Cognition
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+ | [[Image:The Heart Has Its Reasons by Odilon Redon.jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[The heart has its reasons, of which reason knows nothing]]'' (c.[[1887]]) by [[Odilon Redon]]]] | ||
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+ | [[I know that I know nothing]] --Socrates | ||
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+ | [[Image:Theatre from Ars Memoriae by Robert Fludd.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Ars Memoriae]]'': The [[Theatre]] ([[1619]]) - [[Robert Fludd]] | ||
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+ | “In the [[illusion|illusory]] [[babel]]s of language, an [[artist]] might [[avant-garde|advance]] specifically to get [[lost]], and to [[drugs|intoxicate]] himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd [[intersection]]s of [[meaning]], [[strange]] corridors of history, [[unexpected]] echoes, [[unknown]] humors, or [[void]]s of [[knowledge…]] but this quest is [[risky]], full of bottomless [[fiction]]s and endless architectures and [[counter]]-architectures… at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only [[meaningless]] reverberations.” --[[Robert Smithson]]]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Diagram of the human mind, from Robert Fludd (1574-1637), Utriusque cosmic maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica]]'' by [[Robert Fludd]]]] | ||
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- | The term '''cognition''' is used in different ways by different disciplines. In psychology, it refers to an [[information processing]] view of an individual's psychological [[Functionalism (psychology)|function]]s. Other interpretations of the meaning of ''cognition'' link it to the development of ''concepts''; individual minds, groups, organizations, and even larger coalitions of [[entity|entities]], can be modelled as ''[[society of mind theory|societies]]'' which [[cooperation|cooperate]] to form [[concepts]]. The autonomous elements of each '[[society]]' would have the opportunity to demonstrate [[emergence|emergent behavior]] in the face of some crisis or opportunity. Cognition can also be interpreted as "understanding and trying to make sense of the world". | + | |
- | ==René Descartes' illustration of mind/body dualism== | + | '''Cognition''' is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, [[experience]], and the [[senses]]." (Oxford dictionary) It encompasses processes such as [[knowledge]], [[attention]], [[memory]] and [[working memory]], [[Value judgment|judgment]] and [[evaluation]], [[reason]]ing and "[[computation]]", [[problem solving]] and [[decision making]], [[comprehension (logic)|comprehension]] and production of [[language]], etc. Human cognition is conscious and unconscious, concrete or abstract, as well as intuitive (like knowledge of a language) and conceptual (like a model of a language). Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new knowledge. |
- | [[René Descartes' illustration of mind/body dualism]][https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Descartes_mind_and_body.gif] | + | |
- | [[René Descartes]]' illustration of [[mind/body dualism]]. Descartes believed inputs are passed on by the sensory organs to the [[epiphysis]] in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit. See his Meditations on First Philosophy[1] | + | The processes are analyzed from different perspectives within different contexts, notably in the fields of [[linguistics]], [[anesthesia]], [[neuroscience]], [[psychiatry]], [[psychology]], [[education]], [[philosophy]], [[anthropology]], [[biology]], [[systemics]], [[logic]], and [[computer science]]. These and other different approaches to the analysis of cognition are synthesised in the developing field of [[cognitive science]], a progressively autonomous [[academic discipline]]. Within psychology and philosophy, the concept of cognition is closely related to abstract [[concept]]s such as [[mind]] and [[intelligence]]. It encompasses the [[mental function]]s, [[thought|mental processes]] ([[thought]]s), and states of intelligent entities ([[human]]s, collaborative groups, human organizations, highly autonomous machines, and [[artificial intelligence]]s). |
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+ | Thus, the term's usage varies across disciplines; for example, in psychology and cognitive science, "cognition" usually refers to an [[information processing]] view of an individual's psychological [[functionalism (philosophy of mind)|functions]]. It is also used in a branch of [[social psychology]] called [[social cognition]] to explain [[Attitude (psychology)|attitudes]], [[Attribution (psychology)|attribution]], and group dynamics. In cognitive psychology and cognitive engineering, cognition is typically assumed to be information processing in a participant’s or operator’s mind or brain. | ||
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+ | Cognition can in some specific and abstract sense also be [[artificial intelligence|artificial]]. | ||
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+ | The term "cognition" is often incorrectly used to mean "cognitive abilities" or "cognitive skills." | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [[Intentionality]] | * [[Intentionality]] | ||
* [[List of cognitive scientists]] | * [[List of cognitive scientists]] | ||
+ | * [[Mind-body problem]] | ||
* [[Molecular Cellular Cognition]] | * [[Molecular Cellular Cognition]] | ||
* [[Numerical cognition]] | * [[Numerical cognition]] |
Revision as of 21:32, 12 January 2017
I know that I know nothing --Socrates |
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Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses." (Oxford dictionary) It encompasses processes such as knowledge, attention, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc. Human cognition is conscious and unconscious, concrete or abstract, as well as intuitive (like knowledge of a language) and conceptual (like a model of a language). Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new knowledge.
The processes are analyzed from different perspectives within different contexts, notably in the fields of linguistics, anesthesia, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, education, philosophy, anthropology, biology, systemics, logic, and computer science. These and other different approaches to the analysis of cognition are synthesised in the developing field of cognitive science, a progressively autonomous academic discipline. Within psychology and philosophy, the concept of cognition is closely related to abstract concepts such as mind and intelligence. It encompasses the mental functions, mental processes (thoughts), and states of intelligent entities (humans, collaborative groups, human organizations, highly autonomous machines, and artificial intelligences).
Thus, the term's usage varies across disciplines; for example, in psychology and cognitive science, "cognition" usually refers to an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions. It is also used in a branch of social psychology called social cognition to explain attitudes, attribution, and group dynamics. In cognitive psychology and cognitive engineering, cognition is typically assumed to be information processing in a participant’s or operator’s mind or brain.
Cognition can in some specific and abstract sense also be artificial.
The term "cognition" is often incorrectly used to mean "cognitive abilities" or "cognitive skills."
See also
- Animal cognition
- Cognitive bias
- Cognitive dissonance
- Cognitive linguistics
- Cognitive module
- Cognitive psychology
- Cognitive space
- Cognitive style
- Comparative Cognition
- Decade of the Mind
- Educational psychology
- Embodied cognition
- Epigenetics in psychology
- Functional neuroimaging
- Gestalt psychology
- Goal orientation
- Group cognition
- Holonomic brain theory
- Ideasthesia
- Intentionality
- List of cognitive scientists
- Mind-body problem
- Molecular Cellular Cognition
- Numerical cognition
- Personal knowledge management
- Philosophy of mind
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development
- Santiago theory of cognition
- Situated cognition
- Spatial Cognition
- Theory of cognitive development
- Theory of mind
- Wason selection task