Body art  

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-'''Body art''' is [[art]] made on, with, or consisting of, the [[human body]]. The most common forms of body art are [[tattoo]]s and [[body piercing]]s. 
-Body art as modern an contemporary art practice can involve things such as [[mutilation]] or pushing the body to its physical limits. For example, one of [[Marina Abramovic]]'s works involved dancing until she collapsed from exhaustion, while one of [[Dennis Oppenheim]]'s better-known works saw him lying in the sunlight with a book on his chest, until his skin, excluding that covered by the book, was badly [[sunburn]]ed. It can even consist of the arrangement and [[dissection]] of preserved bodies in an artistic fashion, as in the case of the [[plastination|plastinated]] bodies used in the travelling [[Body Worlds]] exhibit. +'''Body art''' is [[art]] made on, with, or consisting of, the [[human]] body. Body art covers a wide spectrum including [[tattoo]]s, [[body piercings]], [[scarification]], and [[body painting]]. Body art may include [[performance art]], body art is likewise utilised for investigations of the body in an assortment of different media including [[painting]], [[mold]], [[photography]], [[film]] and [[video]]. More extreme body art can involve mutilation or pushing the body to its physical limits.
-In Western art, body art appears to be a sub-category of [[performance art]], in which artists use or abuse their own body to make their particular statements.+In more recent times, the [[Human body|body]] has become a subject of much broader discussion and treatment than can be reduced to body art in its common understanding. Important strategies that question the [[human body]] are: [[implant (body modification)|implants]], body in [[symbiosis]] with the [[new technologies]], [[Virtuality|virtual]] bodies, among others.
-In more recent times, [[body]] became a subject of much broader discussions and treatments that cannot be reduced to the body art in its common understanding. Important strategies that question the [[human body]] are: [[implants]], body in [[symbiosis]] with the [[new technologies]], [[virtual]] body etc. A special case of the body art strategies is the [[absence]] of [[body]]. The most important artists that performed the "absence" of [[body]] through their [[artwork]]s were: [[Keith Arnatt]], [[Andy Warhol]], [[Anthony Gormley]] and [[Davor Džalto]].+Well known pieces include ''[[Reading Position for Second Degree Burn]]'' (1970).
-==Examples of body art== 
-[[Vito Acconci]] once documented, through photos and text, his daily exercise routine of stepping on and off a chair for as long as possible over several months. Acconci also performed a '[[Following Piece]]', in which he followed randomly chosen New Yorkers. +==Background==
 +Body art often deals with issues of gender and personal identity and common topics include the relationship of body and psyche.
-[[Chris Burden]] actually had an assistant shoot him in the arm in his piece ‘[[Shoot (Burden)|Shoot]]’ (1971), which was observed by a live audience. This was documented in an eight-second video and is a notorious example of [[video art]] as well as [[performance art]]. In ‘Through the Night Softly' (1973), Burden crawled naked through broken glass, which he saw as stars in the sky, and turned the video footage into a ten-second commercial that was aired on television. In ‘Locker’, he spent five days jammed into a 2' x 2' x 3' locker at UCLA; in ‘Sculpture in Three Parts’ (1974), he sat on an upright chair on a sculpture pedestal for 48 hours, until he fell off due to exhaustion; in ‘White Light/White Heat’ (1975), he spent 22 days alone and invisible to the public on a high platform in a gallery, neither eating, speaking, seeing or being seen. Most of these performances are known only through photographs or short video clips. +The [[Viennese Actionism|Vienna Action Group]] was formed in 1965 by [[Hermann Nitsch]], [[Otto Mühl]], [[Günter Brus]], and [[Rudolf Schwarzkogler]]. They performed several body art actions, usually involving social taboos (such as genital mutilation).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}[[File:Mehndi 3.jpg|thumb|[[Mehndi]] body art]][[Vito Acconci]] once documented, through photos and text, his daily exercise routine of stepping on and off a chair for as long as possible over several months. Acconci also performed ''Following Piece'', in which he followed randomly chosen New Yorkers.
-The [[Viennese Actionism|Vienna Action Group]] was formed in 1965 by Herman Nitsch, Otto Muhl, Gunter Brus and Rudolf Schwartzkogler. They performed several body art actions, usually involving social taboos (such as genital mutilation).+In France, body art was termed ''art corporel'' and practised by such artists as [[Michel Journiac]] and [[Gina Pane]].
-[[Marina Abramovic]] performed ''[[Rhythm 0]]'' in 1974. In the piece, the audience was given instructions to use on Abramovic's body an array of 72 provided instruments of pain and pleasure, including knives, feathers, and a loaded pistol. Audience members cut her, pressed thorns into her belly, put lipstick on her, and removed her clothers. The performance ended after six hours when someone held the loaded gun up to Abramovic's head and a scuffle broke out.+In Italy in the 1980s, one of the famous artists in the movement was [[Ketty La Rocca]].
-The movement gradually evolved to the works more directed in the personal mythologies, as at [[Jana Sterbak]], [[Rebecca Horn]] or [[Youri Messen-Jaschin]].+[[Marina Abramović]] performed ''Rhythm 0'' in 1974. In the piece, the audience was given instructions to use on Abramović's body an array of 72 provided instruments of pain and pleasure, including knives, feathers, and a loaded pistol. Audience members cut her, pressed thorns into her belly, applied lipstick to her, and removed her clothes. The performance ended after six hours, when someone held the loaded pistol up to Abramović's head and a scuffle broke out.
-[[Guatemalan]] artist [[Regina José Galindo]] have used body art to protest against political [[oppression]] and [[violence against women]].+Photographer [[Spencer Tunick]] is well known for conducting [[photo shoot]]s which gather large numbers of naked people at public locations around the world.
 + 
 +Artists whose works have evolved with more directed personal mythologies include [[Rebecca Horn]], [[Youri Messen-Jaschin]], [[Javier Perez (body artist)|Javier Perez]], and [[Jana Sterbak]]. Body art can also be expressed via [[writing]] rather than [[painting]].
 + 
 +==Extreme body art==
 +For example, one of [[Marina Abramović]]'s works involved dancing until she collapsed from exhaustion, while one of [[Dennis Oppenheim]]'s better-known works saw him lying in the sunlight with a book on his chest, until his skin, excluding that covered by the book, was badly [[sunburn]]ed. It can even consist of the arrangement and [[dissection]] of preserved bodies in an artistic fashion, as in the case of the [[plastination|plastinated]] bodies used in the travelling [[Body Worlds]] exhibition.
 + 
 +===''Absence'' of body===
 +Scientific research in this area, for example that by [[Stelarc]], can be considered in this artistic vein. A special case of the body art strategies is the [[Nonexistence|absence]] of [[Human body|body]]. Some artists who performed the "absence" of body through their [[Visual art|artwork]]s were: [[Davor Džalto]], [[Antony Gormley]], and [[Andy Warhol]].
 + 
 +==Body art events==
 +[[Burning Man]] festival is held annually in the [[Black Rock Desert]] of northwest Nevada (US), September.
 +Jake Lloyd Jones, a Sydney-based artist, conceived the Sydney Body Art Ride, which has become an annual event. Participants are painted to form a living rainbow that rides to the Pacific Ocean and immerses itself in the waves.
 + 
 +==See also==
 +* [[Body modification]]
 +* [[Cyborg art]]
 +* [[Female cosmetic coalitions]]
 +* [[Mehndi]]
 +* [[Modern primitive]]
 +* [[Performance art]]
 +* [[Temporary tattoos]]
 +* [[Vajazzle]]
-==List of works== 
-*[[Reading Position for Second Degree Burn]] (1970) 
== See also == == See also ==
*[[Valie Export]] *[[Valie Export]]
*[[BODYPOLITCX]] *[[BODYPOLITCX]]
-[[Category:Body art]] 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}
 +[[Category:Body art]]

