December 2  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[1409]] - The [[University of Leipzig]] opens.+*[[1954]] - [[Second Red Scare|Red Scare]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes 65 to 22 to condemn [[Joseph McCarthy]] for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute."
-*[[1755]] - The second [[Eddystone Lighthouse]] is destroyed by fire. +
-*[[1804]] - At [[Notre Dame Cathedral]] in [[Paris]], [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] crowns himself [[List of French monarchs|Emperor of the French]], the first French Emperor in a thousand years. +
-*[[1805]] - [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Austerlitz]] - [[France|French]] troops under [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] defeat a joint [[Imperial Russia|Russo]]-[[Austrian Empire|Austria]]n force. +
-*[[1823]] - [[Monroe Doctrine]]: US President [[James Monroe]] delivers a speech establishing [[United States|American]] neutrality in future European conflicts. +
-*[[1845]] - [[Manifest Destiny]]: US President [[James K. Polk]] announces to Congress that the [[United States]] should aggressively expand into the West. +
-*[[1848]] - [[Franz Josef I of Austria|Franz Josef I]] becomes [[Emperor of Austria]]. +
-*[[1851]] - Newly-elected [[France|French]] President [[Charles Louis Bonaparte]] overthrows the [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]].+
-*[[1852]] - [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]] becomes [[List of French monarchs|Emperor of the French]]. +
-*[[1859]] - Militant [[abolitionist]] leader [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] is hanged for his [[October 16]]th raid on [[Harpers Ferry, West Virginia|Harper's Ferry]]. +
-*[[1867]] - In a [[New York City]] theater, British author [[Charles Dickens]] gives his first public reading in the [[United States]]. +
-*[[1899]] - [[Philippine-American War]]: The [[Battle of Tirad Pass]], termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.+
-*[[1908]] - Child [[Emperor]] [[Pu Yi]] ascends the [[China|Chinese]] throne at the age of two+
-*[[1920]] - Following more than a month of [[Turkish-Armenian War]], the Turkish dictated peace treaty is concluded -[[Treaty of Alexandropol]] +
-*[[1927]] - Following 19 years of [[Ford Model T]] production, the [[Ford Motor Company]] unveils the [[Ford Model A (1927)|Ford Model A]] as its new automobile. +
-*[[1930]] - [[Great Depression]]: US President [[Herbert Hoover]] goes before the [[United States Congress]] and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. +
-*[[1939]] - [[New York City]]'s [[La Guardia Airport]] opens. +
-*[[1942]] - [[Manhattan Project]]: A team led by [[Enrico Fermi]] initiates the first self-sustaining [[nuclear chain reaction]].+
-*[[1943]] - A [[Luftwaffe]] bombing raid on the harbour of [[Bari]], [[Italy]], sinks an American ship with a [[mustard gas]] stockpile. [[Bari#The 1943 chemical warfare disaster|Numerous fatalities]] (though the exact death toll is unresolved as the bombing raid itself caused hundreds of deaths too).+
-*[[1946]] - British Government invites four Indian leaders, [[Nehru]], [[Baldev Singh]], [[Jinnah]] and [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] to obtain the participation of all parties in the Constituent Assembly.+
-*[[1947]] - [[Jerusalem Riots of 1947]]: Riots break out in [[Jerusalem]] in response to the approval of the [[1947 UN Partition Plan]].+
-*[[1954]] - [[Second Red Scare|Red Scare]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes 65 to 22 to condemn [[Joseph McCarthy]] for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute." +
-* 1954 - The [[Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty]], between the [[United States]] and the [[Republic of China]], is signed in [[Washington, DC]].+
-*[[1956]] - The [[Granma (yacht)|''Granma'' yacht]] reaches the shores of [[Cuba|Cuba's]] [[Oriente]] province and [[Fidel Castro]], [[Che Guevara]] and 80 other members of the [[26th of July Movement]] disembark to initiate the [[Cuban Revolution]].+
-*[[1956]] - [[Meher Baba#Automobile accident in India|Meher Baba]] and followers suffer auto accident in [[Satara]],[[India]].+
-*[[1961]] - In a nationally-broadcast speech, [[Cuba]]n leader [[Fidel Castro]] declares that he is a [[Marxist]]-[[Leninist]] and that Cuba is going to adopt [[Communism]]. +
-*[[1962]] - [[Vietnam War]]: After a trip to [[Vietnam]] at the request of US President [[John F. Kennedy]], US Senate Majority Leader [[Mike Mansfield]] becomes the first American official to not make an optimistic public comment on the war's progress. +
-*[[1970]] - The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] begins operations. +
-*[[1971]] - [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Ajman]], [[Fujairah]], [[Sharjah]], [[Dubai]], and [[Umm Al Quwain]] form the [[United Arab Emirates]].+
-*[[1972]] - [[Edward Gough Whitlam|Gough Whitlam]] becomes the first [[Australian Labor Party]] [[Prime Minister]] of [[Australia]] for 23 years. +
-*[[1975]] - [[Pathet Lao]] seizes power in [[Kingdom of Laos|Laos]], and establishes the [[Lao People's Democratic Republic]].+
-*[[1976]] - [[Fidel Castro]] becomes President of [[Cuba]] replacing [[Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado]].+
-*[[1980]] - Four U.S. nuns and churchwomen, [[Ita Ford]], [[Maura Clarke]], [[Jean Donovan]], and [[Dorothy Kazel]], are murdered by a [[death squad]] in [[El Salvador]].+
-*[[1988]] - [[Benazir Bhutto]] is sworn in as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], becoming the first woman to head the government of an [[Islam]]-dominated state. +
-*[[1990]] - A coalition led by Chancellor [[Helmut Kohl]] wins the first free all-[[Germany|German]] elections since [[1932]]. +
-*[[1993]] - [[Colombia]]n [[drug lord]] [[Pablo Escobar]] is shot and killed in [[Medellín]]. +
-* 1993 - [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[STS-61]] - [[NASA]] launches the [[Space Shuttle Endeavour]] on a mission to repair the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].+
-*[[1999]] - The [[United Kingdom]] devolves political power in [[Northern Ireland]] to the [[Northern Ireland Executive]].+
-*[[2001]] - [[Enron]] files for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]].+
-*[[2005]] - [[Van Tuong Nguyen]] is executed in [[Singapore]] for [[drug trafficking]].+
==Births== ==Births==

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