Calavera
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| ''[[Calavera]] de la [[Catrina]]'' (before [[1913]]) by [[Posada]]]] | ''[[Calavera]] de la [[Catrina]]'' (before [[1913]]) by [[Posada]]]] | ||
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| - | '''José Guadalupe Posada''' ([[2 February]] [[1852]] – [[20 January]] [[1913]]) was a [[Mexican art|Mexican]] [[engraving|engraver]] and [[illustration|illustrator]]. | ||
| - | He was born in the city of [[Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]], where he learned the art of [[lithograph]]y and, by [[1871]], was working for a local newspaper called ''El Jicote'' ("The [[Hornet]]") but after 11 issues it closed and he was forced to flee. After a few years, he eventually joined the staff of the [[Mexico City]] publishing firm of [[Antonio Vanegas Arroyo]], creating various book covers and illustrations. Much of his work was also published in sensationalistic broadsides depicting various current events. | + | A '''calavera''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "[[Human skull|skull]]") is a representation of human skull made from either sugar or clay, which is used in the [[Mexico|Mexican]] celebration of the [[Day of the Dead]] and the [[Roman Catholic]] holiday [[All Souls Day]]. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls, such as the lithographs of [[José Guadalupe Posada]]. |
| - | Posada's best known works are his ''[[calavera]]s'', which often assume various costumes, such as the ''Calavera de la Catrina'', the "Calavera of the Female [[Dandy]]", which was meant to [[satire|satirize]] the life of the [[upper class]]es during the reign of [[Porfirio Díaz]]. Most of his imagery was meant to make a [[religion|religious]] or satirical point. Since his death, however, his images have become associated with the Mexican [[holiday]] ''Día de los Muertos'', the "[[Day of the Dead]]". They draw on [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] motifs. | + | |
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Calacas]] skeleton. | ||
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| - | Largely forgotten by the end of his life, Posada's engravings were brought to a wider audience in the [[1920s]] by the [[France|French]] artist [[Jean Charlot]], who encountered them while visiting [[Diego Rivera]]. While Posada died in poverty, his images are well known today as examples of [[folk art]]. The [[mural]]ist [[José Clemente Orozco]] knew Posada when he was young, and credited Posada's work as an influence on his own. | ||
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A calavera (Spanish for "skull") is a representation of human skull made from either sugar or clay, which is used in the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead and the Roman Catholic holiday All Souls Day. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls, such as the lithographs of José Guadalupe Posada.
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See also
- Calacas skeleton.
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