Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence)
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
| Revision as of 22:02, 28 June 2011 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 22:02, 28 June 2011 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| + | In [[artificial intelligence]] research, '''commonsense knowledge''' is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The '''commonsense knowledge problem''' is the ongoing project in the field of [[knowledge representation]] (a sub-field of [[artificial intelligence]]) to create a '''commonsense knowledge base''': a [[database]] containing all the general knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that it is available to [[artificial intelligence]] programs that use [[natural language processing|natural language]] or make inferences about the ordinary world. Such a database is a type of [[ontology (computer science)| ontology]] of which the most general are called [[upper ontology (computer science)|upper ontologies]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The problem is considered to be among the hardest in all of AI research because the breadth and detail of commonsense knowledge is enormous. Any task that requires commonsense knowledge is considered [[AI-complete]]: to be done as well as a human being does it, it requires the machine to appear as intelligent as a human being. These tasks include [[machine translation]], [[object recognition]], [[text mining]] and many others. To do these tasks perfectly, the machine simply has to know what the text is talking about or what objects it may be looking at, and this is impossible in general unless the machine is familiar with all the same concepts that an ordinary person is familiar with. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Information in a commonsense knowledge base may include, but is not limited to, the following: | ||
| + | * An [[ontology (information science)|ontology]] of classes and individuals | ||
| + | * Parts and materials of objects | ||
| + | * Properties of objects (such as color and size) | ||
| + | * Functions and uses of objects | ||
| + | * Locations of objects and layouts of locations | ||
| + | * Locations of actions and events | ||
| + | * Durations of actions and events | ||
| + | * Preconditions of actions and events | ||
| + | * Effects (postconditions) of actions and events | ||
| + | * Subjects and objects of actions | ||
| + | * Behaviors of devices | ||
| + | * Stereotypical situations or scripts | ||
| + | * Human goals and needs | ||
| + | * Emotions | ||
| + | * Plans and strategies | ||
| + | * Story themes | ||
| + | * Contexts | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Commonsense knowledge bases== | ||
| + | {{See also|upper ontology}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Cyc]] | ||
| + | * [[Open Mind Common Sense]] and [[ConceptNet]] | ||
| + | * [[ThoughtTreasure]] | ||
| + | * [[WordNet]] | ||
| + | * [[Basic Formal Ontology]] (BFO) | ||
| + | * [[Upper ontology#DOLCE and DnS|DOLCE and DnS]] | ||
| + | * [[General Formal Ontology]] | ||
| + | * [[Suggested Upper Merged Ontology]] | ||
| + | * [[Mindpixel]] | ||
| + | * [[True Knowledge]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Ontology (computer science)]] | ||
| + | * [[Upper ontology]] | ||
| + | * [[Commonsense reasoning]] | ||
| + | * [[Common sense]] | ||
| - | '''Cyc''' is an [[List of notable artificial intelligence projects|artificial intelligence project]] that attempts to assemble a comprehensive [[ontology (computer science)|ontology]] and [[knowledge base]] of everyday [[common sense knowledge]], with the goal of enabling [[artificial intelligence|AI]] applications to perform human-like reasoning. | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 22:02, 28 June 2011
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The commonsense knowledge problem is the ongoing project in the field of knowledge representation (a sub-field of artificial intelligence) to create a commonsense knowledge base: a database containing all the general knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that it is available to artificial intelligence programs that use natural language or make inferences about the ordinary world. Such a database is a type of ontology of which the most general are called upper ontologies.
The problem is considered to be among the hardest in all of AI research because the breadth and detail of commonsense knowledge is enormous. Any task that requires commonsense knowledge is considered AI-complete: to be done as well as a human being does it, it requires the machine to appear as intelligent as a human being. These tasks include machine translation, object recognition, text mining and many others. To do these tasks perfectly, the machine simply has to know what the text is talking about or what objects it may be looking at, and this is impossible in general unless the machine is familiar with all the same concepts that an ordinary person is familiar with.
Information in a commonsense knowledge base may include, but is not limited to, the following:
- An ontology of classes and individuals
- Parts and materials of objects
- Properties of objects (such as color and size)
- Functions and uses of objects
- Locations of objects and layouts of locations
- Locations of actions and events
- Durations of actions and events
- Preconditions of actions and events
- Effects (postconditions) of actions and events
- Subjects and objects of actions
- Behaviors of devices
- Stereotypical situations or scripts
- Human goals and needs
- Emotions
- Plans and strategies
- Story themes
- Contexts
Commonsense knowledge bases
- Cyc
- Open Mind Common Sense and ConceptNet
- ThoughtTreasure
- WordNet
- Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)
- DOLCE and DnS
- General Formal Ontology
- Suggested Upper Merged Ontology
- Mindpixel
- True Knowledge
See also
