Contemporary art
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | "The [[Institute of Contemporary Art]] in London, founded in 1947, champions art from that year onwards. Whereas The [[New Museum of Contemporary Art]] in New York chooses the later date of 1977. In the 1980s, Tate planned a Museum of Contemporary Art in which contemporary art was defined as art of the past ten years on a rolling basis."[http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/contemporary-art] | + | Australia [[Ron Mueck]] |
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| + | Austria: [[Erwin Wurm]] | ||
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| + | China: [[Ai Weiwei ]] | ||
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| + | France: [[Christian Boltanski]] | ||
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| + | India: [[Anish Kapoor]] | ||
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| + | Portugal: [[Paula Rego]] | ||
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| + | Italy: [[Maurizio Cattelan]] | ||
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| + | Germany: [[Anselm Kiefer]], [[Gerhard Richter]], [[Thomas Ruff]] | ||
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| + | Switzerland: [[Thomas Hirschhorn]], [[Peter Fischli & David Weiss]] | ||
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| + | United Kingdom: [[Andy Goldsworthy]], [[Jake and Dinos Chapman]], [[Damien Hirst]], [[Banksy]], [[Antony Gormley]] | ||
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| + | USA: [[Paul McCarthy]], [[Mike Kelley (artist)|Mike Kelley]], [[Robert Gober]], [[Chris Burden]], [[Joel-Peter Witkin]] | ||
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| - | '''Contemporary art''' can be defined variously as art produced at the [[present time]] or art produced [[since World War II]]. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II. | + | '''Contemporary art''' can be defined variously as art produced at the [[present time]] or art produced after 1970. It includes [[postmodern art]]. |
| - | Sometimes the distinction between contemporary art and [[modern art]] is made - the former is art being created today and the art of roughly since the early seventies, while the latter refers to art from the [[1860s]] until the [[1970s]]. | + | |
| + | The distinction between contemporary art and [[modern art]] is made like this: the former is art roughly since 1970 until today, while the latter refers to art from the 1860s until the 1970s. | ||
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| + | Contemporary artworks include ''[[Columns of Ham by Jan Fabre|Columns of Ham]]'' (2000) and ''[[Heaven of Delight]]'' (2002) by Jan Fabre; and ''[[Tattooed pigs by Wim Delvoye|Tattooed Pigs]]'' (1995) and ''[[Cloaca (art)|Cloaca]]'' (2000) by Wim Delvoye. | ||
| ==Institutions== | ==Institutions== | ||
| :''[[institutional art]]'' | :''[[institutional art]]'' | ||
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| :''[[Classificatory disputes about art]]'' | :''[[Classificatory disputes about art]]'' | ||
| A common concern since the early part of the 20th century is the question of what constitutes art. This concern can be seen running through the "[[Modern art|modern]]", "[[Postmodern art|postmodern]]" and now "[[Conceptual art|conceptual]]" periods. The concept of [[avant-garde]] may come into play in determining what art is taken notice of by galleries, museums, and collectors. Serious art is ultimately exceedingly difficult to distinguish definitively from art that falls short of that designation. | A common concern since the early part of the 20th century is the question of what constitutes art. This concern can be seen running through the "[[Modern art|modern]]", "[[Postmodern art|postmodern]]" and now "[[Conceptual art|conceptual]]" periods. The concept of [[avant-garde]] may come into play in determining what art is taken notice of by galleries, museums, and collectors. Serious art is ultimately exceedingly difficult to distinguish definitively from art that falls short of that designation. | ||
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| - | ==Contemporary art prizes== | ||
| - | Some competitions, awards and prizes in contemporary art are | ||
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| - | * Emerging Artist Award awarded by [[The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum ]] | ||
| - | * [[Hugo Boss Prize]] awarded by the [[Guggenheim Museum]] | ||
| - | * [[Turner Prize]] for British artists under 50 | ||
| - | * Participation in the [[Whitney Biennial]] | ||
| - | * [[Vincent Award]], The Vincent van Gogh Biennial Award for Contemporary Art in Europe, founded by The Broere Charitable Foundation and hosted by [[Stedelijk Museum]]. | ||
| - | * [[Marcel Duchamp Prize]] awarded by ADIAF and [[Centre Pompidou]]. | ||
| - | * [[Ricard Prize]] for a French artist under 40. | ||
| - | ==History== | ||
| - | This table lists art movements by decade. It should not be assumed to be conclusive. | ||
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| - | ===1950s=== | ||
| - | * [[Abstract Expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[American Figurative Expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[Bay Area Figurative Movement]] | ||
| - | * [[Lyrical Abstraction]] | ||
| - | * [[New York Figurative Expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[New York School]] | ||
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| - | ===1960s=== | ||
| - | * [[Abstract expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[American Figurative Expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[Abstract Imagists]] | ||
| - | * [[Bay Area Figurative Movement]] | ||
| - | * [[Color field]] | ||
| - | * [[Computer art]] | ||
| - | * [[Conceptual art]] | ||
| - | * [[Fluxus]] | ||
| - | * [[Happening]]s | ||
| - | * [[Hard-edge painting]] | ||
| - | * [[Lyrical Abstraction]] | ||
| - | * [[Minimalism]] | ||
| - | * [[Neo-Dada]] | ||
| - | * [[New York School]] | ||
| - | * [[Nouveau Réalisme]] | ||
| - | * [[Op Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Performance art]] | ||
| - | * [[Pop Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Postminimalism]] | ||
| - | * [[Washington Color School]] | ||
| - | * [[Kinetic art]] | ||
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| - | ===1970s=== | ||
| - | * [[Arte Povera]] | ||
| - | * [[Ascii Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Bad Painting]] | ||
| - | * [[Body art]] | ||
| - | * [[Artist's book]] | ||
| - | * [[Feminist art]] | ||
| - | * [[Installation art]] | ||
| - | * [[Land Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Lowbrow (art movement)]] | ||
| - | * [[Photorealism]] | ||
| - | * [[Postminimalism]] | ||
| - | * [[Process Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Video art]] | ||
| - | * [[Funk art]] | ||
| - | * [[Pattern and Decoration]] | ||
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| - | ===1980s=== | ||
| - | * [[Appropriation art]] | ||
| - | * [[Culture jamming]] | ||
| - | * [[Demoscene]] | ||
| - | * [[Electronic art]] | ||
| - | * [[Figuration Libre]] | ||
| - | * [[Graffiti Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Live Art (art form)|Live art]] | ||
| - | * [[Mail art]] | ||
| - | * [[Postmodern art]] | ||
| - | * [[Neo-conceptual art]] | ||
| - | * [[Neo-expressionism]] | ||
| - | * [[Neo-pop]] | ||
| - | * [[Sound art]] | ||
| - | * [[Transgressive art]] | ||
| - | * [[Transhumanist Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Video installation]] | ||
| - | * [[Institutional Critique]] | ||
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| - | ===1990s=== | ||
| - | * [[Bio art]] | ||
| - | * [[Cyberarts]] | ||
| - | * [[Cynical Realism]] | ||
| - | * [[Digital Art]] | ||
| - | * [[Information art]] | ||
| - | * [[Internet art]] | ||
| - | * [[Massurrealism]] | ||
| - | * [[Maximalism]] | ||
| - | * [[New Leipzig School]] | ||
| - | * [[New media art]] | ||
| - | * [[New European Painting]] | ||
| - | * [[Software art]] | ||
| - | * [[Tactical media]] | ||
| - | * [[Young British Artists]] | ||
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| - | ===2000s=== | ||
| - | :see [[21st century art]] | ||
| - | * [[Classical realism]] | ||
| - | * [[Pseudorealism]] | ||
| - | * [[Cynical realism]] | ||
| - | * [[The Kitsch Movement]] | ||
| - | * [[Relational art]] | ||
| - | * [[Street art]] | ||
| - | * [[Stuckism]] | ||
| - | * [[Superflat]] | ||
| - | * [[Videogame art]] | ||
| - | * [[Superstroke]] | ||
| - | * [[VJ (video performance artist)|VJ art]] | ||
| - | * [[Virtual art]] | ||
| - | * [[Altermodern]] | ||
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| - | |} | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
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| *[[American contemporary art]] | *[[American contemporary art]] | ||
| - | *[[21st century art ]] | ||
| - | *[[Contemporary art gallery ]] | ||
| - | *[[Belgian contemporary art ]] | ||
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| - | * [[Anti-art]] and [[Anti-anti-art]] | ||
| - | * [[Burmese contemporary art]] | ||
| * [[Classificatory disputes about art]] | * [[Classificatory disputes about art]] | ||
