De Interpretatione
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| - | The "'''Recovery of Aristotle'''" (or '''Rediscovery''') refers to the copying or re-translating of most (95%) of [[Aristotle]]'s other books (of ancient Greece), from Greek or Arabic text into Latin, during the [[Middle Ages]], of the [[Latin West]]. The Recovery of Aristotle spanned about 100 years, from the middle 12th century into the 13th century, and copied or translated over 42 books (see: [[Corpus Aristotelicum]]), including Arabic texts from the [[Moors]], where the previous Latin versions had only 2 books in general circulation: ''[[Categories (Aristotle)|Categories]]'' and ''[[On Interpretation]]'' (''[[De Interpretatione]]''). | ||
| - | The lack of Latin translations had been due to several factors, including limited techniques for copying books, lack of access to the Greek texts, and few people who could read [[ancient Greek]], while the Arabic versions were more accessible. The recovery of Aristotle's texts is considered a major period in mediaeval philosophy, leading to [[Aristotelianism]]. Because some of Aristotle's newly-translated views discounted the notions of a personal God, immortal soul, or creation, various leaders of the [[Catholic Church]] were inclined to censor those views for decades, such as lists of forbidden books in the [[Condemnations of 1210–1277]] at the [[University of Paris]]. Meanwhile, [[Thomas Aquinas]] (c.1225-1274), at the end of that time period, was able to reconcile the viewpoints of Aristotelianism and Christianity, primarily in his work, ''[[Summa Theologica]]'' (written 1265–1274, in several volumes). | + | [[Aristotle]]'s '''''De Interpretatione''''' (the [[Latin]] title by which it is usually known) or '''''On Interpretation''''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]] Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας or ''Peri Hermeneias'') is one of the earliest surviving philosophical works in the [[Western philosophy|Western tradition]] to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way. |
| - | The rejection, by powerful religious leaders, to censor some recovered books of Aristotle, opened a new path to allow other ideas to be considered, or taught, regarding subjects in the banned books. Eventually, new ideas became more widespread, such as the [[heliocentric]] (sun-centered) sytem noted by [[Galileo Galilei]] (1564-1642), which rejected Aristotle's Earth-centered system, even though Galileo's ideas were later censored by Church officials during his lifetime, as well. | + | The work begins by analyzing simple ''categoric'' propositions, and draws a series of basic conclusions on the routine issues of classifying and defining basic linguistic forms, such as ''simple terms'' and ''propositions'', nouns and verbs, [[negation]], the ''quantity'' of simple propositions (primitive roots of the [[quantifier]]s in modern symbolic logic), investigations on the ''excluded middle'' (what to Aristotle isn't applicable to future tense propositions — the [[Problem of future contingents]]), and on ''[[Modal logic| modal proposition]]s''. |
| + | The first five chapters deal with the terms that form propositions. Chapters 6 and 7 deal with the relationship between affirmative, negative, universal and particular propositions. These relationships are the basis of the well-known [[Square of opposition]]. The distinction between universal and particular propositions is the basis of modern [[quantification theory]]. The last three chapters deal with [[linguistic modality|modalities]]. Chapter 9 is famous for the discussion of the [[Problem of future contingents| sea-battle]]. (If it is true that there will be a sea-battle tomorrow, then it is true ''today'' that there will be a sea-battle. Thus a sea-battle is apparently unavoidable, and thus necessary). | ||
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| + | ''De Interpretatione'' is (the second) part of the ''[[Organon]]'', Aristotle's collected works on [[logic]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Corpus Aristotelicum]] - a full list of Aristotle's known works. | ||
| - | * [[Scholasticism]] | ||
| - | * [[Thomism]] | ||
| + | * [[Hermeneutics]] | ||
| + | * [[interpretation (logic)|Interpretation]] | ||
| + | * [[Semeiotic]] | ||
| + | * [[Semiosis]] | ||
| + | * [[Semiotics]] | ||
| + | * [[Sign (semiotics)|Sign]] | ||
| + | * [[Sign relation]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 14 September 2011
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Aristotle's De Interpretatione (the Latin title by which it is usually known) or On Interpretation (Greek Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας or Peri Hermeneias) is one of the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way.
The work begins by analyzing simple categoric propositions, and draws a series of basic conclusions on the routine issues of classifying and defining basic linguistic forms, such as simple terms and propositions, nouns and verbs, negation, the quantity of simple propositions (primitive roots of the quantifiers in modern symbolic logic), investigations on the excluded middle (what to Aristotle isn't applicable to future tense propositions — the Problem of future contingents), and on modal propositions.
The first five chapters deal with the terms that form propositions. Chapters 6 and 7 deal with the relationship between affirmative, negative, universal and particular propositions. These relationships are the basis of the well-known Square of opposition. The distinction between universal and particular propositions is the basis of modern quantification theory. The last three chapters deal with modalities. Chapter 9 is famous for the discussion of the sea-battle. (If it is true that there will be a sea-battle tomorrow, then it is true today that there will be a sea-battle. Thus a sea-battle is apparently unavoidable, and thus necessary).
De Interpretatione is (the second) part of the Organon, Aristotle's collected works on logic.
See also
