Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
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| - | [[Erik Erikson]], the psychologist who coined the term '''identity crisis''', believes that the [[identity]] [[crisis]] is the most important conflict human beings encounter when they go through [[Erikson's stages of psychosocial development|eight developmental stages]] in life. | + | '''Erikson's stages of psychosocial development''' as articulated by [[Erik Erikson]] explain [[eight]] [[developmental stage theories|stage]]s through which a healthily developing [[human]] should pass from [[Infant|infancy]] to late [[adulthood]]. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each [[Developmental stage theories|stage]] builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as [[problems]] in the [[future]]. |
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| - | ==Description== | + | |
| - | The [[identity]] is "a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some belief in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image. As a quality of unself-conscious living, this can be gloriously obvious in a young person who has found himself as he has found his communality. In him we see emerge a unique unification of what is irreversibly given--that is, body type and temperament, giftedness and vulnerability, infantile models and acquired ideals--with the open choices provided in available roles, occupational possibilities, values offered, mentors met, friendships made, and first sexual encounters." (Erikson, 1970.) | + | |
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| - | According to Erikson's stages, the onset of the identity crisis is in the [[teenage]] years, and only individuals who succeed in resolving the crisis will be ready to face future challenges in life. But the identity crisis may well be recurring, as the changing world demands us to constantly redefine ourselves. Erikson suggested that people experience an identity crisis when they lose "a sense of personal sameness and historical continuity". Given today's rapid development in technology, global economy, dynamics in local and world politics, identity crises are expected to be more common now than 30 years ago, when Erikson formed his theory. | + | |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Existential crisis]] | ||
| + | *[[Social development theory]] | ||
| + | *[[Social psychology]] | ||
| + | *[[Behavioral Cusp]] | ||
| + | * Erikson, Erik H. Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: International Universities Press, 1959. | ||
| + | * Erikson, Erik H. Identity, Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton, 1968. | ||
| + | * Sheehy, Gail. Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1976. | ||
| + | * Stevens, Richard. Erik Erikson: An Introduction. New York: St. Martin's, 1983. | ||
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Erikson's stages of psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.
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See also
- Social development theory
- Social psychology
- Behavioral Cusp
- Erikson, Erik H. Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: International Universities Press, 1959.
- Erikson, Erik H. Identity, Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton, 1968.
- Sheehy, Gail. Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1976.
- Stevens, Richard. Erik Erikson: An Introduction. New York: St. Martin's, 1983.
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