Dissident
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| [[Image:Les Poires.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The [[anti-royalist]] cartoon ''[[Les Poires]]'' by [[Daumier]] after [[Philipon]].]] | [[Image:Les Poires.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The [[anti-royalist]] cartoon ''[[Les Poires]]'' by [[Daumier]] after [[Philipon]].]] | ||
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| - | A '''dissident''', broadly defined, is a person who actively [[oppose]]s an [[established]] opinion, policy, or structure. The term can be used to refer to a number of types of dissidents, including political, social, and militant dissidents. | + | A '''dissident''', broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established [[doctrine]], [[policy]], or [[institution]]. In a religious context, the word has been used since 18th century, and in the political sense since 1940, coinciding with the rise of [[totalitarian]] systems, especially the [[Soviet Union]], [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]. |
| - | ==Political dissidents== | + | ==See also== |
| - | The term is most often used to refer to '''political dissidents''', usually against [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] regimes or established constitutional order (although there are rare uses of the phrase ''philosophical dissident''. Political dissidents use non-violent means of [[political dissent]], including voicing criticism of the [[government]] or dominating ideology, or protesting individual actions by the authorities. | + | * [[List of political dissidents]] |
| + | * [[List of Chinese dissidents]] | ||
| + | * [[List of Singaporean dissidents]] | ||
| + | * [[Cuban dissident movement]] | ||
| + | * [[Dissent]] | ||
| + | * [[Ideocracy]] | ||
| + | * [[Political dissent]] | ||
| + | * [[Speaking truth to power]] | ||
| - | The term was introduced to describe intellectual opposition to non-capitalist regimes, conducted without plans or capability for a [[regime change]], [[coup]], or [[uprising]]. Dissidents may sometimes attempt to passively displace or overthrow the established government by achieving popular support and sparking a [[revolution]] or [[rebellion]]. In [[totalitarian]] regimes these dissidents are often punished with lengthy prison sentences, [[Execution (legal)|execution]], or economic deprivation. | ||
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| - | ==Soviet dissidents== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Term '''dissident''' was used in [[Soviet Union|the Soviet Union]] during the period of 1965-1985, including [[Brezhnev stagnation]], for citizens who criticized | ||
| - | the dictature of the Communist party. The people who used to write, tear and who distributed non-censored non-conformist litetature [[samizdat]] | ||
| - | were criticized in the newspapers. It was common to criticize an author in newspapers without publishing any of his works. Then, many people | ||
| - | accepted the term '''dissident''' with respect to themselves. This radically changed the meaning of the term: instead of criminal, who opposes the society, the term got meaning of | ||
| - | non-conformist, who insists on the officially published laws, including the international agreements, signed by the Soviet government Important part of activity of dissidents was informing the society | ||
| - | (Both inside the Soviet Union and in foreign countries) about violation of laws and human rights; | ||
| - | see [[Chronicle of Current Events (samizdat)]] and [[Moscow Helsinki Group]]. | ||
| - | See the special article about [[Soviet dissidents]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Social dissidents== | ||
| - | '''Social dissidents''' openly oppose dominant social attitudes. In western [[democracy|democratic]] societies political and social dissidents are widely claimed to be free from government pressure, but there have been notable instances of persecution, such as during the [[Palmer Raids]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Among them there are scientists, academicians and politicians like [[Timothy Leary]], [[Michael Gazzaniga]], [[Ann Druyan]], [[Carl Sagan]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Lester Grinspoon]], [[Jocelyn Elders]], and both [[David D. Friedman]] and his father, [[Milton Friedman]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Drug war dissidents=== | ||
| - | '''Drugs dissidents''' advocate for less punishment under the current [[Prohibition]] and may include opposers to the prohibition itself. (see [[Legalization]]) These people could be and have been prosecuted in many countries for the sole expression of their point of view, under the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1988. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===AIDS dissidents=== | ||
| - | [[AIDS dissidents]] are people who question the connection between HIV and AIDS. | ||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Opposition (politics)]] | ||
| - | *[[Counterculture]] | ||
| - | *[[Subversion]] | ||
| - | *[[Opposition]] | ||
| - | *[[Rebellion]] | ||
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Revision as of 08:42, 7 November 2019
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A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since 18th century, and in the political sense since 1940, coinciding with the rise of totalitarian systems, especially the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany and Saudi Arabia.
See also
- List of political dissidents
- List of Chinese dissidents
- List of Singaporean dissidents
- Cuban dissident movement
- Dissent
- Ideocracy
- Political dissent
- Speaking truth to power
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Dissident" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
