England
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | #REDIRECT [[United Kingdom]] | + | [[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|left|200px|This structure, built for the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]], symbolizes the rise of [[consumer culture]] and the start of [[industrial design]].]] |
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| + | "[[England]] is perhaps the only great country whose [[oikophobia|intellectuals are ashamed of their own nationality]]. In [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] circles it is always felt that there is something slightly disgraceful in being an [[English people|Englishman]] and that it is a duty to snigger at every English institution, from horse racing to [[suet pudding]]s. It is a strange fact, but it is unquestionably true that almost any [[British philosophy|English intellectual]] would feel more ashamed of standing to attention during [[God Save the Queen|God save the King]] than of stealing from a poor box." --"[[England Your England]]", [[George Orwell]], first published in ''[[The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius]]'' (1941) | ||
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| + | [[Image:Title page from Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) - Samuel Richardson.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Title page from ''[[Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' ([[1740]]) - [[Samuel Richardson]]]] | ||
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| + | '''England''' is the most populous country in the [[United Kingdom]]. It shares land borders with [[Scotland]] to the north and [[Wales]] to the west; the [[Irish Sea]] is to the north west, the [[Celtic Sea]] to the south west, while the [[North Sea]] to the east and the [[English Channel]] to the south separate it from [[continental Europe]]. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of [[Great Britain]] in the [[North Atlantic]]. The country also includes [[List of islands of England|over 100 smaller islands]] such as the [[Isles of Scilly]] and the [[Isle of Wight]]. | ||
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| + | The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the [[Upper Palaeolithic]] period, but it takes its name from the [[Angles]], one of the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the [[Age of Discovery]], which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The [[English language]], the [[Anglican Communion|Anglican Church]], and [[English law]]—the basis for the [[common law]] legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliamentary system]] of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The [[Industrial Revolution]] began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's [[Royal Society]] laid the foundations of modern experimental science. | ||
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| + | England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous [[Lake District]], [[Pennines]], and [[Yorkshire Dales]]) and in the south west (for example, [[Dartmoor]] and the [[Cotswolds]]). The former capital of England was [[Winchester]] until replaced by [[London]] in 1066. Today London is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the [[European Union]] by most measures. [[Demography of England|England's population]] is about 53 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the [[Southeast England|South East]] and conurbations in the [[English Midlands|Midlands]], the [[North West England|North West]], the [[North East England|North East]] and [[Yorkshire]], which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities. | ||
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| + | The [[Kingdom of England]]—which [[Statute of Rhuddlan|after 1284]] included Wales—was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] put into effect the terms agreed in the [[Treaty of Union]] the previous year, resulting in a political union with the [[Kingdom of Scotland]] to create the new [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] through another [[Act of Union 1800|Act of Union]] to become the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]. In 1922, the [[Irish Free State]] was established as a separate dominion, but the [[Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927]] reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]]. | ||
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| + | ==Culture of England== | ||
| + | :''[[Culture of England]]'' | ||
| + | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 16:55, 13 February 2019
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"England is perhaps the only great country whose intellectuals are ashamed of their own nationality. In left-wing circles it is always felt that there is something slightly disgraceful in being an Englishman and that it is a duty to snigger at every English institution, from horse racing to suet puddings. It is a strange fact, but it is unquestionably true that almost any English intellectual would feel more ashamed of standing to attention during God save the King than of stealing from a poor box." --"England Your England", George Orwell, first published in The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius (1941) |
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England is the most populous country in the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). The former capital of England was Winchester until replaced by London in 1066. Today London is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. England's population is about 53 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.
The Kingdom of England—which after 1284 included Wales—was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Culture of England
