Dialogues chrétiens
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| - | [[John Calvin]] @500 | + | :''http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Voltaire_-_%C5%92uvres_compl%C3%A8tes_Garnier_tome24.djvu/149'' |
| - | + | [[Voltaire]]'s ''[[Dialogues chrétiens]]'' (Christian Dialogues, [[1760]]) | |
| - | :''[[Calvinism]], [[16th century Europe]], [[Northern Renaissance]], [[Protestant work ethic]], [[iconoclasm]]'' | + | |
| - | '''John Calvin''' ''né'' '''Jean Cauvin''' (10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential [[French theologian]] and pastor during the [[Protestant Reformation]]. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of [[Christian theology]] later called [[Calvinism]]. Originally trained as a [[Renaissance Humanism|humanist]] lawyer, he suddenly broke from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the 1520s. After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France, Calvin fled to [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]], where in 1536 he published the first edition of his seminal work ''[[Institutes of the Christian Religion]]''. | + | |
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| - | In the [[1540s]] the Frenchman [[John Calvin]] founded a church in [[Geneva]] which forbade alcohol and dancing, and which taught [[Predestination|God had selected those destined to be saved from the beginning of time]]. His [[Calvinist Church]] gained about half of [[Switzerland]] and churches based on his teachings became dominant in the [[Netherlands]] (the [[Dutch Reformed Church]]) and Scotland (the [[Presbyterian Church]]). | + | |
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| - | Anyone against him was called a [[Libertine]], providing the origins of a well-loved term of this blog. The group of Libertines was led by [[Ami Perrin]] and argued against Calvin's "insistence that church discipline should be enforced uniformly against all members of Genevan society". By 1555, [[Calvinist]]s were firmly in place on the Genevan town council, so the Libertines, led by Perrin, responded with an "attempted coup against the government and called for the massacre of the French ... This was the last great political challenge Calvin had to face in Geneva. | + | |
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| - | Many [[Protestantism|Protestant]] reformers including [[John Calvin]] were against [[religious art]] by invoking the [[Ten Commandments|Decalogue's]] prohibition of [[idolatry]] and the manufacture of [[graven images of God]]. As a result, statues and images were damaged in spontaneous individual attacks as well as unauthorised [[iconoclastic]] riots. In my part of the world, this started in 1566, two years after Calvin's death and resulted in the [[Beeldenstorm]]. | + | |
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| - | Calvin's legacy in modern times has produced a variety of opinions. Certainly the execution of [[Servetus]] has left a negative view of Calvin. [[Voltaire]] mentions the event in his ''[[Poème sur la loi naturelle]]'' (Poem on Natural Law, 1756) and ''[[Dialogues chrétiens]]'' (Christian Dialogues, 1760). For Voltaire, Calvin’s philosophy had not produced any improvement over the intolerance presented in previous revealed religions. Calvin is discussed in [[Max Weber]]’s classic work on the ''[[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]'' in which he argues that Calvin's teachings provided ideological impetus for the development of [[capitalism]]. Political historians have recognised his contributions to the development of [[representative democracy]] in general and the [[Federal government of the United States|American system of government]] in particular. | + | |
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| - | In find Calvin only mildly interesting, more radical Reformation info can be found under the headings of [[Thomas Müntzer]], [[Jan Hus]], the [[anabaptists]] and the [[Peasants' War]]. | + | |
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Voltaire's Dialogues chrétiens (Christian Dialogues, 1760)
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