Banditry  

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==Origin of the word== ==Origin of the word==
-The term ''bandit'' (introduced to English via Italian around 1590) originates with the [[Germanic law|early Germanic]] legal practice of outlawing criminals, termed ''*bannan'' (English [[:wikt:ban|ban]]). The legal term in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was ''Acht'' or ''Reichsacht'', translated as "[[Imperial ban]]".{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}+The term ''bandit'' (introduced to English via Italian around 1590) originates with the [[Germanic law|early Germanic]] legal practice of outlawing criminals, termed ''*bannan'' (English [[ban]]). The legal term in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was ''Acht'' or ''Reichsacht'', translated as "[[Imperial ban]]".
==History== ==History==
[[File:Dalton Gang memento mori 1892.jpg|200px|thumb|Members of the [[Dalton Gang]] following the Battle of Coffeyville in 1892. Left to right: Bill Power; [[Bob Dalton (outlaw)|Bob Dalton]]; [[Grat Dalton]] and Dick Broadwell.]] [[File:Dalton Gang memento mori 1892.jpg|200px|thumb|Members of the [[Dalton Gang]] following the Battle of Coffeyville in 1892. Left to right: Bill Power; [[Bob Dalton (outlaw)|Bob Dalton]]; [[Grat Dalton]] and Dick Broadwell.]]
-About 5,000 bandits were executed by [[Pope Sixtus V]] in the five years before his death in 1590, but there were reputedly 27,000 more at liberty throughout central Italy.{{sfn|Ruggiero|2006|p=143}}+About 5,000 bandits were executed by [[Pope Sixtus V]] in the five years before his death in 1590, but there were reputedly 27,000 more at liberty throughout central Italy.
-Marauding was one of the most common peasant reactions to oppression and hardship. The growth of warlord armies in China was also accompanied by a dramatic increase in bandit activity in the republican period; by 1930 the total bandit population was estimated to be 20 million.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|p=1}}+Marauding was one of the most common peasant reactions to oppression and hardship. The growth of warlord armies in China was also accompanied by a dramatic increase in bandit activity in the republican period; by 1930 the total bandit population was estimated to be 20 million.
==Social bandit== ==Social bandit==
-{{main|Social bandits}} 
- 
[[Social bandit]] or social crime is a term invented by the historian [[Eric Hobsbawm]] in his 1959 book Primitive Rebels, a study of popular forms of resistance that also incorporate behaviour characterized by law as illegal. He further expanded the field in the 1969 study ''Bandits''. Social banditry is a widespread phenomenon that has occurred in many societies throughout recorded history, and forms of social banditry still exist, as evidenced by [[piracy]] and [[organized crime]] syndicates. Later social scientists have also discussed the term's applicability to more modern forms of crime, like [[street gang]]s and the economy associated with the trade in [[illegal drugs]]. [[Social bandit]] or social crime is a term invented by the historian [[Eric Hobsbawm]] in his 1959 book Primitive Rebels, a study of popular forms of resistance that also incorporate behaviour characterized by law as illegal. He further expanded the field in the 1969 study ''Bandits''. Social banditry is a widespread phenomenon that has occurred in many societies throughout recorded history, and forms of social banditry still exist, as evidenced by [[piracy]] and [[organized crime]] syndicates. Later social scientists have also discussed the term's applicability to more modern forms of crime, like [[street gang]]s and the economy associated with the trade in [[illegal drugs]].

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Banditry is the life and practice of bandits. A bandit is "one who is proscribed or outlawed; hence, a lawless desperate marauder, a brigand: usually applied to members of the organized gangs which infest the mountainous districts of Italy, Sicily, Spain, Greece, and Turkey." In modern usage it may be used as a synonym for gangster, hence the term "one-armed bandit" for gambling machines that can leave the gambler with no money.

Contents

Origin of the word

The term bandit (introduced to English via Italian around 1590) originates with the early Germanic legal practice of outlawing criminals, termed *bannan (English ban). The legal term in the Holy Roman Empire was Acht or Reichsacht, translated as "Imperial ban".

History

[[File:Dalton Gang memento mori 1892.jpg|200px|thumb|Members of the Dalton Gang following the Battle of Coffeyville in 1892. Left to right: Bill Power; Bob Dalton; Grat Dalton and Dick Broadwell.]]

About 5,000 bandits were executed by Pope Sixtus V in the five years before his death in 1590, but there were reputedly 27,000 more at liberty throughout central Italy.

Marauding was one of the most common peasant reactions to oppression and hardship. The growth of warlord armies in China was also accompanied by a dramatic increase in bandit activity in the republican period; by 1930 the total bandit population was estimated to be 20 million.

Social bandit

Social bandit or social crime is a term invented by the historian Eric Hobsbawm in his 1959 book Primitive Rebels, a study of popular forms of resistance that also incorporate behaviour characterized by law as illegal. He further expanded the field in the 1969 study Bandits. Social banditry is a widespread phenomenon that has occurred in many societies throughout recorded history, and forms of social banditry still exist, as evidenced by piracy and organized crime syndicates. Later social scientists have also discussed the term's applicability to more modern forms of crime, like street gangs and the economy associated with the trade in illegal drugs.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Banditry" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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