Brion]]+:''[[Fantastic#Bibliography_of_the_.27fantastic.27|Fantastic#Bibliography of the fantastic]]''
-*''[[Dreamers of Decadence|Dreamers of Decadence: Symbolist Painters of the 1890s]]'' (1969) - [[Philippe Jullian]]+*''[[L'art fantastique]]'' (1961) - Marcel Brion
-*''[[Quatre siècles de Surréalisme]]'' (1973) by [[Pierre Belfond]]+*''[[Au cœur du fantastique]]'' (1965) - Roger Caillois
-*''The Occult in Art'' (1990) - [[Owen S. Rachleff]]+*''[[Dreamers of Decadence|Dreamers of Decadence: Symbolist Painters of the 1890s]]'' (1969) - Philippe Jullian
-*''Les peintres du fantastique'' (1996) - [[André Barret]]+*''[[Quatre siècles de Surréalisme]]'' (1973) by Pierre Belfond
 +*''[[The Occult in Art]]'' (1990) - Owen S. Rachleff
 +*''[[Les peintres du fantastique]]'' (1996) - André Barret
==See also== ==See also==
-* [[Ornamental prints]]: ''[[Les costumes grotesques et les métiers]]'' (c. 1695) by [[Nicolas de Larmessin II]] and [[Ennemond Alexandre Petitot]] +* [[Alchemy in art and entertainment]]
-* Fantastic architecture of [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]], [[Claude Nicolas Ledoux]] and [[Jean-Jacques Lequeu]]+
* [[Dream art]] * [[Dream art]]
 +* [[Grotesque art]]
 +* [[Phantasticus]]
* [[Surrealism]] * [[Surrealism]]
* [[Neosurrealism]] * [[Neosurrealism]]
* [[Fantastic Art Centre]] * [[Fantastic Art Centre]]
* [[Society for the Art of Imagination]] * [[Society for the Art of Imagination]]
-==Further reading== 
- 
-* Coleman, A.D. (1977). ''[[The Grotesque in Photography]]''. New York: Summit, Ridge Press. 
-* Watney, Simon (1977). ''Fantastic Painters''. London: Thames & Hudson. 
-* Colombo, Attilio (1979). ''Fantastic Photographs''. London: Gordon Fraser. 
-* Johnson, Diana L. (1979). ''Fantastic illustration and design in Britain, 1850-1930''. Rhode Island School of Design. 
-* Krichbaum, Jorg & Zondergeld. R.A. (Eds.) (1985). ''Dictionary of Fantastic Art''. Barron's Educational Series. 
-* Menton, Seymour (1983). ''Magic Realism Rediscovered 1918-1981''. Philadelphia, The Art Alliance Press.  
-* Day, Holliday T. & Sturges, Hollister (1989). ''Art of the Fantastic: Latin America, 1920-1987''. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art. 
-* Clair, Jean (1995). ''Lost Paradise: Symbolist Europe''. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. 
-* Palumbo, Donald (Ed.) (1986). ''Eros in the Mind's Eye: Sexuality and the Fantastic in Art and Film'' (Contributions to the Study of Science Fiction and Fantasy). Greenwood Press. 
-* Stathatos, John (2001). ''A Vindication of Tlon: Photography and the Fantastic''. Greece: Thessaloniki Museum of Photography 
-* Schurian, Prof. Dr. Walter (2005). ''Fantastic Art''. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8228-2954-7 (English edition) 
-* beinArt collective (2007). ''Metamorphosis''. beinArt. ISBN 978-0-9803231-0-8 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Revision as of 13:28, 3 December 2017

Adspectus Incauti Dispendium (1601), woodblock title page from the Veridicus Christianus.
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Adspectus Incauti Dispendium (1601), woodblock title page from the Veridicus Christianus.
Image:Richard Dadd - Come unto These Yellow Sands.jpg
Come unto These Yellow Sands (1842) by Richard Dadd. Images of nude and semi-nude fairies dancing in rings became popular during the Victorian era.

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Fantastic art is an art genre. The parameters of fantastic art have been tentatively defined in the scholarship on the subject ever since the 19th century. However, the genre had to wait for the inter war period to be mentioned by name at the "Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism" exhibition of winter 1936/1937 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, which displayed pre-surrealist works such as The Titan's Goblet by Thomas Cole.

Fantasy has been an integral part of art since its beginnings, but has been particularly important in mannerism, magic realist painting, romantic art, symbolism, surrealism and lowbrow. In French, the genre is called le fantastique, in English it is sometimes referred to as visionary art, grotesque art or mannerist art. It has had a deep and circular interaction with fantasy literature.

Fantastic art explores fantasy, "space fantasy" (a sub-genre which incorporates subjects of alien mythology and/or alien religion), imagination, the dream state, the grotesque, visions and the uncanny, as well as so-called "Goth" art. Being an inherent genre of Victorian Symbolism, modern fantastic art often shares its choice of themes such as mythology, occultism and mysticism, or lore and folklore, and generally seeks to depict the [inner life] (nature of soul and spirit).

Fantastic art should not be confused with fantasy art, which is the domain of science-fiction and fantasy illustrators such as Boris Vallejo and others.

Contents

Historic artists and fine artists

Fantastic art is a loosely defined art genre. However, the first "fantastic" artist is generally believed to be Hieronymus Bosch.

Middle Ages and Renaissance

Flemish fantastique

The first "fantastic" artist is generally said to be Hieronymus Bosch. Other medieval and Renaissance artists who have been labeled fantastic include Matthias Grünewald, Hans Baldung Grien, Brueghel and Giuseppe Arcimboldo.

In Italy, the fashion for grotesque art starts.

17th century

17th century art

Jacques Callot, but also the Mannerist and baroque grotesque and the auricular style and the Bizzarie di varie figure (1624) by Giovanni Battista Braccelli.

18th century

18th century art

Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Henry Fuseli, Francisco de Goya.

But also sets of ornamental prints such as Les costumes grotesques et les métiers (c. 1695) by Nicolas de Larmessin II and Mascarade à la Grecque (1771) by Ennemond Alexandre Petitot and the fantastic architecture of Étienne-Louis Boullée, Claude Nicolas Ledoux and Jean-Jacques Lequeu.

19th century

19th century art

William Blake, Gustave Doré, Gustave Moreau, Arnold Böcklin, Odilon Redon, Max Klinger. Lesser known artists include Charles-Frédéric Soehnée. Artists working in the print medium were Grandville.

20th century

20th century art, Surrealism

Salvador Dalí, Rudolf Hausner, Johfra, H. R. Giger, Odd Nerdrum, Mati Klarwein,Ernst Fuchs and Paul Rumsey.

Also deserving to be mentioned is Artforms of Nature (1904) by Ernst Haeckel.

United States

In the United States in the 1930s, a group of Wisconsin artists inspired by the Surrealist movement of Europe created their own brand of fantastic art. They included Madison, Wisconsin-based artists Marshall Glasier, Dudley Huppler and John Wilde; Karl Priebe of Milwaukee and Gertrude Abercrombie of Chicago. Their art combined macabre humor, mystery and irony which was in direct and pointed contradiction to the American Regionalism then in vogue.

In postwar Chicago the art movement Chicago Imagism produced many fantastic and grotesque paintings, which were little noted because they did not conform to New York abstract art fashions of the time. Major imagists include Roger Brown, Gladys Nilsson, Jim Nutt, Ed Paschke, and Karl Wirsum.

Historiography

The historiography of fantastic art began when the Surrealists started to inspect their roots and drew up a list of their predecessors, see Proto-Surrealism.

Bibliography

Fantastic#Bibliography of the fantastic

See also




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