Environmental determinism
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| - | [[environmental determinism]] [[Al-Dinawari]] is considered the founder of Arabic [[botany]] for his ''Book of Plants'', in which he described at least 637 plants and discussed [[plant morphology|plant development]] from germination (sprouting) to death, describing the phases of [[plant growth]] and the production of flowers and fruit. Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati developed an early [[scientific method]] for botany, introducing [[empirical]] and experimental techniques in the testing, description and identification of numerous [[materia medica]], and separating unverified reports from those supported by actual tests and observations. His student [[Ibn al-Baitar]] wrote a [[Pharmacy|pharmaceutical]] encyclopedia describing 1,400 plants, [[food]]s, and [[drug]]s, 300 of which were his own original discoveries. A Latin translation of his work was useful to European biologists and pharmacists in the 18th and 19th centuries. [[Earth science]]s such as geology were also studied extensively by [[Islamic geography|Arabic geologists]], but by Avicenna's time, around 1000, the Arab Empire was in decline and scientists were not free to publish their ideas. | + | |
| + | '''Environmental determinism''', also known as ''climatic determinism'' or ''geographical determinism'', is the view that the physical environment sets limits on human social development. A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography therefore became focused on the study of how the physical environment affected, or even caused, human culture and activities. | ||
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| + | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Timeline of environmental history]] | ||
| + | * [[Environmental sociology]] | ||
| + | * [[Cultural ecology]] | ||
| + | * [[Cultural materialism (anthropology)]] | ||
| + | * [[Sociocultural evolution]] | ||
| + | * [[Ecological anthropology]] | ||
| + | * [[Social determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Biological determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Cultural determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Technological determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Biological determination (sociology)]] | ||
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Revision as of 20:58, 20 January 2014
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Environmental determinism, also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism, is the view that the physical environment sets limits on human social development. A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography therefore became focused on the study of how the physical environment affected, or even caused, human culture and activities.
See also
- Timeline of environmental history
- Environmental sociology
- Cultural ecology
- Cultural materialism (anthropology)
- Sociocultural evolution
- Ecological anthropology
- Social determinism
- Biological determinism
- Cultural determinism
- Technological determinism
- Determinism
- Biological determination (sociology)
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