| - | * [[List of contemporary artists]] | ||
| * [[Medium specificity]] | * [[Medium specificity]] | ||
| - | * [[Plop art]] | ||
| * [[Reductive art]] | * [[Reductive art]] | ||
| + | *''[[Art at the Turn of the Millennium]]'' (1999) is a book on [[21st century art]]. | ||
| + | *[[Museum of Contemporary Art, Antwerp ]] | ||
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Australia Ron Mueck Austria: Erwin Wurm China: Ai Weiwei France: Christian Boltanski India: Anish Kapoor Portugal: Paula Rego Italy: Maurizio Cattelan Germany: Anselm Kiefer, Gerhard Richter, Thomas Ruff Switzerland: Thomas Hirschhorn, Peter Fischli & David Weiss United Kingdom: Andy Goldsworthy, Jake and Dinos Chapman, Damien Hirst, Banksy, Antony Gormley USA: Paul McCarthy, Mike Kelley, Robert Gober, Chris Burden, Joel-Peter Witkin |
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Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at the present time or art produced after 1970. It includes postmodern art.
The distinction between contemporary art and modern art is made like this: the former is art roughly since 1970 until today, while the latter refers to art from the 1860s until the 1970s.
Contemporary artworks include Columns of Ham (2000) and Heaven of Delight (2002) by Jan Fabre; and Tattooed Pigs (1995) and Cloaca (2000) by Wim Delvoye.
Contents |
Institutions
Contemporary art is exhibited by commercial contemporary art galleries, private collectors, art auctions, corporations, publicly funded arts organizations, contemporary art museums or by artists themselves in artist-run spaces. Contemporary artists are supported by grants, awards and prizes as well as by direct sales of their work.
There are close relationships between publicly funded contemporary art organisations and the commercial sector. For instance, in Britain a handful of dealers represent the artists featured in leading publicly funded contemporary art museums.
Individual collectors can wield considerable influence. Charles Saatchi dominated the contemporary art market in Britain during the 1980s and the 1990s; the subtitle of the 1999 book Young British Artists: The Saatchi Decade uses of the name of the private collector to define an entire decade of contemporary art production.
Corporations have attempted to integrate themselves into the contemporary art world: exhibiting contemporary art within their premises, organising and sponsoring contemporary art awards and building up extensive collections of corporate art.
The institutions of art have been criticised for regulating what is designated as contemporary art. Outsider art, for instance, is literally contemporary art, in that it is produced in the present day. However, it is not considered so because the artists are self-taught and are assumed to be working outside of an art historical context. Craft activities, such as textile design, are also excluded from the realm of contemporary art, despite large audiences for exhibitions. Attention is drawn to the way that craft objects must subscribe to particular values in order to be admitted. "A ceramic object that is intended as a subversive comment on the nature of beauty is more likely to fit the definition of contemporary art than one that is simply beautiful." (Peter Timms, What's Wrong with Contemporary Art?, UNSW Press, 2004, p17).
At any one time a particular place or group of artists can have a strong influence on globally produced contemporary art; for instance New York artists in the 1980s.
Public attitudes
Contemporary art can sometimes seem at odds with a public that does not feel that art and its institutions share its values. In Britain, in the 1990s, contemporary art became a part of popular culture, with artists becoming stars, but this did not lead to a hoped-for "cultural utopia". Some critics like Julian Spalding and Donald Kuspit have suggested that skepticism, even rejection, is a legitimate and reasonable response to much contemporary art.
Concerns
A common concern since the early part of the 20th century is the question of what constitutes art. This concern can be seen running through the "modern", "postmodern" and now "conceptual" periods. The concept of avant-garde may come into play in determining what art is taken notice of by galleries, museums, and collectors. Serious art is ultimately exceedingly difficult to distinguish definitively from art that falls short of that designation.
See also
- American contemporary art
- Classificatory disputes about art
- Medium specificity
- Reductive art
- Art at the Turn of the Millennium (1999) is a book on 21st century art.
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Antwerp