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Body art is art made on, with, or consisting of, the human body. Body art covers a wide spectrum including tattoos, body piercings, scarification, and body painting. Body art may include performance art, body art is likewise utilised for investigations of the body in an assortment of different media including painting, mold, photography, film and video. More extreme body art can involve mutilation or pushing the body to its physical limits.

In more recent times, the body has become a subject of much broader discussion and treatment than can be reduced to body art in its common understanding. Important strategies that question the human body are: implants, body in symbiosis with the new technologies, virtual bodies, among others.

Well known pieces include Reading Position for Second Degree Burn (1970).


Contents

Background

Body art often deals with issues of gender and personal identity and common topics include the relationship of body and psyche.

The Vienna Action Group was formed in 1965 by Hermann Nitsch, Otto Mühl, Günter Brus, and Rudolf Schwarzkogler. They performed several body art actions, usually involving social taboos (such as genital mutilation).Template:Citation needed[[File:Mehndi 3.jpg|thumb|Mehndi body art]]Vito Acconci once documented, through photos and text, his daily exercise routine of stepping on and off a chair for as long as possible over several months. Acconci also performed Following Piece, in which he followed randomly chosen New Yorkers.

In France, body art was termed art corporel and practised by such artists as Michel Journiac and Gina Pane.

In Italy in the 1980s, one of the famous artists in the movement was Ketty La Rocca.

Marina Abramović performed Rhythm 0 in 1974. In the piece, the audience was given instructions to use on Abramović's body an array of 72 provided instruments of pain and pleasure, including knives, feathers, and a loaded pistol. Audience members cut her, pressed thorns into her belly, applied lipstick to her, and removed her clothes. The performance ended after six hours, when someone held the loaded pistol up to Abramović's head and a scuffle broke out.

Photographer Spencer Tunick is well known for conducting photo shoots which gather large numbers of naked people at public locations around the world.

Artists whose works have evolved with more directed personal mythologies include Rebecca Horn, Youri Messen-Jaschin, Javier Perez, and Jana Sterbak. Body art can also be expressed via writing rather than painting.

Extreme body art

For example, one of Marina Abramović's works involved dancing until she collapsed from exhaustion, while one of Dennis Oppenheim's better-known works saw him lying in the sunlight with a book on his chest, until his skin, excluding that covered by the book, was badly sunburned. It can even consist of the arrangement and dissection of preserved bodies in an artistic fashion, as in the case of the plastinated bodies used in the travelling Body Worlds exhibition.

Absence of body

Scientific research in this area, for example that by Stelarc, can be considered in this artistic vein. A special case of the body art strategies is the absence of body. Some artists who performed the "absence" of body through their artworks were: Davor Džalto, Antony Gormley, and Andy Warhol.

Body art events

Burning Man festival is held annually in the Black Rock Desert of northwest Nevada (US), September. Jake Lloyd Jones, a Sydney-based artist, conceived the Sydney Body Art Ride, which has become an annual event. Participants are painted to form a living rainbow that rides to the Pacific Ocean and immerses itself in the waves.

See also

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Body art" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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