Che Guevara
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| - | [[Image:Guerrillero Heroico - Che Guevara by Alberto Diaz Gutierrez.jpg|thumb|200px|The ''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'' photo of [[Che Guevara]] by [[Alberto Diaz Gutierrez]]]] | + | [[Image:Guerrillero Heroico - Che Guevara by Alberto Diaz Gutierrez.jpg|thumb|200px|The ''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'' photo of [[Che Guevara]] by Alberto Korda]] |
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| - | :''[[Fame in the 20th Century]]'' | + | |
| - | '''Ernesto Guevara de la Serna''' ([[June 14]], [[1928]] – [[October 9]], [[1967]]), commonly known as '''Che Guevara,''' '''El Che''' or just '''Che''' was an [[Argentina|Argentine]]-born [[Marxist]] [[revolutionary]], [[politician|political figure]], and leader of [[Cuba]]n and [[Proletarian internationalism|internationalist]] [[guerrillas]]. | + | '''Ernesto''' "'''Che'''" '''Guevara''' (14 June 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[revolutionary]], [[physician]], author, [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] leader, diplomat, and [[military theorist]]. A major figure of the [[Cuban Revolution]], his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous [[counterculture of the 1960s|countercultural]] symbol of rebellion and global insignia [[in popular culture]]. |
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| + | As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout [[South America]] and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger, and disease he witnessed. His burgeoning desire to help overturn the [[Informal empire|capitalist exploitation of Latin America]] by the United States prompted his involvement in [[Guatemala]]'s social reforms under President [[Jacobo Árbenz]], whose eventual [[1954 Guatemalan coup d'état|CIA-assisted overthrow]] at the behest of the [[United Fruit Company]] solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later in [[Mexico City]], Guevara met [[Raúl Castro|Raúl]] and [[Fidel Castro]], joined their [[26th of July Movement]], and sailed to [[Cuba]] aboard the yacht ''[[Granma (yacht)|Granma]]'' with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator [[Fulgencio Batista]]. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the [[Insurgency|insurgents]], was promoted to second-in-command, and played a pivotal role in the two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime. | ||
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| + | Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the [[revolutionary tribunal (Cuba)|revolutionary tribunals]], instituting [[Agrarian Reform Laws of Cuba#First agrarian reform law under Che Guevara|agrarian land reform]] as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide [[Cuban Literacy Campaign|literacy campaign]], serving as both national bank president and instructional director for [[Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces|Cuba's armed forces]], and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]], and bringing [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-armed]] [[ballistic missile]]s to Cuba, which preceded the 1962 [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]. Additionally, Guevara was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal [[Guerrilla Warfare (book)|guerrilla warfare manual]], along with a best-selling [[memoir]] about his youthful [[The Motorcycle Diaries (book)|continental motorcycle journey]]. His experiences and studying of [[Marxism–Leninism]] led him to posit that the [[Third World]]'s [[underdevelopment]] and [[Dependency theory|dependence]] was an intrinsic result of [[imperialism]], [[neocolonialism]] and [[state monopoly capitalism|monopoly capitalism]], with the only remedy being [[proletarian internationalism]] and [[world revolution]]. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first [[Simba Rebellion|unsuccessfully]] in [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Kinshasa]] and later [[Ñancahuazú Guerrilla|in Bolivia]], where he was captured by [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-assisted Bolivian forces and [[Summary execution|summarily executed]]. | ||
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| + | Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a [[Bibliography of works on Che Guevara|multitude of biographies]], memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for [[Class conflict|class struggle]], and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives, Guevara has evolved into a quintessential icon of various [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] movements. In contrast, his ideological critics on [[Right-wing politics|the right]] accuse him of [[authoritarianism]] and sanctifying violence against his political opponents. Despite disagreements on [[Legacy of Che Guevara|his legacy]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named him one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 most influential]] people of the 20th century, while an [[Alberto Korda]] photograph of him, titled ''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'', was cited by the [[Maryland Institute College of Art]] as "the most famous photograph in the world". | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | '''Main:''' | ||
| + | * [[Che Guevara's postmortem face]] | ||
| + | * [[Che Guevara (photo)]] | ||
| + | * [[Che Guevara in popular culture]] | ||
| + | * [[Legacy of Che Guevara]] | ||
| + | * [[Guevarism]] | ||
| + | *[[Fame in the 20th Century]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Music''' | ||
| + | *"[[Elegia al Che Guevara]]" (1975) by the Chilean musical group [[Quilapayún]] | ||
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| + | '''Books:''' | ||
| + | * ''[[The Motorcycle Diaries (book)|The Motorcycle Diaries]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Guerrilla Warfare (book)|''Guerrilla Warfare'']] | ||
| + | * ''[[Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War]]'' | ||
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| + | '''Films:''' | ||
| + | * [[Che (2008 film)|''Che – Part 1 & Part 2'']] | ||
| + | * [[The Motorcycle Diaries (film)|''The Motorcycle Diaries'']] | ||
| + | * ''[[Che! (1969 film)|Che!]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[The Hands of Che Guevara]]'' | ||
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Revision as of 14:21, 10 November 2020
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Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14 June 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.
As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger, and disease he witnessed. His burgeoning desire to help overturn the capitalist exploitation of Latin America by the United States prompted his involvement in Guatemala's social reforms under President Jacobo Árbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow at the behest of the United Fruit Company solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later in Mexico City, Guevara met Raúl and Fidel Castro, joined their 26th of July Movement, and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht Granma with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, and played a pivotal role in the two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.
Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba's armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and bringing Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba, which preceded the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, Guevara was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal guerrilla warfare manual, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism–Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed.
Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle, and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives, Guevara has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist movements. In contrast, his ideological critics on the right accuse him of authoritarianism and sanctifying violence against his political opponents. Despite disagreements on his legacy, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, while an Alberto Korda photograph of him, titled Guerrillero Heroico, was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as "the most famous photograph in the world".
See also
Main:
- Che Guevara's postmortem face
- Che Guevara (photo)
- Che Guevara in popular culture
- Legacy of Che Guevara
- Guevarism
- Fame in the 20th Century
Music
- "Elegia al Che Guevara" (1975) by the Chilean musical group Quilapayún
Books:
Films:
